（英语语言文学专业论文）《洛丽塔》中主要人物的阿尼玛和阿尼莫斯原型分析.pdf

ii ii 摘摘 要要 纳博科夫的洛丽塔曾一时掀起文学评论界的议论狂潮。当下， 洛丽塔 仍然拥有很多读者。为何时至今日，还会有这么多人热衷洛丽塔 ，纳博科夫 在这本书中所要表达的深层涵义究竟是什么呢？用荣格的阿尼玛和阿尼玛斯理 论可剖析其深层涵义。 洛丽塔讲述的是亨伯特，一个 42 岁的成熟男人与一个 12 岁少女洛丽塔的爱情故事。这段看似畸形的爱情，其实真正表露出来的是精 神层面上的需求与渴望。亨伯特把他的精神分别寄托在两个女人身上：安娜贝尔 他的初恋情人，和洛丽塔安娜贝尔的化身。亨伯特把精神世界的东西投射到 了现实世界中，其实他的这种投射是其内心的阿尼玛在起作用。而对于洛丽塔来 说，她本身就有一种对成熟男人的心理向往，她的阿尼玛斯驱使她把心中的形象 投射到亨伯特和奎尔蒂身上。我们通过亨伯特和洛丽塔的言与行，透析其两者真 正的内心世界，即亨伯特阿尼玛的投射及不同阶段所表现出来的行为特征，和洛 丽塔阿尼玛斯的投射及不同阶段所表现出来的行为特征。在心理循环的寻找中， 可更深一层探讨亨伯特内心的追求： 对永恒爱的追求和对完整人格的追求。 最终， 亨伯特意识到了要拯救自我的灵魂，拯救洛丽塔的灵魂，他把这种拯救提高到了 艺术层面，因为亨伯特明白了艺术的永恒才能让他所追求的永恒得到永恒。 关键字：关键字：阿尼玛, 阿尼玛斯,心理 i i abstract lolita by nabokov used to be widely discussed in literary critical field. nowadays, a number of readers are still reading lolita. why does lolita have so many faithful readers now? what is the deep meaning that nabokov attempts to express in the novel? using jungian theory of anima and animus, we can analyze the deep meaning. lolita tells a love story that happens between humbert, a forty-two-year old mature man and lolita, a twelve-year old girl. the love story is likely abnormal, but actually it shows the demand and desire in spirit. humbert reposes his spirit on two women: annabel his first lover and lolita the incarnation of annabel. humbert projects his psychological image into the reality which is driven by his anima. for lolita, she has a kind of psychological tendency toward mature man. she projects the image on humbert and quilty because of the driving of animus. we thoroughly analyze the inner world in humbert and lolita through their languages and behaviors, namely, the projection of humberts anima and his behavior feature on different levels and the projection of lolitas animus and her behavior on different levels. in wandering in a psychological circle, we can study humberts deeper pursuit: the pursuit for the eternal love and the pursuit for the completed self. finally, humbert realizes that he should save his soul and lolitas soul. he promotes such salvation to the art level, because he understands that only art can make what he pursues eternal. key words: anima, animus, psychology 学位论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的硕士学位论文，是本人在指导教师的指 导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容 外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成 果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的 方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 学位论文使用授权声明 本人授权沈阳师范大学研究生处， 将本人硕士学位论文的全部或 部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索； 有权保留学位论文并向国家主管 部门或其指定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版， 允许论文被查阅和借 阅； 有权可以采用影印、 缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、 汇编学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。 作者签名： 日期： acknowledgments id like to extend my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to professor guo zhongzhuang for his support and encouragement in my writing this thesis. i am also grateful to him for his careful feedback and detailed comments on the various drafts of this thesis. his willingness to share knowledge and ideas has been an invaluable source of inspiration as i worked through the thinking and writing process to complete my research. additionally, i also want to express my sincere gratitude to all other teachers who have read my thesis and given me helpful suggestions. this thesis is the accumulation of what i have studied from their courses. finally, i am indebted to the school of foreign languages, shenyang normal university, which has provided me with abundant reference materials needed for my research. any error that remains is my own. 1 1 chapter introduction a. a brief introduction to vladimir nabokov and his lolita vladimir nabokov was born on april 23, 1899 in st.petersburg russia. he was the first of five children. his father, vladimir dmitrievich nabokov, was a professor of criminal law and a prominent leader of the constitutional-democratic party in pre-revolutionary russia. his mother, elena ivanovna rukavishnikov, was the daughter of a landowner and philanthropist. nabokov can speak three languages, english, russian and french. there was a huge library in his family and he was a voracious reader, nearly 10,000 titles becoming his food. in 1916, his first literary work, a collection of poems, was privately printed in 500 copies. for the soviet revolution, the nabokov family began their exile life. in 1919, nabokov enrolled in trinity college, cambridge university, where he took a degree in russian and french literatures. in 1922, nabokov settled in berlin and had an intention to become a russian writer. in 1925, he met vera evseevna slonim, and got married with her. after their only child was born, they moved to france in 1937 and then emigrated to new york city, america in may 1940. during the european life, nabokov was prolific. he wrote nine novels, forty-eight short stories, several hundred poems, nine plays, many essays, reviews, translations, chess problems, and invented the russian crossword puzzle. at the beginning of arriving in the usa, nabokov worked as a teacher in wellesley college. when he was appointed as fellow of the museum of comparative zoology, harvard 2 2 university, he engaged in lepidopterological studies. in 1945, he became an american citizen. nabokovs mastery of the english language brought him the great accomplishment in writing. especially, the appearing of lolita aroused a world-wide attention and made him more famous than before. nabokov kept writing until he died on july 2, 1977. nabokov had his own style and especial concepts in fiction. generally speaking, his style focuses on differences in stead of similarities. he emphasized on the unique, not common. he once said “one of the functions of all my novels is to prove that the novel in general does not exist” (stephen 6). in terms of characters in his fictions, the protagonists are from all walks of life and they are not social beings in traditional