第八章标书翻译.doc

第八章 标书翻译1标书文件特点1.1条理性标书文件像合同一样大多采用纲目、条款或细则等体例，因此要求条理十分清晰。标书文件一般包括投标者须知、投标文件、投标准备、开标评标和授标五个纲目，每一个纲目又有相应条款组成，比如授标包括授标标准、业主的权利、授标通知、签订合同、履约保函等一系列条款，同时，每一条款又含有具体细则说明。1.2规范性。标书文件文体要求用词规范，不管是英语还是汉语，都要求正式的语言。例如：履约保函 Performance Security英文：Within 28 days of receipt of the Letter of Acceptance, the successful tenderer shall furnish to the Employer a security for the due performance of the Contract, in accordance with the Conditions of Contract. The form of performance security provided in the tender documents may be used, or some other form acceptable to the Employer.中文：在收到接受证书后天内，成功投标者应按合同条款向业主提交一份保函，保证将执行合同。保函可以使用投标文件中提供的格式，也可使用其他业主接受的格式。2标书文件翻译要点2.1术语专业在招标文件中有大量的专业术语，这些专业术语近似于行话，尽管具有国际通用性，有明确的特定含义，但一般辞书中往往查不到，不了解招投标业务的人很难准确地理解和翻译。如：采购 Procurement 投标资格预审 Pre-qualification投标资格预审文件 Pre-qualification documents 投标资格后审 Post-qualify标前会Pre-bid meeting 招标文件Bidding Documents 投标邀请函 Invitation For Bids谈判采购Negotiating Bids 联营体Joint Venture例1投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的外贸投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。价格表（表中项目除价格数字外都要填写）及报价说明三份（一正二副）和投标人银行保函应分别单独密封，随投标文件一同递交。译文：Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents.原文中术语“外贸投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表”分别译为“the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation.” 2.2 措词精当如同所有的法规性文件一样，招投标文件在情态动词的选用上特别慎重：shall、will、should、may、must各司其职，翻译时不可混淆。在招标采购过程中，招标方处于居高临下的地位，在对投标人提出要求时总倾向于使用带有强制性含义，翻译时应该用shall或must。显然此shall并不是单纯表示未来的助动词，而是表示命令的情态动词：应该。例2投标人必须就技术说明做出承诺，保证技术可行或有效。译文：Bidders shall state the guaranteed performance or efficiency in response to the technical specification. 例3投标人应将满足设备正常运行的推荐性三年备品配件单独列出并报出单价。译文：Tenderers shall list separately parts and components that satisfy the recommended three years normal operation, and quote their prices. 例4采购方在适当时可以全部或部分终止合同，但必须向供货方发出书面通知。译文：The Purchaser, by written notice sent to the Supplier, may terminate the Contract, in whole or in part, at any time for its convenience. 2.3 文体正规招投标文件文体属正规文体，倾向于使用一些书面用词，甚至不惜使用一些冷僻古旧用词，以体现其庄重严肃。随便翻开一本招投标文件就会发现这一特点。2.3.1繁复短语代替简单介、连词不论是合同还是标书文件，习惯用繁复短语代替简单的介词或连词。如 in the nature of 代替 like along the lines of 代替like例5合同实施或与合同有关的一切争端应通过双方协商解决。如果协商开始后60天还不能解决，争端应提交仲裁。译文：Both parties shall aim to settle any disputes concerning the Contract or the execution of the Contract through consultation. In case any dispute cannot be settled within 60 days after the consultation begins, it shall be brought to arbitration. 例6若有分歧，原件为准。译文：In the event of any discrepancy between them, the Original shall govern. 例7投标文件还包括按条款八在开标前发布的附件和按条款十六召开的标前会议的会议纪要。译文：Tender documents shall include any addenda issued prior to the closing date of tenders in accordance with Clause 8 and any minutes of pre-tender meetings issued in accordance with Clause 16 of these Instructions to Tenderers.2.3.2笨重动词代替轻灵动词例8中标人的投标保证金，在中标人按本须知第34条规定签订合同并按本须知第35条规定交纳了履约保证金后予以退还。译文：The tender bond of the successful tenderer will be returned after the tenderer signs the Contract according to Clause 34 of the Notice and submits the performance bond according to Clause 35 of the Notice. 例9买方可在任何时候出于自身的便利向卖方发出书面通知全部或部分终止合同，终止通知应明确该终止合同是出于买方的便利，并明确合同终止的程度，以及终止的生效日期。Buyer may send a written notice to Seller at any time for its own convenience to terminate all or part of the Contract. The termination notice shall indicate clearly that it is for Buyers convenience that the Contract is terminated, the scale to which the Contract is terminated, as well as the effective date of the termination.2.3.3大量使用(here-, there-)复合词例10外币与当地货币需求及附录中详细说明需要的外币和当地货币数量。