大学英语词汇与语法练习6：定语从句专项练习题—答案及解析.doc

7大学英语词汇与语法练习6：定语从句专项练习题答案及解析I. 定语的形式（注意，不止一种译法）请把下列短语译为英语，翻译时请注意下划线部分的形式。1. 迅速发展的经济 rapidly-developing economy2. 网上订购的商品the goods bought online3. 极具竞争力的价格a very competitive price4. 和中国联系最为密切的艺术形式the art form most closely related to China5. 造成这次事故的各种因素the various factors that led to this accident6. 人口最多的国家the country with the largest population7. 成绩好的孩子children with good grades8. 中国南方地区著名的旅游目的地a famous tourism destination in South China9. 能更好地练习英语口语的机会an opportunity to better practice spoken English10. 中国与世界其他国家的文化交流the cultural communication between China and other countries11. 从美国引进的生产设备the equipment introduced from the U.S.12.专家强烈建议的措施 the measures the experts strongly recommendedII. 关系代词和关系副词A. 在以下空中填入恰当的关系代词或关系副词，是该句完整。1. He asked for the latest book that there is on the subject. （先行词前有最高级修饰）2. This monument is all that remains of the ancient city. （先行词前有all修饰）3. The book (that/which) you are speaking of is unavailable. （先行词在从句中做宾语，也可以省略关系代词）4. I know a wood where/in which you can find wild strawberries.5. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday?6. I know someone else whose father works here.7. All that glitters is not gold. （先行词前有all修饰）8. Can you suggest a time when it will be convenient to meet?9. We had a meeting, the purpose of which was completely unclear.10. Weve tested three hundred types of raincoat, none of which is completely waterproof.11. He was a man whom all his friends admired and who won the respect even of his enemies.12. Mr. White is the only dealer (that) I know who gives good prices.B. 在以下空中填入恰当的“介词+关系代词”，使该句子完整。1. The picture, for which he paid $1,000, was once owned by a duke.2. I am grateful to him for that advice, to which I owe all my success.解析：owe sth. to sb./sth.表示“把归功于”。3. The Tower of London, about which a lecture is to be given tomorrow, was one of the worlds historic buildings.解析：该句意思为“伦敦塔，明天会有一场关于它的讲座，这是世界历史建筑之一。”4. We can now see in a very general way the method by which the computer works.5. This depends on the purpose for which the material is used.6. Geometry, about which I know nothing, seems a very dull subject.7. Shes married to a physicist of whom you may have heard.8. They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfil their task ahead of time.III. 定语从句选择题1. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants _ wild.A. once they grewB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. grew once答案：C解析：句子含义为“现在种植在农场里的各种植物都是由过去一度野生的植物培育而来的。”2. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society _.A. she had grown upB. she had grown up inC. that had she grown up inD. in which she had grown up答案：D解析：句子含义为“作家沃顿非常了解她从小到大生活的这个社会。”3. A solar day is the length of time _ the Earth to revolve once around the sun.A. takesB. takes itC. it takesD. he takes答案：C解析：句子含义为“日周期就是地球围绕太阳一周的时间长度。”该句省略了关系代词that，先行词time在从句中做宾语，还原从句应为it takes the Earth(time) to revolve once around the sun（字面意思：需要花地球多少时间去围绕太阳转一次）。4. We saw a film at the Jilim Cinema last night, _ we had supper at a nearby restaurant. A. whenB. which afterC. after whichD. and that after答案：C解析：句子含义为“我们昨晚在Jilim电影院看电影，在此之后我们在附近的一家餐馆吃晚饭。”该句中关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子。5. The scholar has made another breakthrough in this field, _ of great importance to the progress of science and technology. A. I think which is B. which I think it is C. which I think isD. about which I think it is答案：C解析：句子含义为“这位学者在该领域又取得了突破，这在我看来是对科技发展极为重要的。”该句中关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子。I think是插入语，不影响整个句子的结构，也就是, which (I think) is of great importance 。答题时把I think拿走会更容易理解。