sense. they are not interested in those social things, such as politic, religions, social cause, or current events. compared with those things, nabokov pays much attention on how an individuals active consciousness shapes reality. “all of nabokovs heroes were actually artists in disguise” proposed vladislav khodasevich, the russian poet and critic. in terms of his subject, nabokov has an attempt to explore the space, time, consciousness and consciousness beyond time. his art proposes to explore the boundaries of reality through the power of imagination. humbert in lolita is a good example to illustrate it. humberrts fantasy is always beyond time. in terms of his techniques, there are at least three differing realities the protagonists, the narrators and the authors. in lolita, humbert is the protagonist, also the narrator, between them, the authors 3 3 reality penetrates the butterfly complex. as readers, if we want to comprehend the meaning of his novel, we should apprehend it as a unity. lolita, as the representative work of nabokov, is controversial when it was published. it was refused by four american publishing houses because of the content which was regarded as pornographic work. when lolita was published in england, it aroused a hurricane in critical field. in 1958, the first american edition of lolita appeared and immediately gained the best-selling fame. lolita was termed “the supreme novel of love in the twentieth century” and is generally recognized as the finest of nabokovs novels and a classic of contemporary literature. what kind of story that lolita tells can arouse so great influence in the world? generally, the novel tells a story that a mature man falls in love with a twelve-year-old girl. humbert humbert, the protagonist, narrates the story in the form of confession. thus, the other name of lolita is the confession of a white widowed male. humbert was born in 1910 in paris, half-english and half-dutch. his mother died when he was three years old, his father brought him up. at the age of thirteen, he has an love affair with annabel leigh his childhood sweetheart. four months later, annabel died from typhus, which gave humbert a huge shock. after that, he suffered from the insanity. he got married with a woman named valeris who attracted him because of the imitation she gave of a little girl. but they divorced three years later. finally, humbert arrived in america and rented a house to live. the house he rented resided a widowed charlotte haze with her twelve-year-old daughter lolita. no soon 4 4 did he glimpse lolita then humbert recognized she was that person who he always pursed in his unconsciousness. gradually, they contacted with each other. at the moment that humbert planned something as his wish, mrs. haze planned to send lolita to the summer camp. during this period, humbert received a letter from mrs. haze who asked humbert to marry her, if not, let him move out. in order to live with lolita, humbert agreed and became the stepfather of lolita. unfortunately, one day, mrs. haze discovered humberts diary and knew what he loved was her daughter. then she decided to write letters to the boarding school for young ladies and her daughter lolita. on the way of posting letters, mrs. haze was killed by a passing motorist. after dealing with some things, humbert picked up lolita from the camp and lied to her that her mother was ill in hospital. from then on, they began their road-life. first, they came to a hotel named enchanted hunters, where they spent several nights and met a strange man quilty. the only time they left the hotel, when humbert told lolita her mother died of a car accident. lolita had no choice but to follow her stepfather. humbert took lolita to drive from one state to another, from a motel to another. after one years tour, they settled down in beardsley and lolita enrolled in a private girls school. in the school, lolita took part in a theatrical club, later, she had a strong desire to play a role in a play the hunted enchanters written by quilty. owing to the quarrel happened on the night before the opening of the play between humbert and lolita; they left the town and continued their journey. on the way of heading for hollywood, lolita disappeared mysteriously. immediately, humbert began to search for clues, trying to find out who abducted lolita and where 5 5 they went. eventually, humbert was so disappointed to give up the searching. during the period, humbert lived an abnormal life and had love affair with a ten-year- younger girl named rita. one day, he received a letter without return address from lolita. then lolita was seventeen years old, married and pregnant. she told humbert that she needed some money before her husband was able to work. without hesitation, humbert drove on the way to meet lolita. he begged lolita to return with him and promised he could give a better life to her, but he was refused by her. humbert got the address of quilty whom humbert was convinced the abductor to take lolita away. thus humbert took a gun to come to quiltys house to kill him. humbert was arrested and enjailed, where he spent fifty-six day finishing his novel, for the purpose that everyone could remember his lolita forever. he died of a heart attack on november 16, 1952, thirty-nine day later, lolita died in childbirth on christmas day. b. a brief introduction to archetypal criticism 1. the concept of archetype and the collective unconsciousness the archetype means “original pattern” in terms of the greek. an archetype is atavistic and universal, the product of the “collective unconscious” and inherited from our ancestor. plato was the first philosopher to elaborate the concept of archetypal or ideal forms and divine archetypes. for jung, archetype means a primordial image, a part of the collective unconscious, the psychic residue of numberless experiences of the same kind, and thus part of the inherited response pattern of the race. the final definition of archetype by jung is recognized as the “tendency to form and reform 6 6 images in relation to certain kinds of repeated experience” (fan 9). in fact, the contents of the collective unconscious are called archetypes. jung also called them primordial images. the archetype has no form of its own, but it acts as an “organizing principle” on the things we see or do. jung developed his own theory on the basis of his tutor freud. the theory devided the psyche into three parts: ego, personal unconscious, the collective unconscious. ego is identified with the conscious mind; personal unconscious includes anything that is not presently conscious, like our understanding of the unconscious in that it includes both memories that are easily brought to mind and those that have been suppressed for some reason. the collective unconscious is the reservoir of our experiences as human beings, a kind of knowledge we are born with. and yet we can never be directly conscious of it. it influences all of our experiences and behaviors, most especially the emotional ones, but we only know about it indirectly. the third part of his theory was the great contribution to psychology, even influenced many other fields. there are several typical archetypal images: the shadow, the persona, anima and animus etc. 2. anima and animus and their function and significance in archetypal criticism the paper comes down to anima and animus. the anima is the female aspect in the collective unconscious of men, and the animus is the male aspect in the collective unconscious of women. the anima may be personified as a young girl, or as a witch, or as the earth mother. it is likely to be associated with deep emotionality and the 7 7 force of life itself. the animus may be personified as a wise old man, or a tough guy, and tends to be logical, rationalistic, and even argumentative. to more concrete, anima is not only an archetypal female image in men, but also males personal complex to women. when we keep an eye on her, she will grow up and develop; when we ignore her, she will influence our psyche and behaviors through projection. the archetypal image in male both can be a motivation and a seduction. in fact, jung used to describe anima as a soul image. it plays some special role in psychology. men always have a tendency to project something on some female in reality, where he can see his anima and the psychological projection. jung divided anima as four levels: the level of eve, the level of helen, the level of mary, the level of sophia. the level of eve is the first stage. anima in this stage embodies on the oedipus complex. the level of helen is the second stage which mainly projects on the sexual love object. the level of mary presents the divinity in love. the level of sophia is the fourth, also the final stage in the development of anima. sophia, like muse, possesses the creative power in males inner world. (shen heyong 60) animus is an equivalent definition of anima, symbolizing the male part in female. the same as anima, animus is both an archetypal image and a female complex. jung divided animus into four parts as well: the heracles, alexandria, apollo, and hermes. the heracles is the first stage, referring to the athlete, muscleman and embodying the physical power. alexandria is the second level in the development of animus, embodying the capacity for independence, planned action and initiative. in the third stage of apollo, it refers to the cleric who can guide something 8 8 unconsciously. the fourth, the image in female is full of inspiration and creation. the anima and animus are the archetypes through which we communicate with the collective unconscious. it is also the archetype that is responsible for much of our life. c. thesis statement this thesis aims to interpret anima and animus in the main characters in lolita in terms of archetypal analysis. anima and animus are two typical archetypal images in archetypal criticism, which have the same position as the other images, such as persona, shadow, self etc. there are few persons to explore the application of anima and animus in literary text, especially, the novel lolita which is so controversial and studied from many angles, except archetypal criticism. the paper applies jungian theory of anima and animus, combining the experiences and psychology of characters in lolita to study anima and animus rooted in them. there are many people believing the love between humbert, a forty-two-year-old man and lolita, a twelve-year-old girl is abnormal but the paper interprets it in terms of anima and animus, providing a new perspective to illustrate the love, which undoubtedly, is an innovation. it is a pity that jung doesnt have enough explanations toward anima and animus, especially, the four levels development of anima and animus. but it doesnt affect the theories applied into the novel. this thesis involves a conscious effort of textual study and library research. 9 9 this thesis is divided into five chapters: introduction, anima in humbert humbert, animus in lolita, wandering in a psychological circle and conclusion. anima in humbert covers anima projection in humbert, the four levels of development in humbert, applying jungian theory of anima and animus. the third part, animus in lolita includes the animus projection in lolita and the four levels of animus development in lolita. the fourth part is wandering in a psychological circle, which mainly discusses humberts psychological world deeply, covering his pursuit of eternal love and his pursuit of completed self. to some extent, the last part of the body is to explore humberts psyche from another angle. due to availability of the research resources and limitation of personal research ability, this thesis, to a certain extent, still needs to be improved. 10 10 chapter anima in humbert hunbert a. anima projection in humbert. 1. annabel mao xinde names lolita the spiritual novel in t