课件人教修订版高二英语unit 1 grammar课件.ppt

,人教修订版高二英语（上）Unit1Makingadifference,TheInfinitive,动词不定式在句中可作主语(Subject)、宾语(Object)、宾语补足语(ObjectComplement),定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、表语(Predicative)等,不能单独作谓语。动词不定式作主语(Subject)：Toseeistobelieve.Itsagoodhabittogetupearly.Itsnecessaryforustodrinkwaterasoftenaspossible.,动词不定式作宾语：hope,wish,want,prepare,arrange,expect,pretend,promise,agree,decide,plan,seem,refuse,seek，manage,determine,fail,hurry等动词后接不定式作宾语。Weplantogototheseasideforourholiday.不定式短语作宾语，后带有宾语补足语时，用it作形式宾语，不定式后置。Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.Hefeltitahardtasktofinishitontime.,动词不定式作宾语补足语：want,ask,wish,teach,promise,tell,allow,permit,forbid,consider,expect,warn,wouldlike,advise,persuade等动词后常跟不定式作宾语补足语。Theteacheradvisedustoreadeverymorning.Weconsidertheplaytobewonderful.但感官动词(see,observe,hear,find.)，使让动词(make,let,have)后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。Inoticedhimleave.=Hewasnoticedtoleavebyme.,不定式作定语：不定式与其修饰的词往往有动宾关系。Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.比较：Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?,tosend的动作执行者是you,tobesent动作执行者是别人,不是you,不定式作表语,说明主语的性质,内容.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,B,两个不定式表示对比或对照时，后者的to不可省去。,不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。1表示目的Imsavinguptobuyacomputer.有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo结构(soastodo不可以置于句首)。Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.Illwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnottoforgetit.,2表示结果Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.不定式表示结果常见于下列句型1)so.astodoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?2)such.astodoWearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.,3)enoughtodoHedidntrunfastenoughtocatchthetrain.4)onlytodoHeliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.5)too.todoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.,有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语。Tobehonest,wearenotsuretofindthegirlintheforest.Heisveryhonest,tobeginwith.totellyouthetruth说老实话tobeginwith首先tosaynothingof更不必说sotospeak可以说,tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobefrank坦率地说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之,最后(一句话）,不定式的省略现象：在某些动词hope,expect,forget,intend,like,want,try,refuse,prefer,beafraid,love等后，只用不定式符号to代替被省略的重复出现的动词。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidntwantto.在形容词glad,happy,pleased等后面：-Willyoujoininthegame?-Idbegladto.,否定形式的省略用notto.-ShallIgoinsteadofhim?-Iprefernotto.不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留这些词-Areyouonholiday?-No,butIdliketobe.-Hehasntfinishedtheworkyet.-Well,heoughttohave.,不定式的被动式:不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式用被动式.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.Theydontallowthesebookstobetakenoutofthereadingroom.Ihope_(invite)totheparty.Ihavesomethingimportant_(tell)you.Thebabyneeds_(look)after.,tobeinvited,totell,tobelooked,在“名词+be+easy(difficult,fit,hard)+不定式”结构中，不定式可用主动形式表被动意思.（往往认为形容词后省去了forsb)Thisbookisdifficulttoread.Thepathiseasytofind.Thisexerciseiseasytodo.Thefoodwasnotfittoeat.,1不定式做后置定语，与被修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisquestion?2不定式作形容词的宾语，与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.,3Therebe结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.比较Shehastwoletterstotype.(自己打)Shehastwoletterstobetyped.(别人打),不定式可用于感叹句，含有惊异、不满、惋惜或赞美等感情色彩。Tothinkthatheshoulddothis!想想，他竟然干出这等事！(表示惊讶)Oh,God,toseeherdance!哦，天哪，看看她的舞蹈！(表示赞美)Tothinkthatallthemoneyhasbeenwasted.想想，所有的钱都被浪费掉了！(表示不满),1在口语中，动词原形come和go后可接不带to的不定式。Gotellher.Comehaveaglass.2在why引起的一些问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。Whymakesomuchnoise?Whynotjoinus?3在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather.than,cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut等结构后直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。Youdbetterlistentoyourteachersopinion.Wehadbestcallforthedoctoratonce.,4如不定式前有行为动词do，那么在表语中的不定式或者介词except/but之后的不定式可不带to。TheonlythingIcoulddowasgohome.5两个动词不定式并列使用时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。Thelittlegirlhardlyknewwhethertolaughorcry.Canyouhelpmetocallhimandaskhimtoattendthemeetingat2:00p.m.?,6在一些固定搭配中用不带to的不定式。Heletgotherope.他松开了绳子。Ihearsaytherewillbeanearthquakesoon.我听说不久就要有一次地震。Shemadebelieveshewasinnocent.她假装清白。7在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice以及使役动词make,let,have等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to.Theteacherhasuscleanourclassroomeveryday.,_lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.HavingsleepTherearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingItseemsthathehasnopen_.A.towriteB.writingC.writingwithD.towritewith,A,B,D,-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.TobegettingHurryup,heissure_forus.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.waitingD.beingwaited,C,B,Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donottoIveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,A,B,“疑问词+不定式”作know的宾语，意为“whatIwilldo”.,Withalotofdifferentproblems_,thepresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled_youthetruth,Ididntwanttotellyouaboutit.A.TotellB.TellingC.TobetoldD.Told,C,A,Theproblem_atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.A.discussedB.todiscussC.beingdiscussedD.tobediscussedTheydidalltheycould_thechild.A.saveB.savingC.besavedD.tosave,D,D,alltheycould是did的宾语，tosavethechild是目的状语。,常见的带不定式的短语：besupposedtodo应该做某事bedeterminedtodo决心要做某事failtodo未能做某事goallouttodo全力以赴做某事havethenervetodo有胆量做某事haveagreatmindtodo很想做某事makeuponesmi