第二册2课新概念笔记.doc

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?一单词讲解New words and expressions until prep. 直到outside adv. 外面ring （rang rung） v. （铃、电话等）响aunt n. 姑、姨、婶、舅妈repeat v. 重复 1. until prep. 直到。时候till 直到（多用于口语）eg. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时候我一直躺倒吃午饭的时间。 The street is full of cars from morning till/to night. 这条街上从早到晚的挤满了车辆。conj. 直到。时候（后面加句子）eg. I stayed in bed until he woke me up. 直到他把我叫醒我一直躺在床上。 I didnt get up until he woke me up. 直到他把我叫醒我才起床。until 主句中动词为延续性动词时用untilnotuntil 主句中动词为非延续性动词时用 notuntileg. I will wait for you until you come back. 我会一直等到你回来。 I wont leave until you come back. 直到你回来我是不会走的。eg. We stayed until the rain stopped. 我们一直等到雨停为止。 We didnt start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停了我们才出发。2.outside n./adj./adv./prep.1) n. 外部；外观eg. the outside of the house 房子的外面2) adj. 外面的，外部的；外来的eg. an outside toilet 户外的厕所 toilet tlt n. 厕所，盥洗室；梳妆，打扮outside help 外来的帮助3）adv. 在外面，向外面；在室外eg. It was dark outside. 外面很黑。 Please wait outside. 请在外面等候。 Dont go outside because its too cold. 不要出去因为太冷了。4）prep. 在范围之外eg. Its outside my business. 这不关我的事。反义词：inside n./adj./adv./prep.3. ring 1) n. 环状物，（尤指）戒指 a wedding ring 婚戒 a diamond ring 钻戒 a gold ring 金戒指 dark rings around her eyes 黑眼圈 ring-road 环状公路 ring finger 无名指 大拇指：thumb m 食指：index finger; the first finger; pointer Index ndks 食指,示指，指标；指数；索引；指针ginger dnd n. 姜；姜黄色；精力；有姜味中指：middle finger; the second finger; 无名指：ring finger; the third ginger小拇指：little finger; pinkie pkhave a ring on the middle finger （engaged ngedd订婚）have a ring on the third finger (married mrd已婚)2）v. (铃，电话等)响 ring rang rung eg. The door bell rang just now. 刚刚门铃响了。 I rang the bell. 我按响了门铃。 Will you answer the phone when it rings? 电话响的时候你去接电话好吗？3）v. (=U.S. call) 打电话 ring sb (up) 给某人打电话 =call sb (up) = phone sb = telephone sb give sb a phone call eg. Ill ring you later. 我会晚点给你打电话。ring off: put down the receiver; hang off 挂断电话receiver rsivn. 接收器；接受者；收信机eg. He rang off before I could explain. 我还没解释他就挂断电话了。4.aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母uncle 叔叔，舅舅，姨父，姑父brother sister nephew nfju侄子，外甥 niece nis 侄女，外甥女 cousin kzn 堂（表）兄弟姐妹eg. a country cousin （贬） 乡下人，乡巴佬5.repeat v. （say or write again, more than once） 重复说，或写某事物，反复重申eg. “Im having breakfast,”I repeated. 我重复说：“我正在吃早饭呢。”eg. I repeated the question several times. 这个问题我重复了好几遍了。eg. Am I repeating myself? 我以前说过这件事情吗？repetition rptn n. 重复，反复，重说，重写learn by repetition 通过反复学习 二关键句型Key structures一般现在时和现在进行时的用法-一般现在时动词构成：谓语动词使用动词原形；系动词为am, is, are 的形式。 主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需有变化： 1）直接加 “s”； gives takes asks 2）以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”； carry carries 3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh,”结尾的动词加“es”。 goes dresses watches brushes功能：1）表达习惯性，规律性的动作 eg. I never get up early on Sundays. 星期天我从来都不早起。 I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时候我一直躺倒吃午饭的时间。 2）表达现在的事实状态或动作 eg. We all like football. 我们都喜欢足球。 Birds fly. 鸟会飞。 This picture is of great value. 这幅画具有极大的价值。value. vljun. 值；价值； 3）表达客观真理，格言警句或事实 eg. The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 Two and two makes four. 二加二等于四。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。经常搭配的副词：often sometimes usually seldom sldm adv很少不常 every year always occasionally okenli adv. 偶尔；间或 frequently frikwntli adv. 频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次rarely rrliadv. 很少地；难得；罕有地 副词的位置：通常放在实义动词之前，助动词之后。eg. He doesnt always come by train. 他不总是坐火车来。 Do you ever read in bed? 你在床上躺着看过书吗？ I never like jazz. 我从来都不喜欢爵士乐。jazz. dz n. 爵士乐 He rarely gets up before 10 oclock. 在10点之前他很少起床。 We frequently have lunch at this restaurant. 我们总在这家餐馆吃饭。-现在进行时构成：am / is /are + doing功能：表示现在，目前正在做某事，正在进行的动作。eg. It is raining. 