英国文学史及选读中文版刘炳善.doc

英语专业英国文学复习要点教材名称：英国文学史 主编：刘炳善 出版社：上海外语教育出版社第一章 古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。最早的文学形式是诗歌， 以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人。到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗贝奥武夫，用头韵体写成。2、古英语时期（10661500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中高文爵士和绿衣骑士代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟，代表作是坎特伯雷故事集，取得了很高的艺术成就。他首创了诗歌的双韵体每两行压韵的五步抑扬格，后被许多英国诗人采用。乔叟用伦敦方言写作，奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础，促进了英语语言文学的发展。第二章 文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利，后遍及欧洲各国，在英国兴起较晚。“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊，罗马文学艺术的复苏，但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想，表现为尊重人的尊严和力量，关注现世生活，鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建，反教会的思想和要求。文艺复兴运动的思想家，人文主义者是托马斯莫尔（Thomas More），他的作品乌托邦描绘了一个理想的未来社会，他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展，在诗歌，散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。诗歌方面，新的诗体形式如十四行诗，无韵体诗被介绍到英国。重要的诗人有Philip Sidney，他不仅写了许多优美的十四行诗，还创作了最早的诗歌理论作品之一诗辩。Edmund Spenser用斯宾塞诗节创作了著名长诗仙后。莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人，著有两部叙事诗，两部长诗和154首十四行诗。英文的圣经钦定本作成于1611年，不仅具有重大的宗教意义，也是一部伟大的文学作品，并且对英国的语言文化产生了深远的影响。它的纯朴，平易，明晰的散文风格奠定了英国散文的传统。一个著名的哲学家兼散文家是Francis Bacon，他的文学著作主要有随笔，收录了他在各个时期发表的58篇随笔，思想深刻，文笔简洁，富有警句格言。3. 戏剧代表文艺复兴时期英国文学的最高成就。主要戏剧家有马洛（Christopher Marlowe）, 莎士比亚（W. Shakespeare）。4. 分析莎士比亚的喜剧作品威尼斯商人中鲍西亚这一人物形象；分析哈姆雷特的人物性格特点及其所代表的人文主义思想。第三章 17世纪的英国文学1 17世纪是英国社会剧烈动荡的时期之一，由于君主专制和资产阶级之间的矛盾，爆发了1642年的内战并导致了1688年的“光荣革命”。与政治斗争和资产阶级革命思想紧密相连的是宗教斗争和清教徒思想。因此这一时期的文学和艺术多展示革命思想的发展与成长，并带有浓厚的清教主义倾向。两个代表作家是弥尔顿和班扬。弥尔顿的代表作失乐园和班扬的代表作天路历程都取材于圣经。天路历程是一部寓言作品，用“基督徒”到达天国的历程象征人类追求美好未来的进程。2 讲述失乐园的故事梗概，分析撒旦的形象及其所表现的作者思想的双重性。第四章 18世纪的英国文学1 18世纪产生了一种进步思潮启蒙运动，这一时期的思想家和作家们崇尚理性，认为启蒙教化是改造社会的基本手段，因此18世纪又被称为“理性的时代”。在文学领域体现为18世纪上半期的新古典主义，代表作家有诗人蒲伯（A. Pope）和期刊随笔的创始人斯梯尔(R.Steele)和艾迪生(J.Addison)。2 18中期兴起了英国现代小说，出现了大批有影响的小说家。理查逊(Samuel Richardson)的小说帕美拉(Pamela)采用书信体形式对人物的心理活动进行细致的描写，大大丰富了小说的创作方法。哥尔德史密斯(Oliver Goldsmith)的威克菲牧师传(The Vicar of Wakefield)是英国文学史上著名的感伤小说之一。劳伦斯斯特恩(Laurence Sterne)打破传统的叙事方法，创作了项迪传，而被认为是英国现代派文学的先驱。3 迪福（Daniel Defoe）是英国文学史上第一个现实主义小说家，代表作是鲁滨逊漂流记。讲述故事情节并分析鲁滨逊这一人物形象。4 斯威夫特是英国文学史上著名的讽刺小说家，以犀利的文笔对教会和社会的虚伪腐败进行了辛辣的讽刺。代表作是格列佛游记，讲述故事情节并分析作品的主题。5 菲尔丁是英国最杰出的小说家之一，在理论与实践上都为英国小说的发展作出了贡献。在他的代表作汤姆琼斯中，他塑造了众多栩栩如生的人物，展示了错综复杂的社会矛盾。讲述故事情节，分析主题和主要人物形象第五章 19世纪的英国文学19世纪英国文学主要包括上半期的浪漫主义时期和中后期的批判现实主义小说。1 布来克和罗伯特彭斯属于前浪漫主义诗人。布来克的代表作品有天真之歌和经验之歌。彭斯是著名的苏格兰民族诗人，写了很多脍炙人口的歌颂友谊，爱情，自由，平等的诗歌，其中一朵红红的玫瑰广为流传。2 浪漫主义全盛时期以华滋华斯与柯律维治联合发表抒情歌谣集为开始，到瓦尔特斯各特的逝世为止，主要文学成就为诗歌，涌现了华滋华斯为代表的“湖畔派”诗人和拜伦，雪莱，济慈等富有革命理想，颂扬自由与解放的诗人。3 以抒情歌谣集序言为例，分析总结浪漫主义诗歌的艺术特点与原则。4 讲述被缚的普罗米修斯的故事情节并分析主题思想。5 19世纪中后期的批判现实主义作家真实地描写了英国资产阶级的社会生活，暴露和批判了资产阶级社会的罪恶，对人民群众寄予了深刻的同情。狄更斯是英国最杰出的批判现实主义小说家，善于描写社会底层人们的生活和思想，作品题材广泛，思想深刻；萨克雷则善于描写上层社会形形色色的人物。6 概述Oliver Twist的故事情节并分析主题思想。7 概述名利场的故事梗概，分析主题思想并对比两个主要的女性人物形象。8 批判现实主义女性小说家及她们的代表作品：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell, George Eliot。分析简爱这一人物形象并分析小说的主题思想。9 托马斯哈代是19世纪末20世纪初英国最伟大的现实主义小说家，他称自己的作品是“性格与环境的小说”。代表作品是德伯家的苔丝。概述故事情节并分析主题思想。第六章 20世纪的现代派作家人们对西方文明的危机感和第二次世界大战的恶果促成了西方现代派文学的形成。主要表现为意识流小说，代表作家有詹姆斯乔伊斯和弗洁尼亚沃尔夫。乔伊斯的小说尤利西斯描写的是现代都市居民庸俗，猥琐的精神生活。弗洁尼亚的到灯塔去则运用了娴熟的象征手法和意识流技巧。Old English and middle English1, the Old English British national refers to the period of the English language and the formation period. The earliest form of literature, poetry, orally, the poets main bard. To the spread of Christianity to Britain, some poems was recorded. This period of literature is the most important of the British national epic Beowulf, written by head blank.2, the Old English period (from) - 1500 1066 the normans conquered England in 1066, to 1,500 years around London dialect become accepted modern English. Literature is the main form of legend, folk songs and poems knight. In a group of British knight legend of the subject is king Arthur and his knights adventure stories, including the GaoWen jazz and green knight rider represents the highest achievement legend. In