大学英语4B.doc

年级层次:专业:学号:姓名:装订线 装订线 装订线 装订线 注：装订线内禁止答题，装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。东北农业大学网络教育学院2011级春季在职专升本第2学期期末考试题签23312010 大学英语4(B)一、单项选择题(每题1分，共30题)1. He asked us to _ them in carrying through their plan. A) provide B) arouse C) assist D) persist2. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _. A) stank up to B) make up for C) come up with D) put up with3. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to _ the isolation of life in Alaska. A) break through B) break down C) break into D) break out4. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _. A) reach B) hand C) hold D) place5. Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to _ storming into the bosss office. A) prevent B) prohibit C) turn D) avoid6. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was _. A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningful D) innocent7. When a speaker is making a speech he has to think _, for he has neither time nor anyone to ask for assistance.A) on his feet B) in his feet C) over his feet D) by his feet8. _ our small flat, Bills house seemed like a palace.A) Compared to B) Comparing to C) To compare D) Comparing9. We must study hard _ .A) in a best possible way B) in the most efficient possible wayC) in a most possible effective way D) in the possible best way10. He finished the writing assignment today_ he could hand it in on time. A) so as B) such as C) so that D) such that11. “It must be a kind of garden plant,” said another; and so they sneered and despised the plant as a thing from a garden.A) scorn B) criticize C) exclude D) adore12. Gladly would she have plucked a flower, but she could not overcome her reluctance to break one off. A) exhaust B) deserve C) conquer D) appreciate13. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _ before the fine weather came to an end. A) seed B) flower C) plant D) harvest14. He put in a special _, for an extra days holiday so that he could attend his daughters wedding. A) question B) request C) proposal D) demand15. To get my travellers cheques I had to _ a special cheque to the Bank for the total amount. A) make for B) make out C) make over D) make up16. Please fill _ the form _ ink. A) on.with B) in.in C) in.by D) to.in17. I went yesterday, but I _ it. A) had better not do B) would rather not do C) would rather not have done D) had better not do18. Im sorry _ you up yesterday. A) to wake B) for to wake C) waking D) for waking19. Dont go too far into the sea, children, or the waves will _ you off your feet. A) flow B) cut C) jump D) sweep20. Perhaps well _ each other again sometime. A) run over B) run cross C) run into D) run for21. Every student must learn the new words _ heart. A) by B) with C) in D) on22. Your last sentence in this composition is awkward. Youd better omit it _ in my opinion. A) throughout B) all together C) altogether D) totally23. But for your help, nothing _. A) can be done B) could be done C) can have been done D) could do24. The doctor checked up both his _ lungs. A) father and his mother B) father and his mothers C) fathers and his mothers D) fathers and his mother25. Im sure your mother would not approve _ that sort of behavior. A) to B) with C) of D) for26. We can not study English well, _ we practise it from time to time. A) so long as B) if C) unless D) since27. He can use the bicycle _ he returns tomorrow. A) except that B) on condition that C) even if D) considering whether28. He ran fast _ he should miss the bus. A) so B) when C) unless D) lest29. John was _ to be without taking his dinner. A) so tired that he went B) enough tired to go C) too tired that he went D) very tired that he went30. They seized him _ arm. A) at his B) at the C) by his D) by the二、阅读理解(每题10分，共4题)1. Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.1. The following factors tend to promote social change EXCEPT _. A) different kinds of people B) different points of view C) different interest D) different conditions2. The expression “greater tolerance” (Line 8, Para. 1) refers to _. A) more respect for different beliefs and behaviors B) quicker adaptation to changing circumstances C) greater willingness to accept social change D) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas3. According to passage, which of the following is TRUE within a society? A) Social change is less likely to occur in technology than in values. B) What people learned in their early times tends to change quickly. C) The basic and emotional aspects of society tend to slow sown social change. D) Strange elements are likely to quicken social change.4. Social change is easier if it takes place _. A) step by step B) among Black Americans C) between Black Americans and their white counterparts D) between Black Americans and other American minorities5. The passage is mainly discussing _. A) the necessity of social change B) certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occur C) the way to slow down social change D) how to promote social change2. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies - and other creatures - learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) drives as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce resuits in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to reward the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still goon making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the childrens responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement switched on a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result ,for instance ,two left or two right ,or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papouseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control . 