6. There is no rule _ has exceptions. A. that B. butC. whatD. which答案：B解析：句子含义为“没有无例外的规则（凡是规则都有例外）。” but作为关系代词也可以引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人、事、物。but在意义上等于that not, whichnot, whonot，只用于限定性定语从句。“There is no rule but has exceptions.”意思相当于“There is no rule that does not have exceptions.”说明：but的这一用法大家了解即可，只需记住but往往表示否定意义。7. _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposals. A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. As答案：D解析：句子含义为“正如对一个新的想法通常的做法那样，大量的前期活动和乐观的讨论没有产生任何实际建议。” 这是as作为关系代词引导的定语从句。在非限定性定语从句中，as代替整个主句。As引导的定语从句位置灵活，可以在主句前、中或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，通常理解为“（正）如一样”。例如：As is reported, the president will visit the city.（正如报道的那样，该总统将访问这个城市。）She became angry, as many could see. (她生气了，正像很多人看到的那样。)8. With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem _ can be solved in a few hours. A. thatB. whichC. butD. what答案：C解析：句子含义为“随着电子计算机的引入，没有一个复杂的问题不能在几小时内解决了（任何复杂的问题都能在几小时内解决。” 这是but作为关系代词引导的定语从句，表示否定意义，参考第6题的解析。这句话相当于, there is no complicated problem that can not be solved in a few hours.9. The reason _ he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us. A. thatB. whyC. becauseD. which答案：B解析：句子含义为“他拒绝接受我们的计划的原因是他对我们没有信心。” 先行词为reason, 在从句中做原因状语，用why引导该定语从句。10. Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable? A. for whichB. whichC. whatD. to which答案：B解析：句子含义为“你觉得他给出的理由可信吗？” 先行词为reason, 但reason在定语从句中是做gave的宾语，前后关系为he gave the reason，因此该定语从句用that或which引导，不用why。11. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father had expected. A. that was whatB. what was that C. which was whatD. and which was答案：C解析：句子含义为“他努力学习，后来成为著名作家，这是他父亲所期盼的。” 这是多重从句，which指代前面整个主句，从句中包含一个由what引起的从句，该从句在定语从句中充当系表结构中的表语，换言之， was what his father had expected。12. He seemed to be a very important person _. A. the way through which he walkedB. in the way how he walked C. in the way he would walkD. the way he walked答案：D解析：句子含义为“从他走路的方式看他像是一个大人物。” 该题涉及way做先行词时从句的结构。A中介词through是不和way（方式）搭配使用的，way只和in搭配。B中in the way和how同时出现，这是错误的，二者只能选用一个，不能使用，how不能引导定语从句。C中时态有误，would walk，那该动作还没有做，如何能判断他是大人物？只有D正确，D选项中省略了一些可以省略的部分，完整的结构应该是：(by) the way in which he walked/ the way that he walked。13. The manager is satisfied with _ youve done. A. thatB. all whatC. whichD. all that答案：D解析：句子含义为“经理对你所做的一切感到满意。” 该定语从句的先行词是all，关系代词只能是that。14. You can write the paper _ you like. A. whateverB. howeverC. any wayD. some way答案：C解析：句子含义为“你可以以自己喜欢的任何方式来写这篇文章。” 该句包含定语从句 (in) any way (that) you like，介词in和关系代词that被省略了。实际上way做先行词时，关系代词通常会省略。当way前面有限定词（如this, that, any, some等等）时，之前的介词in也常常省略。15. It was in this wood _ the enemy spy was caught and killed. A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. how答案：C解析：句子含义为“这就是地方间谍被抓获并行刑的那个树林。” 该句不是定语从句，因此不能选择where，同时，wood前面已经有介词in了，再选where就不符合语法规则。该句为强调句，原句为In this wood the enemy spy was caught and killed, 原句中的地点状语in this wood被拿出来加以强调，剩下的句子成分不变，都放在that后面。强调句中，当强调的内容是事或物而不是人时。一律用that衔接。16. This is the girl _ has been highly praised. A. of whom the paintingB. the painting of whose C. who paintingD. whose painting答案：D解析：句子含义为“这就是其画作受到高度赞扬的那个女孩。” 该句为定语从句，但是先行词girl在从句中是做定语，修饰painting，相当于the girls painting的所有格关系，先行词在从句中做定语，其关系代词只能是whose。17. You may depend upon it _ your son will be taken good care of here. A. whenB. whichC. howD. that答案：D解析：句子含义为“你可以对此放心，你儿子在这里会得到良好的照顾。” 该句不是定语从句，因为空格前的it在从句中没有位置，不是从句中的任何成分，因此不可能是定语从句的先行词。空格后的句子表达了完整的意思，不缺成分。根据句子含义，可以断定it是形式宾语，that引起真正的宾语。 18. The pilot lost contact with the military base, _ the plane crashed in the desert. A. by means of whichB. for which C. among whichD. as a result of which答案：D解析：句子含义为“飞行员和军事基地失去了联络，因此分级在沙漠中坠毁了。” 