Aristotle：politics亚里士多德.ppt

Aristotle：Politics,ZhaoYilinTaiChangliLiuLiyin,CONTENTS,01Abstract,02ContentsofPolitics,03ThebestState,04Contribution,01Introduction,Aristotle,384323B.C.At18AristotlewenttoPlatosschoolIn335B.C.hefoundhisownschool,theLyceum.Hisfollowerswerenicknamedperipatetics,thewanderes逍遥派学者,Alexander亚历山大,Mostremarkable,hewasthetutorofyoungMacedonianprince,whowaslaterknownasAlexandertheGreat.,Philosophy哲学Logic逻辑学Ehtic伦理学Biology生物学Astronomy天文学Meteorology气象学Aesthetics美学,Materialcause物质因Formalcause形式因Efficientcause动力因Finalcause目的因,Aristotlesphilosophyframework,Socialinfluence,Groundbreakingresearch开创性的研究Philosophicalvision哲学视角Metaphysics形而上学Works著作,01,Abstract,Politics*wasfinishedinB.C.326.Basedonthestudyof158GreeceStatespoliticalsystemsItdiscussedsomeimportantpoliticalissuessuchasthenatureandoriginoftheState,politicalsystemofthebestState,ect.Establishedtheindependentpoliticalsciencesystemforthefirsttime.,02,ContentsofPolitics,NatureandoriginoftheStateSlavery（奴隶制）CritiqueofPlatosRepublicProperty（私有财产）:equalityorinequality?CitizenshipPoliticalsystemsDemocracyandoligarchy（寡头政治）Monarchy（君主制）LibertyandequalityTheruleoflawConstitutionalgovernment（合法政府）ThebeststatePoliticalmoderationandstability:themiddleclassesCausesofrevolutionHowtopreventrevolution,CritiqueofPlatosRepublic,communityofwomenandpropertyMoreunifiedBetterState；Againsthumannature;nevercometrue；Noproperty;novirtuePhilosopherKingtheprincipleofequality；againsttheprincipleofjustice；theprincipleoflaw.,02,ContentsofPolitics,NatureandoriginoftheStateSlavery（奴隶制）CritiqueofPlatosRepublicProperty（私有财产）:equalityorinequality?CitizenshipPoliticalsystemsDemocracyandoligarchy（寡头政治）Monarchy（君主制）LibertyandequalityTheruleoflawConstitutionalgovernment（合法政府）ThebeststatePoliticalmoderationandstability:themiddleclassesCausesofrevolutionHowtopreventrevolution,02,ContentsofPolitics,NatureandoriginoftheStateSlavery（奴隶制）CritiqueofPlatosRepublicProperty（私有财产）:equalityorinequality?CitizenshipPoliticalsystemsDemocracyandoligarchy（寡头政治）Monarchy（君主制）LibertyandequalityTheruleoflawConstitutionalgovernment（合法政府）ThebeststatePoliticalmoderationandstability:themiddleclassesCausesofrevolutionHowtopreventrevolution,03,ThebestState,Theartofgymnastic,Thegovernment.,Suitdifferentmodesoftrainingtodifferentbodies因材施教Naturebestandbestfurnishedwiththemeansoflife可行性Adaptedbymajority广泛接受Bestgood最低效益,多数人统治有什么意义？Forthemany,ofwhomeachindividualisbutanordinaryperson,whentheymeettogethermayverylikelybebetterthanfewgood,ifregardednotindividuallybutcollectively,justasafeasttowhichmanycontributeisbetterthanadinnerprovidedoutofasinglepurse.（“DemocracyandOligarchy”P8687）,Therearetwopartsofgoodgovernment:oneistheactualobedienceofcitizenstothelaw,theotherpartisthegoodnessofthelawswhichtheyobey.（“ConstitutionalGovernment”P92）,法治和人治哪个更好?为什么？,ThereforehewhobidsthelawrulemaybedeemedtobidGodandReasonalonerule,buthewhobidsmanruleaddsanelementofthebest;fordesireisawildbeast,andpassionpervertsthemindsofrulers,evenwhentheyarethebestofmen.Thelawisreasonunaffectedbydesire.（“TheRuleofLaw”P91）,法治优于人治的理由,04,Contribution,开创了政治学研究之先河；重经验、重归纳的研究方法，使政治思想的研究摆脱了神的束缚，把政治学变成了人的政治学；