摩根公司锚杆项目可研报告.doc

tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!Lesson59 In or out ？ 进来还是出去？Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. Lesson60 The future 卜算未来At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. I went into her tent and she told me to sit down. After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. That is all. As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. Where have you been hiding ? she asked impatiently. Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already. As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair. Lesson61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境In future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and to return to it. The ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planets. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. The spaceship Astra which left the earth a short time ago, will be travelling three hundred miles into space. At a certain point, the Astra will stop for a short time and an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it. We shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message. The first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. By that time, the Astra will have been flying through space for seventeen hours and will have circled the earth a great many times. When the first radio messages have been received, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.Lesson62 After the fire 大火之后Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. Lesson63 She was not amused 她并不觉得好笑Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Geoffreys closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. To his surprise, she said she hadnt. Geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!Lesson64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.Lesson65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a childrens hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the朔州市摩根矿山支护材料制造有限公司 预应力等强让压锚杆生产项目可行性研究报告山西省朔州市科学技术局二O一一年九月第一章 总 论1.1项目背景1.1.1 项目名称预应力等强让压锚杆生产项目1.1.2项目建设单位及可行性研究报告编制单位项目生产单位：朔州市摩根矿山支护材料制造有限公司可研报告编制单位：朔州市科学技术局1.2 项目单位项目单位概况朔州市摩根矿山支护材料制造有限公司成立于2009年8月，是以矿山巷道支护材料研发与生产为一体的一家新兴企业。目前，企业在册职工55人。其中，具有大专及大专以上文化程度的工作管理人员13名，具有较强的产品研发能力。公司自成立以来，经过各方努力，能够以一种良性的发展速度大踏步前进，且较快的实现了产值翻番。截止到目前，公司拥有三十余家客户长期订购产品，公司生产的产品，质量技术及售后服务不仅得到广大用户及业内人士的一致好评，并受到国内权威专家的肯定。1.2可研报告编制依据及研究范围1.2.1可研报告编制依据1.关于印发产业关键共性技术发展指南（2011年）的通知工信部科 2011 320号；2.投资项目可行性研究指南科技型中小企业技术创新项目可行性研究报告编制纲；3.山西省人民政府印发关于切实加强当前煤矿安全生产工作若干规定的通知的通知（晋政发电【2010】5号）；4.关于认真做好2011年 全省煤矿安全生产工作的通知（晋煤安发20111号）；1.2.2可研报告研究范围1）项目的必要性2）项目技术创新性和技术先进性3）项目产品市预测分析； 4）技术方案、设备方案和工程方案5）项目实施进度计划6）项目生产的投资估算与资金筹措； 7）项目生产的效益分析1.3项目概况 1.3.1 项目单位朔州市摩根矿山支护材料制造有限公司是一家新兴的中国矿山支护材料制造公司，成立于 2009 年 8 月 7 日，位于山西省朔州市平鲁区井坪镇。