投标者应说明如何使用这些货币，用于但不限于下列方面：译文：Foreign Currency and Local Currency Requirements, and the annex thereto, Tenderers shall describe the manner in which such foreign and local currencies are expected to be used, relating specifically, but not limited to: 例11应一律使用本文件卷三中的表格，工程量表和目录表。（除了按同样格式延长目录表和按条款十四（二）的规定使用可供选择的投标保证书格式）译文：The Forms, Bill of Quantities and Schedules provided in Volume 3 of these documents shall be used without exception (subject to extensions of the Schedules in the same format, and to the provisions of Clause 14.2 hereof regarding the alternative forms of tender security).2.3.4有意识地使用抽象名词代替动词在翻译中文动作意义较强的动词时，一般采用动词对应的名词表达。如用his inaction代替he didnt take action，用his signature in my presence代替He wrote down his name before me.例13投标保证金是为了保护招标机构和买方免遭因投标人的行为而蒙受损失。招标机构和买方在因投标人的行为受到损害时可根据本须知第15.7条的规定没收投标人的投标保证金。Tender bond is designed to protect Tenderee and Buyer from losses because of any actions of tenderers. In case Tenderee and Buyer suffer any losses because of any actions of tenderers, the tender bond will be confiscated according to Clause 15.7 of the Notice.2.3.5不要用口语化的词表“将来”一般不用be going to do或be about to do，而要用shall或will；表“批准”不用allow，而用approve或permit。例14对卖方在收到终止通知后三十(30)天内已完成并准备装运的货物，买方应按原合同价格和条款予以接收。译文：Buyer shall receive according to the original contract price and terms goods that Seller has completed and prepared for shipping within thirty (30) days after it receives the termination notice.2.4 结构严谨招投标文件既属法律文件，又是科技文件，思维缜密，结构严谨，相应地，复杂冗长的句子充斥其中，理解和翻译起来很费力。在处理这些冗长句子时最好的解决办法就是将这些冗长复杂的句子在适当关节处切开，分解为意念完整的组件，让每个意念单独成句，然后按照从普遍到特殊，从主要到次要的顺序对各个组件重新排列组合，先叙述要点，再补充细节，最后提示可能发生的误解。例15无论是在工程执行过程中，还是在工程完成以后，也无论是在放弃合同或其它终止合同之前或者之后，如果业主与承包商之间出现任何与合同或工程执行有关的或因合同或工程执行而引发的争端，包括任何一方对工程师的任何行动，不行动，意见，指示，决定，证书或评价所产生的异议，那么该争端应首先提交争端审核委员会。If, whether during the execution of the works or after their completion and whether before or after the repudiation or other termination of the contract, between the Employer and the Contractor arises any dispute in connection with, or arising out of the Contract or the execution of the works, including any disagreement by either party with any action, inaction, opinion, instruction, determination, certificate or valuation of the Engineer, the matter shall, in the first place, be referred to the Disputes Review Board.2.5语意明确在标书文件翻译过程中，细微的失误可引起意义上的重大变化，为今后的纠纷埋下隐患，不可小视。最常见的失误表现在逗号的使用，or、and和etc.的区分上。滥用逗号常常会使限定性修饰成分变成非限定性修饰成分，从而部分或完全地改变句子意思。反之亦然。例16对于投标人任何情况改变，以及递交的投标资格预审申请材料的和投标资料的任何变化，投标人必须及时更新，进而满足投标资格预审文件所规定的最低标准。Bidders shall update any information which has changed and which was submitted with their applications for prequalification, and update in any case the information indicated in the Bidding Data Sheet, and continue to meet the minimum threshold criteria set out in the Prequalification Documents. 例17能提供先进制造技术和制造工艺，生产新产品及促进本市新能源开发和利用的项目可享受优惠待遇。译文：Those projects capable of providing advanced manufacture technique and production technology, manufacturing new products or promoting the development and utilization of new energy for Shanghai are entitled to preferential treatments.可享受优惠待遇的项目是指只须满足三个条件（提供技术和工艺，生产新产品，促进能源开发和利用）中的任一个或任一个以上即可，并非是说须同时满足三个条件。汉语中虽然使用了“及”字，表面上似乎和英语中的“and”相对应，实质上译为英语中的“or”也许更合适。 