正在下雨。 I am still having breakfast. 我正在吃早饭。 What are you doing? 你干吗呢？ We are enjoying our lunch. 我们正在享用午餐。表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 eg. We are studying English this summer. 今年夏天我们在学英语。He is taking physics this semester. 这一学期他正在学物理。physics fzks n. 物理学；物理现象 semester. smst n. 学期；半年可用进行时态来表示即将开始的动作 go come leave arrive land meet die start return join eg. I am coming to see you. 我就来看你了。 The bus is coming. 公共汽车就要来了。 The plane is leaving for Shanghai. 飞机就要飞往上海了。 The old man is very ill and he is dying. 这个老人病的非常严重，他现在就快要死了。有些副词用在进行时中间，表示说话人带有感情色彩，如赞赏，厌恶等。always forever fvadv. 永远；不断地；常常 continually kntnjli adv. 不断地；频繁地constantly knstntliadv. 不断地；时常地eg. He is always lying. 他总是在说谎。You are constantly complaining. 你总是在抱怨。complain kmplen vt. 抱怨；控诉The girl is always thinking of others. 这个女孩总是考虑别人。The naughty boy is continually making noises. 这个淘气的孩子总是在制造噪音。naughty ntiadj. 顽皮的，淘气的；下列表示状态，感觉，情绪，精神活动的动词不用于进行时态。用一般现在时。believe doubt dat v. 怀疑；不信see hear know understand belong to bl vi. 属于，应归入 think consider knsd vi. 考虑 feel look seem sim vi. 似乎； show mind have sound taste require rkwar vt. 需要；要求；命令possess pzs vt. 控制；使掌握；持有care like hate love detest dtst vt. 厌恶；憎恨 desire dza vi. 渴望现在进行时通常搭配以下副词now at present 现在 at this time these days -Exercise A1I am looking out of my window. I can see some children in the street. The children _ (play) football. They always _ (play) football in the street. Now a little boy _ (kick) the ball. Anther boy _ (run) after him but he cannot catch him.are playing play is kicking is running 2I carried my bags into the hall.“What you _ (do)?” my landlady asked. landlady lndledin. 女房东；女地主；女店主“I _ (leave), Mrs. Lynch,” I answered. Lynch ln(t)人名；(法)兰什；(英、德、西)林奇 “Why you _ (leave)?” she asked. “You have been here only a week.” “A week is too long, Mrs. Lynch,” I said. “There are too many rules in this house. My friends never _ (come) to visit me. Dinner is always at seven oclock, so I frequently _ (go) to bed hungry. You dont like noise, so I rarely _ (listen) to the radio. The heating doesnt work, so I always _ (feel) cold. This is a terrible place for a man like me. Goodbye, Mrs. Lynch.” heating hit暖气设备are you doing am leaving are you leaving come go listen feel -Exercise BMy friends never come to visit me.I frequently go to bed hungry.I rarely listen to the radio.I always feel cold.I never get up early on Sundays.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.She answers my letters. (rarely)She rarely answers my letters.We work after six oclock. (never)We never work after six oclock.The shops close on Saturday afternoons. (always)The shops always close on Saturday afternoons. Do you go to work by car? (always)Do you always go to work by car?Our teacher collects our exercise books. (frequently)Our teacher frequently collects our exercise books.We spend our holidays abroad. (sometimes)We sometimes spend holidays abroad.7I buy CDs. (often) I often buy CDs.8Do you buy CDs? (ever) Do you ever buy CDs?三课文讲解TextIt was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. “What a day!” I thought. “Its raining again.” Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. “Ive just arrived by train,” she said. “Im coming to see you.”“But Im still having breakfast,” I said.“What are you doing?” she asked.“Im having breakfast,” I repeated.“Dear me,” she said. “Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock!”1. It was Sunday. 过去式 那是个星期天。 2. I never get up early on Sundays. 星期天我从来不早起。 never 从未，未曾，永不 eg. I have never been abroad. 我从没出过国。eg. Would you do that? Never.eg. I never get up before 10 oclock in mornings. 我从不在早上10前起床。eg. Never fear. 别害怕。 fear. fr vt. 害怕；敬畏；为担心Never give up. 永不放弃。 Never say die. 永不言败。Never lose heart. 绝不要灰心丧气。