完型填空讲解 (1).doc

完形填空专题训练(1)完型填空题，被认为是难点中的难点。该题需要从整体上去把握语篇，除了语法和固定搭配，它更注重考查对整篇材料的理解。高考采用的完型填空题是：“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约220-250词）内留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整”。 完型填空的试题设计主要有以下特点：1、从选项来看，每小题的4个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类或结构，属于同一范畴。20个小题的80个选项中所用到的词汇或结构基本不重复，以期增大考查的覆盖面。2、从考查的重点看，是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主。单纯从语法角度命制的题不多，一般需要考生把握上下文语境的逻辑关系，掌握一定的常识，理解词语的搭配等。 一般而言，解答完型填空遵循如下步骤：1、通读全文。明确主旨做题之前，首先要快速通读全文，从语篇角度掌握文章的基本内容。切忌读一句填一句，望文生义，盲目猜测。阅读时尤其要注意全文的第一句话。第一句一般不留空，它既能让考生了解文章的主题，又是对下文的重要提示。2、先整体，后局部。由于完型填空的题目是以语篇为基础精心设计出来的，因此应先准确把握整篇短文的含义以及上下文的逻辑关系，而不要先将注意力集中在四个选项上，这会阻碍对全句、全文的理解，延误答题时间，降低答题效率。3、瞻前顾后，先易后难。捕捉信息词在阅读段落、了解基本内容的前提下，自上而下逐一选择，是正确的解题思路。但有时考生会遇到很难确定的选择，这时可先跳过此题，将易选之项选出，提高文章的完整性，减少缺失信息的空格数；待阅读到下文获取更多信息时，再回过头来处理未选之项。4、检查核对。20个选项全部完成后，要认真仔细检查。有必要快速通读已选填好的全文，将答案带入文中，根据语汇词义、语法结构、语篇逻辑三条线索检查选项是否符合上下文含义，与作者观点是否一致，语法关系（包括人称、搭配、时态、语态、单复数等等）是否正确。总体说来，完型填空所测试的内容大致分为4类：1）语境词汇题；2）固定搭配题；3）语法结构题；4）逻辑推理题。在高考的完型填空中，词汇辨义题占大多数，一般都占30%，固定搭配与语法结构一般都各占20%-25%，逻辑推理题占20%。完型填空的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点，以篇章理解为基础，考核学生的语法知识和对词汇的运用能力。1、语境词汇题完型填空对词汇的考查在很大程度上与上下文的语境有关，这是完型填空考查的重点和方向，同时要注意填入的单词和周围单词的语义搭配问题。为了达到文章衔接和连贯的目的，文章中的词汇会通过不同的方式复现出来。词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、和概括词复现等不同类别。1） 原词复现：原词复现是指相同的单词在原文中反复出现，达到文章衔接的目的，我们可以利用这种衔接方法找到要填入的单词在原文中的同现词，也就找到了试题的答案。(1). We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about 42 . Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be pleased. 42. A. sweets B. toys C. clothes D. books(2). I began to get worried and got up to look for him. I asked a young lady if she had seen a little boy in a grey suit. She looked about herself helplessly and pointed out that there were so many 52 in grey suits.52. A. young ladies B. new customers C. loving parents D. small boys(3). There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. When people are really 40 ，nothing will stop them from falling asleep no matter where they are. 40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy(4). I really enjoyed the show and didnt want it to 49 But in the end, after three encores （加演）, the show finished.49. A. continue B. delay C. finish D. change(5). I was 21 . Why were you doing what I do memorizing textbooks and studying for tests? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled21. A. amused(逗乐的)B. worriedC. puzzledD. disappointed2） 同义词或近义词复现：同义词复现是指相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到文章衔接的目的。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。(1). Although I love my life, it hasnt been a lot of fun as Ive been ill for 28 years. Music has always been a great love of mine and, in my 20s, when my 21 was more manageable, I enjoyed ten years as a professional singer in restaurants, playing and singing folk songs. 21. A. loneliness B. sadness C. tiredness D. sickness(2). The worst time to fall asleep is when 34 . Police reports are full of accidents that occur when people fall into sleep and go off the road. If the drivers are lucky, they are not seriously hurt. 34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving(3). In her second grade, Maja 31 her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasminas death, Maja swore she would honor the little girl by swimming with a dolphin, an animal that both girls like. 31. A. lost B. visited C. rescued(营救) D. left(4). You smiled and said, “In life, you can do anything you want to do.”Encouraged by your 33 , I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my lifes journey, less afraid to make mistakes. 33. A. description B. words C. praise D. introduction(介绍)3） 反义词复现：反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到文章衔接的目的。我们可以利用文章的这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。(1) . I observed a number of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. 