例18专有技术许可合同是指提供或传授未公开过，未取得工业产权法律保护的，制造某种产品或者应用某项工艺以及产品设计，工艺流程，配方，质量控制和管理等方面的技术知识的合同。This type of contract refers to a contract which involves providing or imparting technical knowledge on the manufacturing of a certain product or the use of a certain area of knowledge, as well as information on product design, technological processes, formulas, quality control, management skills, or others, and which has yet to be made public and has yet to receive the protection of industrial property laws. 修饰限制成分放置的位置以及其修饰限制力延伸范围也应予以特殊关注。例19如果任何被检验或测试的货物不能满足规格的要求，买方可以拒绝接受该货物。卖方应免费更换被拒绝的货物，或者免费进行必要的修改以满足规格的要求。Should any inspected Goods fail to conform to the specifications, the Purchaser may reject the Goods, and the Supplier shall, free of cost to the Purchaser, either replace the rejected Goods or make alterations necessary to meet specification requirements. 总之，招投标文件的理解与翻译是一项较复杂的工作，译者不仅要有较好的专业知识，较高的语言水平，还需要有严谨的工作态度。 3标书范例 投标书Tender10.1 投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的外贸投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。价格表（表中项目除价格数字外都要填写）及报价说明三份（一正二副）和投标人银行保函应分别单独密封，随投标文件一同递交。Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents. 10.2 在投标文件澄清后提交的附件6价格表部分正、副本应用信封单独密封，封面上注明项目名称、招标编号、投标人名址、“正本”“副本”字样及“分项价格”和“保密”字样。同时提供单独密封的价格表电子版本一份（WORD格式）。The Attachment 6 to be submitted after the tender documents have been clarified the Original and Duplicate copies of the Quotation must be sealed separately in different envelops, on which the item names, tender codes, tenderer addresses, words of Original, Duplicate and Item Price and Confidential must be written. An e-version of the Quotation (in WORD format) that is separately sealed must be furnished at the same time.2. 投标报价Tender Offers11.1 投标人应在投标报价汇总表和投标分项报价表上标明本合同拟提供货物的单价(如适用)和总价。On the tender offer summary sheet and the item tender offer sheets, tenderers shall indicate clearly the unit price (if applicable) and the total price of the goods planned to be provided according to the Contract. 11.2 投标分项报价表上的价格应按下列方式分开填写：Prices on the item tender offer sheet shall be filled out in the following manner: 11.2.1从中华人民共和国提供的货物：Goods provided from the Peoples Republic of China:1) 货物交到现场价，包括出厂价（含增值税），工厂至现场的运输费、保险费和伴随货物交运的有关费用，其他杂费。Price of delivering goods to the site, inclusive of the EXW (inclusive of VAT), transportation cost from factory to site, insurance premium, costs generated because of the delivery of goods, as well as other incidental expenses. 2) 技术服务及培训的费用Cost for technical services and trainings本项包括：This item includes:A)卖方人员技术服务费用：Cost for technical service provided by the Sellers personnel:项目现场安装指导、调试、检验等费用Expenses for on-site installation instruction, debugging, and inspectionB)对买方人员的培训费用Expenses for training the personnel of the Buyer3) 投标人应在投标价格表中报出技术规范中所列的随机备品配件、专用工具及仪器的单价。这些货物的价格应包括在投标总价中，评标时计入该费用。In the tender price sheet, tenderers shall include the unit prices of the random parts and components, special tools and instrumentations that are listed in the Technical Specifications. The price of these goods shall be included into the tender sum, and shall be deliberated at the tender evaluation. 4) 投标人应将满足设备正常运行的推荐性三年备品配件单独列出并报出单价。这部分货物由业主选择购买，其费用评标时供招标机构参考。Tenderers shall list separately parts and components that satisfy the recommended three years normal operation, and quote their prices. The owner has the option to purchase these goods, and their expenses will be referred to at the tender evaluation. 