early adj. / adv. an early morning 一大早 eg. The early bird catches the worm. wm 早起的鸟能捉到虫。 捷足先登。 eg. I got up early this morning. 今天早晨我起得很早。3. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时候我一直躺到吃午饭的时间。stay in bed 躺在床上stay at home 呆在家里sometimes 有时候 some times 几次，几倍 some time 一段时间 sometime 将来或过去的某个时候eg. I will be somebody sometime in the future. 总有一天我将是个大人物。4. Last Sunday I got up very late. get up 起床 go to bed 睡觉 fall asleep/go to sleep 睡着了 late adj. /adv. 晚eg. Im sorry for being late. 对不起我迟到了。 adj. I got up very late. 我起床起得很晚。 adv. stay up late 熬夜，醒着，不去睡lately:= recently risntli 最近eg. Have you been abroad lately? 你最近出过国吗？ I bought a new car lately. 最近我买了辆新车。Lately 通常放在现在完成时和一般过去时中。5. I looked out of the window. look out of 向。外看look out of the window 向窗外看look out of the door 向门外看look into 1向。里看look into the box 向盒子里面看2 调查，分析eg. The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查这个案件。look out! 小心，当心 eg. Look out! The car nearly knocked you over. 当心！这个车差点撞到你。6. It was dark outside. “What a day!” I thought. What a day! 感叹句 What a terrible day! What a wonderful day! 天气多好啊！What a lovely day!What a beautiful day!7. “Its raining again.” Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then=at that moment 就在那一刻 It 虚主语，无法确定是男性还是女性的时候用it 来代替。8. “Ive just arrived by train,” she said. by train 坐火车 by bus by plane/by air by ship/by sea/by water by car on foot eg. I came here on foot. (I walked here.) 我走路来的。 eg. We got into the mountain on horseback. 我们骑马上山。 take a train 乘坐火车 take a bus/take a car take a plane take a ship 表示交通方式的时候用 by 直接加交通工具，不加冠词 强调动作本身，用take加冠词，在加工具本身。 eg. In order to go to school on time, I took a taxi. 为了准时上学去，我打了一辆车。9. “Im coming to see you.” 我就来看你了。 用进行时表示将来时。10. “But Im still having breakfast,” I said. have breakfast have lunch have supper have dinner have a meal 吃一顿饭 “What are you doing?” she asked. “Im having breakfast.” I repeated.11. “Dear me.” She said. “Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock!”Dear me! 天哪！ Oh my god! Good heavens! hvnn. 天空 Goodness me! dns int. 天哪It 做虚主语 It was Sunday. It was my aunt Lucy. It was dark outside. Its one oclock! It做虚主语可以表达 Its one oclock. (时间) Its cold in winter. (气候) Its only me. (人) Its a long way from here. (距离) Its very dirty here. (环境)Special Difficulties-感叹句英文中表达感叹句可以用What引导，也可以用 How引导。 What + a/an + adj. + n. +主+谓！ eg. What a terrible day (it is)! 天气是多么糟糕！ How + adj. + a/an + n. +主+谓！ eg. How terrible a day (it is)!what 修饰的中心词是名词，how修饰的中心词是形容词副词本身，eg. This is a wonderful garden!What a wonderful garden this is!How wonderful a garden this is!eg. This is a surprise! 这是一个惊喜！What a surprise this is! 没有形容词和副词不可能用how来引导eg. He is causing a lot of trouble! 他正在导致许多麻烦！ What a lot of trouble he is causing!eg. They are wonderful actors! 他们是极棒的演员！ What wonderful actors they are! 复数名词，通常情况用what来引导。 eg. She is a hard-working woman! What a hard-working woman she is!=How hard-working a woman she is! eg. It is a tall building! 这是一栋高楼 What a tall building it is!=How tall a building it is! eg. Its a terrible film! 这是一部很糟糕的电影。 What a terrible film it is!= How terrible a film it is! eg. You are a clever boy! 你是个聪明的孩子！ What a clever boy it is!= How clever a boy it is! eg. She is a pretty girl! 她是个漂亮的女孩子！ What a pretty girl she is!=How pretty a girl she is! eg. He is a strange guy! 他是个奇怪的家伙！ What a strange guy he is!=How strange a guy he is! eg. She is a lovely girl! 她是个可爱的女孩！ What a lovely girl she is!=How lovely a girl she is! eg. This is an interesting play! 这是一部有趣的戏！ What an interesting play this is!=How interesting a play this is! eg. He is a rude fellow! 他是个粗鲁的家伙！ What a rude fellow he is!=How rude a fellow he is! eg. She is an amusing girl! 她是个有趣的女孩！ What an amusing girl she is!= How amusing a girl she is