the middle of a literary ballad, most excellent representative is included in the singing folk hero Robin Hood scholarships-from green.3 and the most important poet is called the father of English poetry is the masterpiece of Chaucer, the Canterbury tales, achieved high artistic achievement. He created the double blank poetry - every two lines of rhyme, after five steps to raise many British poet USES. Chaucer, with London dialect writing in English language laid the foundation of the literary creation, and promote the development of the English language and literature.The Renaissance1 the Renaissance movement originated from the 14th century Italy, after all, in Britain throughout Europe up late. The Renaissance original Greek, Roman refers to the recovery of literature and art, but in fact is not simple to literature and art of ancient Rome imitation. The core of the Renaissance humanism, performance is to respect peoples dignity and strength, pay attention to the real life, encourage people to pursue happiness in life. Is representative of the bourgeoisie, the church of the feudal ideology and requirements. Renaissance humanists thinker, is Thomas More (Thomas More), his works utopia represents an ideal future society, so he is believed to be the forerunner of utopian socialism.2 the Renaissance English literature developed in poetry, prose, and especially prosperity.The poetry, the new poetic forms such as sonnets, without rhyme verse was introduced to Britain. The poet has Philip Sidney is important, he wrote many beautiful sonnets, also created one of the earliest poetry theory works of the argument. Edmund Spenser with spencer verses poems created after the famous . Shakespeares drama creation but also a great poet, besides two poems, two epic and 154 sonnets.English ersion of the bible in 1611, not only made great religious significance, but also a great literary works, and the British language culture has exerted great influence. Its simple, easy and clear prose style laid the traditional British prose. A famous philosopher and Francis Bacon, he is essayist of literary works, the essay mainly included in each time he published articles, essays, 58, the style is concise, and profound thought rich expression motto.3 drama represents the Renaissance of the highest achievement of English literature. Main Christopher Marlowe has Marlowe (dramatist Shakespeare (W), Shakespeare).4. Analysis of Shakespeares the merchant of Venice comedy works in this figure Portia, Analysis of Hamlet character characteristic and represents the humanism.In the 17th century British literatureThe 17th century British society is one of the severe turbulence, because of the autocratic monarchy and the bourgeoisie, the conflict between the civil war broke out in 1642, and resulted in the glorious revolution of 1688. , And the political struggle and the bourgeois revolution ideology is closely connected with the thoughts of religious struggle. This period of literature and art show more thought development and growth, and has a strong Puritan tendencies. Two representative writer is Milton and class. Miltons masterpiece paradise and Yangs masterpiece is TianLu process based on the bible . TianLu is an allegory of works, with Christian to the kingdom of the bright future of mankind pursues symbol.Tells the story of paradise, analysis of the image and satan performance of the dualism of the author thought.The 18th century British literatureThe 18th century produced a kind of progress trend - the enlightenment of this period, the authors advocate thinkers and rational thought enlightenment education reform, the basic method of society is the 18th century, so called rational era. In the field of literature embodied in the eighteenth century neoclassicism, representative writers have poet PuBo (a. Pope) and founder of essays, ladder journal (teele R.S ddison J.A (Addison) and).The rise of modern mid 18th British fiction, a lot of infl