7. A. separate(分开的)B. regular(常规的) C. new D. boring(2). After listening to shouts of wildly wrong guesses, the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, and announced the 40 answer. 40. A. readyB. possibleC. correctD. difficult(3). I passed by a girl who 38 her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone elsewould help her pick them up, I continued my way. 38. A. took B. droppedC. got D. pulled 2、固定搭配题固定搭配题在完型填空中占了15%左右的比重，在完型填空中主要考查的固定搭配题包括对动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语的考查。我们平时应积累和掌握尽可能多的固定短语，只有这样才能在这一部分得到高分。(1). Your words became my mottoI constantly found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland Rotary) 32 one of the few women (chief medical reporters) in my field32. A. and B. but C. or D. for(2). But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “ 41 for it”, I wouldnt have decided to give it a try. 41. A. going B. lookingC. cheeringD. applying(3). He began to jump up and down, as high as he could, at the top of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still, it remained out of 43 . 43. A. hope B. hand C. sight D. reach(4). I have gone from “hiding” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, 54 raising my hand even when I sometimes wasnt and not 100 percent sure I had the right answer. 54. A. by B. for C. with D. to3、语法结构题完型填空常考的语法项目有：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气、倒装结构等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。(1). To relax, Maja 43 often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium（水族馆）near her homeA young dolphin, Winter, who had lost its tail, caught her eye. 43. A. might B. shouldC. could D. would(2). I cannot thank you enough for 19 you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. 19. A. what B. that C. which D. where(3). He led me 35 the crowded shop and to a bench with a large professional karaoke box on it.35. A. over B. along C. towards D. through (4). We want to give our guests a homely feel, so each room is themed (以为题) around memories from our lives. There are also styles to remind me of Mom a tiny chair which 37 be in her bedroom is set in one room. 37. A. ought to B. used to C. might D. could 4、逻辑推理题完型填空考查的是一种综合能力，而不仅仅是对词汇和语法的考查。对句子之间逻辑关系的判断也是完型填空考查的重点。逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、列举关系、解说关系、分类关系、比较关系、对照关系等。解答逻辑推理题需要理顺要填入的逻辑关系词前后文的语义，从中判断两句话之间的关系。(1) . I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And 36 otherwise assigned（指定）a seat by the teacher, I always chose to sit at the back of the classroom. 36. A. asB. until C. unless D. though(2). 49 Diana met with the language barrier, she was always going ahead while at college. 49. A. Though B. As C. Since D. Once (3). After two years treatment in the U.S., Maja received her first artificial (人造的) leg, but 39 it didnt fit well, walking for Maja was very painful. 40 , she managed to graduate from a local high school. 39. A. until B. because C. although D. if40. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Besides D. However(4). Before I could respond, a wave of water got into the boat. I rushed to the tiller(舵柄) 50 it was too late. Another huge wall of water turned over the boat in a minute. 50. A. if B. for C. after D. but(5). 26 I needed to sleep in the afternoons, I was limited in my choices. I decided that I would consider going back to singing in restaurants. 26. A. If B. As C. Though D. Before 以上也只是从理论上总结了完型的一些答题技巧，真正的提高还需要在平日里多做练习。实战练习：A The habit of chewing gum has lasted for more than a century. Millions of people all 1 the world chew billions of pieces of gum every year.Chewing gumbecame popular in the United States mainly 2 of the work of one man, William Wrigley, 3 for many years was the head of the Wrigley Company. Earlier Thomas Adams first began his experiment in about the 4 1870. It was he who first made the gum soft and pleasant to chew. But it was not until Wrigley joined the business in about 1890 5 people everywhere began to pick up the habit of chewing gum. Wrigley liked to do 6 in a big way. In his first year, he borrowed money and 7 more than a million dollars in advertising. For years, there was a large Wrigleys 8 on every streetcar in the United States. 