中考英语总复习 动词不定式 PPT课件

,中考复习系列动词不定式用法归纳,概说动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆,动词不定式的主要用法一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。,三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语宾语表语定语状语宾补,主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:Togoinforsportshelpsyoustayfit.Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.,返回,注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind，nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。,例:Itsrightofhimtorefusetheinvitation.(him为逻辑主语)点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了直接作主语外，常放在:Itisadj(形容词)todosth.或Itisn(名词)todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。,动词宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle类似用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide,agree,love,like,hate,prefer等。,Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：,stoptodosth.:停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事。例如：Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking；当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话；whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。,2)思考:forget,remember,goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？点击规律：在findfeelitadjtodosth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。,返回,如：ThemandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上页的stop例句。,表语放在连系动词be后面例句:HiswishistobecomeascientistOurdutyistoprotecttheenvironment.Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldierslives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.IhavealotofworktodoThedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。,返回,提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：IhaveasmallbedroomtoliveinHaveyougotsomepenstowritewith？,作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如：IcometoseeyouHerunsfastinordertogetthereintimeTheybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookat,返回,b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语）如：IamgladtoseeyouhereIamsorrytotroubleyou,c.作结果状语。如:SomeoftheapplesarehardtoreachTheroomislargeenoughtohold1000people,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:IaskedafriendtoreadittomeItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite,返回,(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,make,let,have,observe,notice,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursadayIheardhersinginthenextroom,提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybythebossShewasheardtosinginthenextroom,“疑问词不定式”用法不定式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidnttellmewheretogo.(直宾)Idontknowwhattosaynow.(宾语)Idontknowwhattodonext.(宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer(宾语补足语),返回,Itsstillaquestionhowtogetthere(主语)在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.,根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Itstimeforus_(have)supper2.Wouldyoulike_(go)shoppingwithme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_(work)outtheproblem,togo主语,togo宾语,towork主语,4.Heisoldenough_(join)thearmy5.Ifeelstrange_(have)atwinsister6.Iamveryglad_(meet)youhere7Theyprefer_(stay)athomeratherthangoout,tojoin结果状语,tohave形容词补足语(原),tomeet形容词补足语(原),tostay宾语,8.Wesawthem_(come)intotheroomjustnow9.Whathesaidmademe_(feel)sorry10.IamsorryIforgot_(tell)youthenews11.Hisplanis_(spend)afewdaysinthemountains,tocome宾补,tofeel宾补,tote