高一英语人教版必修3第四单元知识点课件.ppt

,人教课标版高一必修3Unit4,Languagepoints,1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.考点what引导的主语从句，第一句what在从句中作become的宾语，第二句what在从句中作主语。,考例1_wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（山东2008）A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As点拨选B。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。若选it则应去掉第二个is；as引导定语从句，若选as则应去掉isthat。,考例2_isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which点拨what引导主语从句并且在从句中作sayanddo的宾语。,2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.1)violent猛烈的，激烈的2)whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。,引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if,两者常可以互换。Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?,值得注意的是：whether和if都可以和ornot连用,但是whether之后可以直接跟ornot,而if则不能,如：Idontcarewhetherornotyourcarbreaksdown.,Idontknowwhetherornothescoming.但是不可以说：Idontcareifornotyourcarbreaksdown.,whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如:Idontcareifshedoesntcome.Idontcareifitdoesntrain.,但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义,如：Iwonderwhetherhedoesntthinktoomuchofhimself.其意思相当于:Ithinkhedoesthinktoomuchofhimself.,在个别动词之后,如discuss等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句,如:Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldclosetheshop.WediscussedwhetherMarycouldjoinus.,whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.,whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能,如:Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.,引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if,如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.,引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.Thequestioniswhetherhewillspeakatthemeeting.,引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisessential.IamindoubtwhetherIshouldagreetotheplan.,(NMET1996)1._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2.Ihavejustdiscuss_weshouldgivehimenoughhelp.3.Theyhadnoidea_ornottheycouldachievetheirgoals.,Whether,whether,whether,3.Time:soonerorlater;eventually;Iime(forsth./todosth.):notlateShewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.,与time相关的短语:innotime立刻,马上attimes有时atatime每次;依次onceuponatime从前ontime按时;准时atonetime从前forthetimebeing暂时fromtimetotime不时地,4.astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。1)cooldown变凉,冷却,2)appear“出现,似乎”是不及物动词当表示“似乎,好像”时是系动词,该词无被动语态。OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.,I.含义上的差异appear是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的,但实质上并不一定如此;seem是表示说话人主观上的判断,暗含有一定的根据,往往接近事实的判断;look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断,实质上也可能如此。,Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。(其实并非如此)Seseemsyoung.(Ithinkheisrich.)她看起来很年轻。(根据个人的主观判断而推断出)Shelooksyoung.她很年轻。(从他外表可出感觉出),II.用法上的差异appear,look,seem后均可带名词、形容语、tobe结构。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhonestman.昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。,b.look可用于进行时,而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.他现在看起来很高兴。,Remember!,c.appear和seem之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而look之后除了能接tobe结构外,不接其它动词不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.他好像同意你的意见。Theydontseemtohavereadthisnovel.他们好像没有读过这本小说。,d.look,seem能与介词like构成习语，意思是“看上去象”,而appear却不能。例如:ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。Helookslikeastudent.他看起来象个学生。,e.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而appear则不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.看起来他去过北京。,f.appear和seem均可接that引导的从句,而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewontfinishthisworktoday.我们好像今天完不成这项工作。,g.appear和seem可用于therebe结构中,而look不能。如:Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident.好像出了一次事故。,5.bylayingeggs.lay-laid-laid-laying放,把.放在.;产卵Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:lay(laid;laid;laying)放置;产卵lie(lay;lain;lying)躺;位于lie(lied;lied;lying)说谎,Thenaughtyboy_tomethatthehenthat_therejustnowhad_twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid,D,6.givebirthto1)生（孩子）Shesjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2)产生Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。,7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这就是使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。,阅读下列句子,注意prevent.from的意思和用法。1.Therewasnothingtopreventherfromdoingso.2.Wemustpreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.3.Theemperororderedhisporterstopreventthespeakerenteringthebuilding.,归纳prevent.from的意思是_。