11.2.2从中华人民共和国境外提供的货物：Goods provided outside the Peoples Republic of China: 1) 中国上海港CIF班轮条件（该价格包含设备和文件的包装费用以及在目的港的卸货费用），报价时投标人可以从中华人民共和国或买方同意的其他合格来源国取得保险服务。Shanghai CIF berth terms (the price is inclusive of the packaging cost of equipments and documents, as well as unloading expenses in the destination). When offering, tenders may obtain insurance services from an eligible country of origin that is to the satisfaction of the Peoples Republic of China or the Buyer. 2) 技术服务和培训的费用Expenses for technical services and trainings本项包括：This item includes:A)卖方人员技术服务费用：项目现场安装指导、调试、检验等费用Expenses for technical services provided by the Seller: costs for on-site project installation instruction, debugging, and testingB)对买方人员的培训费用Training expenses for the Buyer上述A)、B)二条仅指卖方自身的费用，不包括买方人员的出国所需费用。The above A) and B) clauses refer to the expenses of the Seller itself and do not include the cost for Buyers personnel for traveling abroad. 投标人须在投标分项报价表后单列、报出买方人员出国参加设计联络会、工厂检验和买方人员在国外接受卖方培训的人日费用。以上三项单列的费用，供买方在签订合同时参考，不包括在投标总报价中，目的是为方便买方对最终合同价的组成进行选择和比较，这并不限制买方采用任何一种报价或几种报价组合而签订合同的权力。Tenderers shall list and offer separately after the item tender offer sheet the cost per person per day for Buyers personnel to attend designing communication meetings and factory inspection outside China and to receive trainings from Seller outside China. Expenses of the above three items will serve as references for Buyer when the Contract is signed, but will not be included into the tender sum. It is to make it convenient for Buyer to compare and choose from the combinations of the final contract price. It does not restrict the rights of Buyer to choose one quotation or the combination of several quotations to sign the Contract. 3) 投标人应在投标价格表中报出技术规范中所列的必备的备品配件、专用工具及仪器的单价。这些货物的价格应包括在投标总价中，评标时计入该费用。In the tender price sheet, tenderers shall list the unit price of the required parts, components, special tools and instrumentations that are listed in the Technical Specifications. The prices of these goods shall be included in the tender sum for tender evaluation. 4) 投标人应将满足设备正常运行的推荐性三年备品配件单独列出并报出单价。这部分货物由业主选择购买，其费用评标时供招标机构参考。Tenderers shall list and quote separately parts and components that satisfy the three years recommended normal operation. The owner has the option to purchase these goods, the price of which will serve as reference for Tenderee at tender evaluation. 11.3 出厂价(EXW)、到岸价(CIF)和“运费、保险付至”价(CIP) 等术语。应根据巴黎国际商会二OOO版本的国际贸易术语解释通则(Incoterms 2000)的规定来解释。Ex works (EXW), CIF, carriage and insurance paid to (CIP) and other technical terms shall be construed according to the 2000 Paris version of International Chamber of Commerce Terms (Incoterms 2000). 11.4 投标人根据本须知第11.2条的规定将投标价分成几部分，只是为了方便招标机构和买方对投标文件进行比较，并不限制买方以上述任何条件订立合同的权力。According to Clause 11.2 of the Notice, tenderers shall divide the tender price into several parts, the sole objective of which is to make it convenient for Tenderee and Buyer to compare the tender documents, but will not restrict Buyers rights to conclude the Contract according to any of the above terms. 11.5 投标人所报的投标价在合同执行期过程中是固定不变的，不得以任何理由予以变更。根据本须知第24条的规定，以可调整的价格提交的投标文件将作为非响应性投标而予以拒绝。A tender price offered by a tenderer shall remain unchanged during the performance of the Contract, but shall not be modified because of any reasons. According to Clause 24 of the Notice, tender documents containing any adjustable prices will be rejected as non-responsive tenders. 