人教版高中英语语法：名词性从句课件.ppt

名词性从句,NOUNCLAUSES,高一下学期英语集体备课课件,备课人：陈晓云,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,引导名词性从句的关联词,注：在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。,Wherehecomesfromisstillunknown,Iwonderwhatiswrongwithhim,1.宾语从句,名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。,1注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。,Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.,Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.,但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.,2句型：find,feel+it+adj/n.+that,eg:WeallfinditimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.Youshouldmakeitclearwhyyoufailedtoattendthemeeting.IconsideritmydutythatIshouldhelpmystudents,3句型：like/hate/dislike/appreciateit+宾语从句,eg:Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeahand.IlikeitwhenallmyfamilystaytogetherchattingIhateitwhensomeonespeakstomewithhismouthfull.,4:形容词宾语：常接宾语从句的形容词sure,certain,afraid,aware,sorry,etc.,eg:Heisawarethatthedangeriscoming.Iamsurethatheistellingthetruth.Iamsatisfiedthatmystudentsareworkinghard,Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.,Idontcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.,5介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。,Thestreetwasquietexceptthattherewereafewbarks,6由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,Hehastoldme(that)hewillgotoShanghaitomorrowandthathewillstaytherefor3days.,7:用whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,5:宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.,Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.,WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.,Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.,Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.,Shewillgivewhoever/anyonewhoneedshelpawarmsupport.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.,TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.,6:当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,Wedontbelievethathewillwinthegame.,Idontthinkhewilldoso.,Idoubtwhether/ifIdontdoubtthatIamsurethatIamnotsurewhether/if/wh_.,2.表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句,Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.,ThatsjustwhatIwant.,Thisiswhereourproblemlies.,Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.,Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.,3.主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.,WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.,Thathestoleabikewastrue.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.,Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1）It+be+名词+that从句Itisapity/shame/factthat.2）It+be+形容词+that从句Itisstrange/natural/necessary/importantthatshould,3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Itisreported/said/suggested/knownthat4）It+不及物动词+that从句,Ithappens/appears/turnsoutthat,eg:Itturnedoutthatthepartywasasuccess结果晚会很成功,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,ItisnecessaryItsimportant,Itsnatural/strange,etc.)that,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which。,Whoever(Anyonewho)breaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoever(Nomatterwho)breaksthelaw,he/shewillbepunished=Nomatterwho,Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished=AnyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunishedWhateverhedoesisreasonableforme=AnythingthathedoesisreasonableformeTheyarelotsofbeautifuldressedofdifferentcolors,youcanchoose_youlike(whatever/whichever),whichever,4.同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。,Thefactthatlighttravelsfasterthansoundisknowntoallofus,Mommakeapromisethatthatshewouldbuyacomputer.Thenewsthathewaskilledshockedus.Thereisnodoubtthatheislying.Wecantnotsolvetheproblemhowwecanraisesomuchmoney.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,判断方法一：看that在从句中作不作成分。定语从句中,that是关系代词指代先行词，在从句充当句子主，宾，表，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,判断方法二：定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的Weheardthenewsthathehadtoldher.定Weheardthenewsthathehadwonthe同game.,判断方法三：同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。例如：Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceistrue.,若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是：Thenewsisthathewonthefirstplace.消息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句,That和what引导名词从句的区别Whatwecantgetisalwaysbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatheisdishonestisnoneofyourbusiness.Diligenceis_ittakestodoeverythingwell.,what,1.Thephotographswillshowyou_（MET1989）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,2.考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.(NMET1996)A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what,2.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.(MET1991)whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklik