桥梁常用单词.doc

桥梁常用单词一、结构物名称：（1）.结构物：Construction桥梁：Bridge跨线桥：Flyover 铁路桥：R.O.B. (Railway over bridge) 小桥：Minor bridge拱桥：Arched bridge地下通道：Underpass 人行天桥：Foot bridge 天桥：Overpass 便桥:Auxiliary bridge；1.垫层 Bedding/Cushion垫层砼：Bedding Concrete 砂垫层：Sand bed/cushion2.基础：Foundation扩大/明挖基础：Open foundation 桩：Pile 桩基础：Pile foundation钢筋砼钻孔灌注桩：Reinforced concrete bored pile 3.下部结构: Substructure桩帽：Pile cap钢筋砼桩基承台：Reinforced cement concrete pile cap 桩头：Pile-head 桩式桥台：Pile abutment 桥台:Abutment 台帽：Abutment cap 桥墩：Pier 圆柱：Column墩帽：Pier cap 侧墙(迂回墙)Return wall翼墙：Wing wall 墙：Wall加筋挡土墙：Retaining wall 加筋土挡墙：(Reinforced earth) wall支座垫石：Pedestal支座：Bearing 橡胶支座：elastomeric bearing 背墙：Dirt wall (Back wall)4.上部结构：SuperstructureT梁：T-Girder(Beam) 预制钢筋砼T梁：Precast RCC. T girder横隔板梁：Intermediate girder/Beam边梁:End girder(Beam) 中隔板:Intermediate Cross beam 边隔板：End Cross beam 桥面板：Deck slab现浇板：Cast in situ slab 防撞护栏：Crash barrier (人行道)护栏：Railing; 磨耗层：Wearing coat 实心板Solid slab 空心板：Voided slab预应力Pre-stressing Work；压浆Grouting；现浇预应力箱梁PSC Box Girder钢管栏杆：Pipe handrail 桥头搭板：Approach slab 泄水孔Drainage spouts 收集井：collection pit（2）.涵洞：Culvert 管涵：Pipe culvert 板函：Slab culvert 箱函：Box culvert 倒虹吸：Inverted culvert集水井：Storm water manhole(Catch pit) 检查井：Manhole端墙：Head wall 底板：Bottom slab顶板：Top slab 帽石：Cap 裙墙：Apron 底墙（坡脚墙）：Toe wall截水墙(幕墙)：Curtain wall铺砌：Pitching 砌石护坡：Stone Pitching 干砌石（乱石堆）Rip-rap石墙：Stone masonry wall 护墙(矮墙)Parapet （3）水系：（6）水沟：Drain 边沟：Side Drain 中央水沟：Median Drain 开口沟，明沟：Open drain钢筋砼沟：RCC drain 砌石沟：Masonry drain 石笼：Gabion 石笼铁丝网Gabion mesh河道防护：River training 地下排水沟：Subsoil drain流水面高程(管道内底高程)Invert level二、工艺及其相关检查，视察：Check/Inspect测量：Survey检查申请：RFI. (Request for inspection)开挖：Excavate 换填：Exchange（Replace）填石：Rock fill 石屑 chip；片石；chip stone料石：chipped stone钢筋：Steel bar/Reinforcement箍筋stirrup 弯沟:hook下料;Cut弯曲：bend 绑扎：bind绑丝：binding wire保护层：Cover /protection layer/protection coat 净保护层：Clear cover 保护层垫块：Cover block 焊接：weld( jointing) 焊缝:joint；焊剂welding flux焊条welding rod焊丝welding wire；钢筋下料表：BBS.(Bar bending schedule) 钢筋笼：Reinforcing cage钢筋网：Reinforcing mesh搭接：Lap 钢筋搭接：Splicing of bars钢筋接头:Joint of reinforcement钢筋间距:spacing of bars钢板:steel plate骨架skeleton钢丝刷wire brush螺栓:bolt (钢结构)螺栓连接:bolted connection 模板：Formwork/Shutter木模板：timber formwork 钢模板：Steel Formwork脚手架：Scaffold/ False work/Staying 胶合板:plywood 木楔:chock 模板支设:Erection；模板加固：Fixed form模板拆除Removal of formwork砼：Concrete 钢筋砼：Reinforced concrete 素砼：Plain concrete 片石砼：Rubble concrete 浇注砼：Cast concrete/Placing concrete 砼泵：Concrete pump 砼标号：Concrete grade(Class) 养护：Curing 水下砼用导管：Tremie 砼保护层：Concrete cover 砼拌合站：Concrete mixing plant/Concrete batching plant振动器vibrator;附着式模板振动器：External pneumatic vibrator离析segregation or loss of its constituent materials；溜槽chute； 蜂窝honeycomb spot裂缝crack/fissure；麻面pockmark；露筋reveal of reinforcement；干缩shrinkage 干缩裂缝Contraction crack抗渗砼watertight concrete；坍落度slump；终凝时间final setting time；凝结时间setting time；泵 pump；振动台：Shake table/Vibratory table 振动器vibrator；胶囊：Balloon不均匀沉降non-uniform distribution 沉降缝settlement joint：伸缩缝(接头)Expansion joint(Gap)/ 伸缩缝：Contraction joint 施工缝：Construction joint密封条形伸缩缝Strip Seal expansion joint；水泥 cement 水泥砂浆cement mortar 砂浆mortar石灰：lime；水准仪：Level machine 全站仪：Total station 全球定位系统：GPS. (Global position system)台背回填：Backfill 施工荷载：Construction load 施工图：Working drawing/Working shop 毫米：Millimeter 厘米 Centimeter 米：Meter 公里：Kilometer 桩号：Chainage 英寸：Inch 英尺：Foot 英里：Mile 平方米：Square meter 立方米：Cubic meter 数量：Nos. 吨：Tonne 公斤：Kilogramme 克：Gramme 木钉 peg；铁钉：nail 沥青纸：Tar paper 水泥罐bulk storage containers/silo 锤子：Hammer 钢卷尺steel tape铁锨shovel/spade三、工种：人工：manpower; 工人：workers ；工头，领班：forman/ Worker ganger1.小工（体力劳动者）：Unskilled labour壮工：labour2.技工：Skilled labour焊工weldor钢筋工：Fitter /Steel fixer木工： Carpenter砼工：Concrete gang / Concretor瓦工/砌石工： Stone mason电工：Electrician爆破工：Blaster管工：Rigger/Pipe layer警卫、门卫：Watchman打桩操作手：Piling rig operator小型设备操作手：Light plant operator重型设备操作手：Heavy plant operator下部结构substructure桥墩pier 墩身pier body墩帽pier cap, pier coping台帽abutment cap, abutment coping 盖梁bent cap又称“帽梁”。重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier, shaft pier单柱式桥墩single-columned pier, single shaft pier双柱式桥墩two-columned pier, two shaft pier排架桩墩pile-bent pier丫形桥墩Y-shaped pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier, abutment pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier抗撞墩anti-collision pier锚墩anchor pier辅助墩auxiliary pier破冰体ice apron防震挡块anti-knock block, restrain block桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall又称“胸墙”。翼墙wing wall又称“耳墙”。U形桥台U-abutment八字形桥台flare wing-walled abutment一字形桥台head wall abutmentT形桥台T-abutment箱形桥台box type abutment拱形桥台arched abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterfort abutment, buttressed abutment衡重式桥台weight-balanced abutment锚碇板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台composite abutment桥台后回填back filling behind abutment桥梁基础bridge foundation浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation明挖基础open cut foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation沉井刃脚caisson cutting edge气压沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础colonnade foundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础double-walled steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation墩式基础pier-foundation桩基础pile foundation排架桩基础pile-bent foundation高承台桩基础high-rise platform pile foundation桩pile单桩individual pile, single pile群桩pile group又称“桩群”。斜桩battered pile, raked pile锚桩anchor pile主桩key pile预制桩precast pile钢筋混凝土桩concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile木桩timber pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile混凝土管桩concrete pipe pile钻孔桩bored pile就地灌注桩cast-in-situ pile沉管灌注桩tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile板桩sheet pile微型桩mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩under-reamed pile支挡桩soldier pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile排土桩displacement pile非排土桩non-displacement pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile挖孔桩cast-in-situ pile by excavation打入桩driven pile承台bearing platform, pile cap灌浆截水墙grouted cut-off wall灌浆帷幕grouted curtain地下连续墙continuous slurry wall, diaphragm wall支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing, movable bearing合成橡胶支座elastomeric pad bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氟乙烯支座polytetrafluoroethylene bearing, PTFE bearing铅橡胶支座lead-rubber bearing滚轴支座roller bearing摆式支座rocker bearing平板支座plate bearing球形支座spherical bearing垫块支座pad bearing活动伸缩缝支座sliding expansion bearing伸缩滚轴expansion roller拉压支座tension-compression bearing铰式支座knuckle bearing桥梁设计bridge design桥梁方案设计bridge conceptual design桥梁结构设计bridge structure design桥梁细部设计bridge detail design荷载load实用荷载service load施工荷载construction load开裂荷载cracking load疲劳荷载fatigue load容许荷载allowable load破坏荷载failure load桥梁试运行荷载test run loading for bridge静载static load动载dynamic load活载live load恒载dead load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load非常荷载abnormal load环境荷载environmental load均布荷载uniform load,distributed load等代均布荷载equivalent uniform distributed load集中荷载concentrated load车道荷载lane load人群荷载pedestrian load风荷载wind load地震荷载earthquake load,seismic force又称“地震力”。离心力centrifugal force冲击力impact force制动力braking force船舶撞击力ship collision force土压力earth pressure冰压力ice pressure流水压力flowing water pressure浮力buoyancy下拉荷载downdrag, negative friction of pile又称“桩负摩擦力”。拱推力arch thrust基础隆胀力heave force of foundation临界压曲荷载critical buckling load屈服破坏荷载failure load by buckling荷载组合loading combinations荷载效应load effect标准车辆荷载standard truck loading桥梁容许应力设计allowable stress design of bridge桥梁极限状态设计limit state design of bridge桥梁承载能力极限状态ultimate limit state of bridge carrying capacity桥梁使用能力极限状态serviceability limit state of bridge桥梁荷载系数设计法load factor design method of bridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法probabilistic limit state design method of bridge桥梁优化设计optimum design of bridge桥梁结构可靠度reliability of bridge structure可靠度基准期reliability datum period地震危险性分析seismic risk analysis桥梁抗震设计aseismatic design of bridge桥梁抗震稳定性aseismatic stability of bridge地震基本烈度basic earthquake intensity设计烈度design intensity of earthquake地震震级earthquake magnitude地震加速度seismic acceleration疲劳设计fatigue design桥头回填设计bridge end backfilling design桥梁平面结构plane structure for bridge桥梁空间结构space structure for bridge静定桥梁结构statically determinate bridge structure超静定桥梁结构statically indeterminate bridge structure结构体系转换structure system transform结构完整性structural integrity安全系数safety factor冲击系数impact factor又称“动力系数”。荷载系数load factor膨胀系数coefficient of expansion构件member, element又称“杆件”。节间panel梁腹web又称“腹板”。翼缘flange又称“法兰”。加劲杆stiffener又称“加劲肋”。加劲梁stiffening girder加劲腋haunch又称“梁腋”。托架bracket俗称“牛腿”。结点板gusset plate又称“节点板”。剪力键shear key横系杆lateral bracing风嘴wind fairing伸缩板expansion plate应力集中stress concentration应力腐蚀stress corrosion热应力thermal stress又称“温差应力”。支撑应力bearing stress组合应力combined stress容许应力allowable stress又称“许用应力”。极限应力ultimate stress稳定性stability刚度rigidity, stiffness位移displacement挠度deflection力矩moment, bending moment又称“弯矩”。剪力shear双力矩bi-moment力矩分配法moment distribution method又称“弯矩分配法”。力矩包络线moment envelope剪力分布shear distribution剪力滞后shear lag又称“剪滞”。影响线influence line影响面积influence area压曲buckling又称“压屈”。扭曲distortion又称“畸变”。翘曲warp颤振flutter驰振galloping抖振buffeting又称“击振”。涡流效应vortex shedding effect风致摆动wind induced oscillation挠度横向分布transverse distribution of deflection荷载横向分布transverse distribution of load杠杆原理法lever principle method偏心受压法eccentric compression method刚性横梁法rigid cross beam method铰接梁法hinge connected beam method刚接梁法rigid connected beam method弹性梁支承法elastic supported beam method准正交各向异性板法quasi-orthotropic slab methodG M 法Guyon-Massonet method抗风稳定性wind resisting stability空气动力稳定性aerodynamic stability风压分布图wind pressure distribution graph临界风速critical wind speed温度梯度thermal gradient温差temperature difference年均温差annual mean temperature difference连拱作用continuous arch effect土-结构共同作用soil-structure interaction桥梁承载能力load carrying capacity of bridge桥梁耐久性bridge durability地基承载力bearing capacity of subsoil单桩承载力bearing capacity of pile抗裂性crack resistance裂缝控制crack control裂缝宽度限值limit of crack opening裂缝分布图crack pattern疲劳限度fatigue limit磨损限值wear allowance又称“容许磨耗”。使用状态挠度限值deflection limit for serviceability结构延展性structure ductility桥梁破损bridge failure桥梁破坏bridge collapse毁灭性破坏catastrophic collapse钢筋锈蚀steel-bar corrosion桥梁计算机辅助设计computer aided design for bridge, CAD for bridge格构比拟grillage analogy预应力度degree of prestressing全预应力混凝土fully prestressed concrete部分预应力混凝土partially prestressed concrete有限预应力混凝土limited prestressed concreteA类部分预应力混凝土type A partially prestressed concreteB类部分预应力混凝土type B partially prestressed concrete体内预应力prestressing with bond体外预应力external prestressing预弯法预应力prestressing without tendon by pre-bending复传力法预应力prestressing by subsequent bond压拉双作用预应力prestressing with subsequent compression and tension后张自锚法预应力self-anchored post tensioning prestressing双向预应力two-dimension prestressing三向预应力three-dimension prestressing非预应力钢筋non-prestressed reinforcement粘结的预应力筋bonded tendon消除粘结的预应力筋debonded tendon无粘结的预应力筋non-bonded tendon预应力损失loss of prestress管道摩擦损失loss due to duct friction锚具变形损失loss due to anchorage deformation锚具温差损失loss due to anchorage temperature difference混凝土收缩损失loss due to concrete shrinkage混凝土弹性压缩损失loss due to elastic compression of concrete混凝土徐变损失creep loss of concrete钢筋预应力松弛损失loss due to tendon relaxation杆件缩短损失loss due to concrete member shortening杆件弯曲损失loss due to bending of concrete member锚具anchor