该定语从句中，which指代前面的整个主句，而前面的整个主句是从句中飞机坠毁的原因，因此，在which前面加上as a result of （因为/作为原因的结果），以表明前后的逻辑关系。从句按意思还原后应为：As a result of this fact, the plane crashed in the desert. 这里的this fact指代的就是前面的句子。19. These students will graduate from the university next summer, _ they will have studied here for four years. A. by thenB. by that timeC. by what time D. by which time答案：D解析：句子含义为“这些学生明年夏天将从这所大学毕业，到那时他们就已在此学习了四年了。” 该定语从句中which仅指代前面主句中的时间，因此应突出时间概念time；根据意思，应表达“到那个时候为止”，需用介词by。所以该从句由by which time引起。如果漏掉了time，则which指代什么就不清楚了。注意：“介词+关系代词”引起的定语从句，关系代词不能是that。What没有这样的功能。而选项A不能引起从句，只能作为状语修饰一个独立的句子。如果该题中间不是逗号，而是句号，则A是正确答案。20. His youngest son _ is now working at the Chinese Academy of Science. A. that is twenty-fiveB. who is twenty-five ages C. who is twenty-fiveD. whose age is twenty-five years old答案：C解析：句子含义为“他的小儿子，25岁，在中科院工作。” 先行词是人，关系代词用who；某人25岁的说法为sb. is 25或者sb. is 25 years old或者ones age is 25，其他说法都不对。 21. The supplies _ will be sent over within the week. A. which they have asked for themB. they have asked for them C. that they have asked for themD. they have asked for答案：D解析：句子含义为“他们索要的供给本周内就会送去。” 该定语从句的先行词为supplies，在从句中做宾语，还原从句意思为they have asked for the supplies。该定语从句的关系代词为which或that，由于先行词在从句中做宾语，关系代词通常可以省略掉，因此选D。注意：其余三个选项中asked for后面都有宾语them，如果把them放在从句中，则出现语法错误。先行词在从句中不能出现。 22. This is the factory _ odd jobs last summer. A. at which we have doneB. in which we have done C. in which we didD. which we have done in答案：C解析：句子含义为“这就是我们去年夏天打零工的那家工厂。” 该定语从句的先行词在从句中是做地点状语，所以关系代词which前肯定有表示地点的介词。此外，从句中说是去年夏天打零工，那么打零工应该是过去的动作，动词应为过去时did，而不是完成时have done。因此只有C正确。 23. The day will surely come _ all the people in the world enjoy freedom and live in happiness. A. whenB. howC. thenD. why答案：A解析：句子含义为“全世界人民享有自由并幸福生活的那一天一定会到来的。” 该句中，定语从句修饰的先行词为句子的主语the day，由于该句谓语部分太短will surely come，如果把很长的定语从句放到主语之后、谓语之前，则该句子中间部分太大，不符合英语句子的表达习惯，因此把从句放到整个句子的最后。这是先行词和定语从句分离现象中的一种。 24. The hotel _ when I went sightseeing in Huang Shan Mountain during the summer vacation is rather poorly managed. A. where I stayed inB. that I stayed at C. which I stayedD. at which I stayed答案：D解析：句子含义为“我去年夏天去黄山观光（我）所住的那家旅馆，其管理很差。” “居住在某旅馆”，应表达为to stay at a hotel，该定语从句的先行词hotel在从句中做at的宾语，该介词习惯上要放到关系代词which前面（作为完整的介词短语at the hotel）。因此D选项正确。注意：该定语从句如果用where引导，则直接表述为the hotel where I stayed。 25. This is the most important position _. A. which a graduate from the college has ever been offered B. that a graduate from the college has ever been offered for C. a graduate from the college has ever been offered it D. that a graduate from the college has ever been offered答案：D解析：句子含义为“这是一个大学毕业生所接受到的最重要的职位。” 该定语从句的先行词position前面有形容词最高级，可以确定关系代词只能是that。从句中的动词offer的用法为to offer sb. sth.，这是带双宾语的一个重要动词，表示“给某人提供某物”，当sb.做主语时，句子转化为被动句sb. is offered sth.。现在sth.拿到前面做先行词，其他成分顺着写。因此只有D选项是正确的。 26. She bought a knife from the shop _ to peel an apple. A. whichB. with thatC. with whichD. by which答案：C解析：句子含义为“她从这家商店买了一把刀，用它来削苹果。” 该定语从句为省略句，因为从句中的主语和主句主语一致，都是she，所以从句可以省略为动词不定式，表明目的（该刀用来干什么）。“用刀削苹果”应表述为to peel an apple with a knife，工具用with引起，不用其他介词。关系代词前有介词with，关系代词只能是which。 27. The speed _ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe. A. in whichB. from whichC. by whichD. at which答案：D解析：句子含义为“光穿行的速度据说是宇宙中最快的。” “光以某速度穿行”用英语表述为light travels at a speed of ，介词用at，不用别的。28. Watts and kilowatts are the units _ electric power is measured. A. at whichB. in whichC. from whichD. in that答案：B解析：句子含义为“瓦特和千瓦是测量电力的单位。” “用什么单位来测量”用英语表述为to measure sth. in (单位)，介词用in，不用别的。 IV. 翻译用定语从句的结构来翻译以下句子。1. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is a field where/in which we can cooperate (我们可以合作的领域). 2. He who has never tasted what is bitter (没有吃过苦