from后多跟动词-ing形式(句1、句2)；有时可省略from(句3)。拓展近义短语有:stop.from阻止干某事;keep.from阻止干某事。注意:prevent和stop后的from都可以省略,而keep.from中的from则不能省略，如果省略了,其意义将发生改变。,制止、阻止、使不做某事,1).Noonecanpreventtheplans_out.A.tobecarriedB.fromcarryingC.nottocarryD.frombeingcarried2).Theytriedtopreventtheplanefrom_ontherunway.A.landB.landingC.tolandD.beinglanded,8.theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。,有关too的一些用法too作“太”讲。Thereistoomuchwater.水太多了。Thisshirtistoolargeforme.这衬衫我穿起来太大。Theproblemisrathertoohardforme.这个问题对我来说太难了。,2)当“tooadj.(形容词)inf.(动词不定式)”时,有两种不同的意义,一种为“太以至(不)”,在翻译时要加上一个否定词;另一种是“太”,语意肯定,但too后的形容词常用ready,heavy,beautiful等。,Thequestionistoohardtounderstand.问题太难,理解不了。Heistooproudtoseehisownshortcomings.他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.你太爱挑别人的毛病了。,3)当“only/all/not/buttooadj.(形容词)inf.(动词不定式)”时,后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与too连用等于very(非常)。,Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.我非常欢迎你再来信。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他们非常喜欢这么做。Weareonlytoopleasedtoworktogetherwiththeworkers.我们和工人们一起劳动,非常高兴。,4)在“cannotcannever.too”结构中，应理解为“无论怎样也不会过分”。Youcannotpraisehimtoohighly.你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。,Wecannotbetoocarefulindoingexperiments.我们做实验无论怎样小心也不过分。Youcanneverbetoocarefulofyourhealth.你越注意健康越好。,5)当too用于数量增减时,表示“过(多、少、长等)”的意思。Itistoolongbyhalf.它长了一半。Hehasgivenmesixtoomany(few).他多(少)给了我六个。Thisrodis3inchestoolong.这杆长了3英寸。,-Areyougoingtothefootballgame?-No.Theticketsare_expensiveforme.A.verymuchB.fartooC.highlyD.somuch解析:too+形容词+forsb.表示“太”,far可置于too前表示程度。,B,9.whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.在未来的千百万年中,生命能否在地球一延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。,dependvi.相信,信赖;依靠,依赖(尤指钱);视而定YoucandependonJohnheisalwaysontime.你可以相信约翰,他总是很准时。,相关短语：,believesb.相信某人（所说的话）believeinsb.信任/信赖某人trust(in)sb.相信/信任/信赖某人dependoncountonsb.relyon,信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人,Tellhimwhatyouwanttosay;hesamanto_.A.countB.believeC.trustD.depend解析:相信/信赖某人:countonsb./believeinsb./dependonsb./trust(in)sb.,C,I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1.This_(理论)helpstoexplainhowanimalscommunicatewitheachother.2.Thefinalcostcouldbeasmuchasoneb_dollars.3.31peoplehavebeeninjuredin_(暴力的)incidentsthroughouttheday.,练习坊,theory,billion,violent,4.Acrosstheg_,sealevelvariesbyhundredsoffeet.5.A(n)_(原子)issosmallthatwecannotseeit.6.Smokingish_tohealth,butsomepeoplecannotgetridofit.7.Thebestwaytogetthat_(二氧化碳)intotheatmosphereistowarmtheentireplanet.,globe,atom,harmful,carbondioxide,8.Thenewownershavetriedtogivetherestaurantamorefamily-friendly_(气氛).9.O_isakindofgasthatisnecessaryformostanimalsandplantstolive.10.Iwassurprisedbythe_(出席)ofsomanypeopleatthemeeting.,atmosphere,Oxygen,presence,II.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Theshiprocked_(violent)fromsidetoside,causingmanypassengerstofeelseasick.2.Thereisa_(fundament)differenceinattitudebetweenthesetwopoliticians.3.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingis_(harm)toourhealth.,violently,fundamental,harmful,4.Ourproblemshave_(multiply)sincelastyear.5.Scientistswanttoknowwhetherlife_(exist)onotherplanets.6.Shelistenedwitha_(puzzle)expressiononherface.,multiplied,exists,puzzled,III.用适当的介词填空。1.According_ourrecords,thebooksyouhaveborrowedshouldnowbereturnedtothelibrary.2.Tobegin_,weoughttoknowwhatwearestudyingfor.3.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthemovietheater,peoplelosttheirheadsandran_alldirections.,to,with,in,4.Thecarcametoastopjust_timetopreventanaccident.5.Heusuallycomestoschoolearly.Itsvery_himtobesolatetoday.6.Aknowledgeofphysicsisfundamental_anyunderstandingofthisproblem.7.Thesmellofrainandwetnesswaseverywhere.Itseemedtofillme_energy.,in,unlike,to,with,8.Whenyouareyoung,youdreamaboutallsorts_things.9.Hegrowsnotonlyvegetablesbutalsoflowersinhisgarden;thatis,hegrowsflowers_vegetables.10.Aseedcangrow_atree,andtreesmakeupbeautifulforests.11.CanyoutellmehowChinaisdifferent_yourcountry?,of,aswellas,into,from,12._thepasthehadtoreadbycandlelight.13.Shegavebirth_afinehealthybabylastweek.14.Intheteachersclass,thestudentsoftenanswerhisquestions_turn.15.Howmuchoilcanbeput_thisbottle?,In,to,in,into,16.Whatcanwedotokeepthedisease_spreading?17.Asaresult_whathadhappened,wedecidedtochangetherules.18.Ivebeenoldenoughtoearnmyliving,soIllnolongerdepend_myfather.19.Doyouknowthatcrocod