9 complained that they could not go 10 without seeing Wrigleys name. Wrigley even 11 , free of charge, pieces of gum to every person 12 the telephone book of every city and town in the United States. Finally he began to advertise that it was 13 for health to chew gum, that it calmed the nerves(神经), and that it helped keep the teeth 14 . He used to give the gum free to 15 child in the United States on its second birthday. He 16 young women who, in long, orange-striped dresses would go from city to city in groups of four or five, 17 at street corners and give free sample of chewing gum to every person who passed by. 18 this way each woman gave away about five thousand 19 of Wrigleys gum every day. As a result of this pains-taking advertising, people in the United States began to buy 20 chewing gum.1. A. aboutB. overC. ofD. across2. A. sinceB. asC. becauseD. for3. A. thatB. whoC. whomD. which4. A. yearB. timeC. ageD. period5. A. thatB. in whichC. whenD. where6. A. jobsB. workC. thingsD. tasks7. A. spentB. tookC. costD. paid8. A. informationB. advertisementC. picturesD. business9. A. AnybodyB. PeopleC. MenD. Passengers10. A. everywhereB. nowhereC. anywhereD. somewhere11. A. carriedB. sentC. broughtD. took12. A. inB. onC. atD. by13. A. goodB. badC. harmD. wrong14. A. dirtyB. cleanC. hardD. strong15. A. everyB. allC. manyD. most16. A. askedB. employedC. wantedD. wished17. A. watchB. satC. standD. wait18. A. ByB. OnC. InD. At19. A. piecesB. packetsC. bagsD. boxes20. A. less and less B. more and moreC. more or less D. fewer and fewerBThere is an English saying that goes, “He who laughs last, laughs the hardest.” High School Musical star and teen attraction Zac Efron is 1 a lot these days. 2 a young boy, Efron was bullied（欺负） in school because he was the smallest in his class and made 3 of because he looked a bit ugly. But history, as they say, is a thing of the 4 . Now at 21, Efron is one of People Magazines 100 Most Beautiful People, and is 5 the world promoting the third High School Musical film. Efron was born and 6 in California. He took school seriously. 7 Efron,“he would be mad if he got not an A 8 a B in school.” It was his father who 9 him to act. He took part in school 10 and practiced with a local theater group. He also took singing lessons. He 11 from high school in 2006 and was accepted at the University of Southern California to study film. But he put it off 12 study movies when you can star in them? Now he has signed on to star in a romantic comedy and to 13 in the remake of the popular movie, Footloose. Efron is also earning more than $3 million for his 14 in High School Musical 3. Not 15 for a 21-year-old. But Efron 16 remembers those bullies. “You have to remember that bullies want to bring you 17 because you have something that they18 ,” Efron said. “Also, when people 19 your weaknesses, it is 20 an opportunity for you to rise above.”1. A. thinking B. doing C. singing D. laughing2. A. As B. Like C. For D. To3. A. little B. free C. fun D. use4. A. present B. past C. moment D. time5. A. visiting B. showing C. turning D. traveling6. A. grown B. risen C. raised D. brought7. A. According to B. Judging from C. As for D. Owing to8. A. or B. but C. and D. nor9. A. wanted B. promised C. encouraged D. expected10. Ameetings B. reports C. lectures D. performances11. A. graduated B. left C. benefited D. started12. A. how B. why C. who D. when13. A. play B. behave C. move D. manage14. A. result B. deed C. effect D. role15. A. good B. bad C. familiar D. popular16. A. even B. yet C. still D. in17. A. down B. up C. on D. in18. A. hate B. share C. need D. envy19. A. pick out B. point out C. take out D. find out20. A. probably B. simply C. clearly D. fairlyC Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road. 1 , she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student 2 to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk（后备箱）. No 3 tire. At this time, a car 4 . Paul and Diane told Clay to 5 them to a service station near their 6 . They arrived to see that it had no suitable tires to 7 with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul. The couple called around to find a tire. No 8 . They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a 9 of keys, “Take our car. We 10 be using it over the holiday.” Clay was 11 . “But Im going all the way to South Carolina, and Ill be gone for two weeks,” she 12 them. “We know,” Paul said. “Well be 13 when you get back. Heres our number if you need to 14 us.”Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the 15 put her luggage into their car and then 16 her off. Two weeks later she 17 to find her old car cleaned inside and out with three new tires and the radio 18 . “Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I 19 you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, we dont want any money. Its our 20 .” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to pass on their “do onto others” spirit.1. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Immediately D. Fortunately2. A. afforded B. wanted C. allowed D. managed3. A. spare B. free C. full D. empty4. A. passed B. stopped C. paused D. started5. A. help B. push C. takeD. follow6. A. garage B. house C. shop D. hotel7. A. agree B. match C. go D. deal8. A. way B. message C. doubt D. luck9. A. set B. number C. pair D. chain10. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont11.A. satisfied B. worried C. astonished D. disturbed12. A. persuaded B. advised C. reminded D. promised13. A. happy B. here C. away D. busy14. A. get in touch with B. keep in touch withC. be in touch with D. put in touch with15. A. repairmen B. cleaners C. friends D. couple16. A. sent B. shook C. watched D. drove17. A. shocked B. happened C. returned D. came18. A. loaded B. fixed C. tied D. rebuilt19. A. owe B. lend C. give D. offer20. A. wish B. job C. duty D. pleasureD My father met my mother in a poker (扑克牌) game. He couldnt 1 his eyes off her. It was her companys annual 2 , and he walked her home that night. The next week, from his home in Chicago, he 3 her a postcard: Remember me? Please 4 , because Ill be calling you one of these days. David. She still has that postcard. Im not sure what made her 5 it. Though he already had his heart 6 her, she hadnt chosen him yet, 7 not consciously(有意识地). As my father often told us 8 we were growing up, it was 9 luck that he was at the picnic that day. As a salesman for a big electronics company, he was in town to 10 customers and happened to stop by the branch office that Saturday morning to 11 some calls. The telephone rang：it was the 12 of a local radio station with whom my father had done some business. So the manager 13 my father to come right over to their annual picnic. My mother was a writer at that radio station. If my father hadnt 14 by the office that morning, he told us, 15 if hed gotten there two minutes later, the life our lives would have been 16 . A few months after the wedding, my father was transferred East. They 17 in New York, in the house where I grew up. Sometimes I think about that, how time sweeps us 18 and puts us in a certain place where were faced with one choice or another. By chance or by the 19 we make, we leave behind other lives we could have lived, full of 20 passions and joys, different problems and disappointments.1. A. take B. meet C. fix D. put2. A. game B. competition C. picnic D. meeting3. A. booked B. wrote C. sold D. sent4. A. do B. forget C. wait D. read5. A. bring B. save C. let D. gather6. A. look for B. set on C. stare at D. fall to7. A. at least B. more or less C. as a result D. at last8. A. because B. until C. though D. while9. A. blind B. sad C. sorrowful D. tiresome10. A. fight with B. agree with C. argu