3. 投标货币Tender Currency投标人提供的货物和服务用美元货币报价。Goods and services to be provided by tenderers shall be quoted in the currency of US dollar. 4. 投标保证金Tender bond15.1 投标人应提交金额为不少于投标报价总价2%的投标保证金，并作为其投标的一部分。Tenderers shall submit a tender bond that is no less than 2% of the total sum of the tender offer. It shall be part of the tender. 15.2 投标保证金是为了保护招标机构和买方免遭因投标人的行为而蒙受损失。招标机构和买方在因投标人的行为受到损害时可根据本须知第15.7条的规定没收投标人的投标保证金。Tender bond is designed to protect Tenderee and Buyer from losses because of any actions of tenderers. In case Tenderee and Buyer suffers any losses because of any actions of tenderers, the tender bond will be confiscated according to Clause 15.7 of the Notice. 15.3 投标保证金应用投标货币并采用以下形式：The tender bond shall be in the tender currency and shall be in the following form:由一家在中华人民共和国国内或国外信誉好的银行用招标文件提供的格式或招标机构接受的其他格式出具的银行保函、不可撤销的备用信用证，其有效期应超过投标有效期三十(30)天；A bank that enjoys good reputation in or outside the Peoples Republic of China issues a letter of guarantee and an irrevocable stand-by letter of credit in the form provided by the tender invitation documents or in a form that is acceptable to Tenderee, the valid period being thirty (30) days more than the valid period of the tender; 15.4 凡没有根据本须知第15.1和15.3条的规定随附投标保证金的投标，应按本须知第24条的规定视为非响应性投标予以拒绝。Tenders to which a tender bond is not attached according to Clause 15.1 and 15.3 of the Notice shall be rejected as non-responsive tenders according to Clause 24 of the Notice. 15.5 未中标的投标人的投标保证金，将尽速并不晚于按照本须知第16条规定的投标有效期满后三十(30)天原额退还投标人。Tender bonds of tenderers who fail in the tender will be returned to tenders in full amount as soon as possible and no later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the valid period of the tender as provided in Clause 16 of the Notice. 15.6 中标人的投标保证金，在中标人按本须知第34条规定签订合同并按本须知第35条规定交纳了履约保证金后予以退还。The tender bond of the successful tenderer will be returned after the tenderer signs the Contract according to Clause 34 of the Notice and submits the performance bond according to Clause 35 of the Notice. 15.7 下列任何情况发生时，投标保证金将被没收：Tender bond will be confiscated in case:1)投标人在招标文件中规定的投标有效期内撤回其投标；或Tenderers withdraw their tenders within the valid period of the tender as provided in the tender invitation documents; or 2)中标人在规定期限内未能根据本须知第34条规定签订合同；或The successful tenderer fails to sign the Contract within the prescribed period according to Clause 34 of the Notice; or 3)中标人在规定期限内未能根据按投标人须知第35条规定提交履约保证金。The successful tenderer fails to submit the performance bond within the prescribed period according to Clause 35 of the Notice. 5. 投标有效期Valid period of tender16.1 根据本须知第19条规定，投标应在规定的开标日后的180天内保持有效。投标有效期不满足要求的投标将被视为非响应性投标而予以拒绝。According to Clause 19 of the Notice, a tender remains valid within the 180 days after the prescribed tender opening date. Tenders with an ineligible valid period shall be rejected as non-responsive tenders. 1 因买方的便利而终止合同Termination of Contract for Buyers Convenience31.1 买方可在任何时候出于自身的便利向卖方发出书面通知全部或部分终止合同，终止通知应明确该终止合同是出于买方的便利，并明确合同终止的程度，以及终止的生效日期。Buyer may send a written notice to Seller at any time for its own convenience to terminate all or part of the Contract. The termination notice shall indicate clearly that it is for Buyers convenience that the Contract is terminated, the scale to which the Contract is terminated, as well as the effective date of the termination. 31.2 对卖方在收到终止通知后三十(30)天内已完成并准备装运的货物，买方应按原合同价格和条款予以