1.According to the author, babies learn to do things which_ A)are directly related to pleasure B)will meet their physical needs C)will bring them a feeling of success D)will satisfy their curiosity 2.Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby_ A)would make learned responses when it saw the milk B)would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink C)would continue the simple movements without being given milk D)would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink 3.In Papouseks experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to_ A)have the lights turned on B)be rewarded with milk C)please their parents D)be praised 4.The babies would smile and bubble at the lights because_ A)the lights were directly related to some basic drives B)the sight of the lights was interesting C)they need not turn back to watch the lights D)they succeeded in switching on the lights 5.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _ A)a basic human desire to understand and control the world B)the satisfaction of certain physiological needs C)their strong desire to solve complex problems D)a fundamenta1human urge to display their learned skills3. Many young British doctors drink too much and use cannabis and other illegal drugs, according to a survey released last week. The poll of 14 junior doctors in northeastern England, published in a letter in The Lancet medical journal, showed that more than 60 per cent drank more alcohol than the recommended safe limits. Over 35 per cent of male doctors and 19 per cent of female physicians also admitted using cannabis and up to 13 per cent also took other drugs. The current drinking habits, illegal drug use, and stress in some junior doctors is of concern, not only for their own well being, but also how they affect patients care, said Dr. Farhad Kam all of the University of Newcastle, who conducted the study. The British Medical Association (BMA) said the findings were consistent with its own research into the habits of the junior doctors. The survey was released a day after Dr. Patrick Dixon, a British AIDS expert and author, called for random testing of doctors for alcohol and drug abuse. Exxon, the author of The Truth about Drugs, said that the problem, posed a significantthreat to the public health because patients lives were being put at risk. With around 10 per cent of all doctors either intoxicated (沉醉) or withdrawing (from drugs or alcohol) we are faced with the fact that significant numbers of doctors have impaired judgment because of addiction, Dixon said in a telephone interview. He claimed that more than 1,000 addicted doctors in London were addicts but he said theircolleagues were reluctant to identify them because of fear of retribution (报复). Our estimate is that up to 10 percent of doctors may have a drug or alcohol problem at some time in their working lives, a BMA spokeswoman said.1. From the first paragraph, we can know A) it is quite fashionable to take cannabis in Britain B) taking cannabis is against the law in Britain C) cannabis is something delicious to eat D) there is no limit to the use o cannabis2. What does the word released (Para. 6) mean? A) Set B) Given up. C) Finished. D) Issued.3. According to Dr. Dixon, alcohol drinking and drug abuse A) put the health of the drinkers and users at risk B) had negative influence over the younger doctors C) presented a great threat to the public health D) was a pretty new social phenomenon in Britain4. The word impaired (Para. 8) means A) irresponsible B) weakened C) false D) paired up5. The colleagues of the addicted doctors were unwilling to identify them because they A) did not want to lose friendship B) lacked self-confidence C) didnt want to get punished D) didn t want the addicted doctors to be punished4. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged , biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的)areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert (警觉的)and receptive (愿意接受的)if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skii1.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because t hey enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen ,acting director of the same institute ,suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. The point is, you need to do both, Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size. 1.People who are cognitively healthy are those A) whose minds are alert and receptive B) who are highly intelligent. C)who can remember large amounts of informationD)who are good at recognizing different sounds 2.According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by A)constantly doing memory work B)making frequent adjustments C)going through specific training D)taking part in various mental activities 3.The findings of James and other scientists in their work A)remain a theory to be further proved B)have been challenged by many other experts C)are practised by the researchers themselves D)have been generally accepted 4.Older people are generally advised to A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains B)keep fit by going in for physical activities C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 5.What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain. B)Why people should receive special mental training as they age. C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health. D)Why people should keep active not only physically but a1so mentally. 三、完形填空(每题20分，共1题)1. Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper, you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Life in a wheelchair is _1_. Living on welfare is just like sharing a dinner of raw pet food _2_ the cat. Many welfare clients do not have money to _3_ a decent life. _4_, lying and cheati