1.3.2生产目标拟生产预应力等强让压锚杆60万套/年。 1.3.3 主要原辅材料供应条件项目生产普遍采用的原辅材料为钢材和标准件由山东供应，供应条件十分方便。1.3.4 交通运输项目所在地位于朔州市平鲁区境内，109国道纵贯南北，与山西大动脉大运公路相接；元（元子河）芦（芦家窑）、安（安太堡）木（木瓜界）两条铁路专线与北同 蒲线接轨，交通运输十分便利。1.3.5 项目投入总资金及效益情况该项目总投资为800万元（包括铺底流动资金200万元），该产品属高技术产品，税后净利润为515.5万元。1.4主要技术来源、先进性、创新性1.4.1主要技术来源预应力等强让压锚杆是我公司经过长期研究、多次试验、反复试制，针对现有锚杆技术存在的不足进行的一次技术创新，此项技术已获国家专利（专利技术证书见附件），技术成熟程度已通过中试，实现批量工业生产，并成功地进行了应用试验。产品经过国家级质量检测中心检测，质量达到行业标准（检测报告见附件）。1.4.2主要技术创新性锚杆在围岩的支护中被广泛应用于煤矿行业，以及其它金属矿井、隧道、路基、护坡、水利工程等等。并发挥很大的作用。传统锚杆由于在使用中受到围岩错动压力的影响易被剪断或产生松动，导致锚杆失去支护作用，给生产带来安全隐患。预应力等强让压锚杆：预应力是指通过正确安装使用该锚杆，能够对所支护巷道产生预紧力，能够有效阻止和控制巷道的初期变形，对巷道维护起到良好的效果；等强是指通过合理的加工工艺过程，使杆体螺纹加工部分与未经加工部分强度一致，克服了传统工艺中螺纹部分强度低于其他杆体部分的缺点。让压是指给锚杆配备让压构件，提高锚杆抗变形和抵抗应力变化的能力。即在巷道总变形量超过锚杆杆体总变形量的情况下，使锚杆破断失效或巷道应力突然增加，使杆体突然受力增大而破断。在上述情况下，让压构件受力后先发生压缩变形，之后锚杆再产生拉伸变形，保持锚杆对巷道的有效支护。我公司研制生产的预应力等强让压锚杆是在特定的地质条件下，根据地应力大小，巷道顶板下沉量，及是否有冲击地压现象等，使让压构件满足适应变化，提高锚杆抵抗应力变化和控制锚杆的变形能力，在一定压力范围之内控制锚杆杆体变形，使锚杆保持对顶板的支护强度。该锚杆强度高，结构合理，顶紧力大，能够自动调整受力方向，增大对岩石的约束力，W钢带能实现机械化快速安装。可端锚、加长锚和全锚，主要用于高地压矿井大变形巷道的高强度支护。应用领域：煤矿巷道支护，同时也可用于铁路、水电等各类工程的高强度、永久性巷道支护。使用方法根据设计要求确定锚杆孔位，用钻机具打孔。等强锚杆等强螺纹锚杆 16*1.5m、18*2m、20*2.2m等强螺纹锚杆，左旋和右旋锚杆锚杆是当代煤矿当中巷道支护的最基本的组成部分,他将巷道的围岩束缚在一起,使围岩自身支护自身. 等强锚杆现在锚杆不仅用于矿山，也用于工程技术中，对边坡，隧道，坝体进行主动加固。锚杆作为深入地层的受拉构件，它一端与工程构筑物连接，另一端深入地层中，整根锚杆分为自由段和锚固段，自由段时指将锚杆头处的拉力传至锚固体区域，其功能是对锚杆施加预应力；锚固段时指水泥浆体将预应力筋与土层粘结的区域，其功能是将锚固体与土层的粘结摩擦作用增大，增加锚固体的承压作用，将自由段的拉力传至土体深处。该技术的应用方面取得了突破性进展，新产品集安装简便、环境适应性强、支护效果好、成本低廉等多种优点于一体。1.4.3主要技术先进性目前，在我国埋深超过1000米的煤矿储量占到总储量的53%，由于开采深度的增加，地应力不断扩大，传统的锚杆支护很难适应随应力增大而产生的巷道变形，经常出现因锚杆破断而产生的冒顶事故。冲击地压在我国煤矿时有发生，具有冲击地压危险性的矿井在我国占到一定比例，对这一类矿井，传统的支护方式很难保持冲击后巷道的相对完整和系统畅通，因为其他方式的支护，无法抵御瞬间应力变化和大变形量的巷道收缩。我国绝大部分矿井地质条件复杂，存在各种地质构造带，这些区域往往是应力升高区，传统的支护方式很难解决巷道的变形问题。 我公司生产的预应力等强让压锚杆应用的成功，为大埋深（1000m）高应力支护技术研究提供了成功的范例，具有一定借鉴意义。采用预应力等强让压锚杆支护，既加固了围岩，又给锚杆提供了可靠的着力基础，提高了岩层的自承和承载能力，有效地控制了巷道围岩的早期离层和动压的剧烈影响，可满足围岩变形激烈、松动范围大、受动压影响巷道的支护要求，是刚柔并济的主动支护形式。预应力等强让压锚杆加锚索组合支护，打破以往顶板差、锚杆间排距加密布置的惯例，取得比加密锚杆更为明显的效果。1.5总投资估算与资金筹措1.5.1总投资估算本项目总投资800万元。新增设备投资350万元，安装调试设备10万元，铺底流动资金440万元。 投资估算表 （单位：万元）序号设备名称规格型号单位数量单价合计备注主要生产设备及现场测试仪器表锯床GZ4330台24.59压力机Y32-100台16060真空回火炉VHS-60台14545滚筒式抛光机DMW台122回转式喷砂机DJ-1212T台14949顶板动态仪KY-82台102.424现场测试仪器锚杆测力计V1000A台150.812现场测试仪器锚杆测力计MYJ-20块200.816锚杆拉拔仪SC-20台21.53地应力测试仪SCT台16060压力试验机GWA-1000b台17070安装调试设备10流动资金440合 计8001.5.2资金筹措方案本项目总投资800万元，其中项目生产单位自筹550万元，申请银行贷款150万元，申请国家财政支持资金100万元。1.6项目生产的背景锚杆支护技术是巷道支护中的先进技术，主要应用于煤矿巷道支护。随着煤炭行业的迅速发展，煤矿对锚杆需求量也越来越大。煤炭是我国的基础能源，在国民经济中具有重要战略地位。据2007年统计，煤炭在我国一次能源生产和消费结构中的比例分别达到77.2%和70.3%。“十一五”期间，全国煤炭产量大幅快速增加，由2005年的22.05亿吨增加到2009年的29.7亿吨，平均每年增长1.92亿吨。据初步统计，全国已建成年产120万吨以上的大型现代化煤矿434处，核定能力12.63亿吨，占总核定能力的50.62%。其中，建成年产能力超过1000万吨的特大型煤矿25处，核定生产能力3.4亿吨。截止2008年底，全国已建成292处安全高效矿井，产煤8.6亿吨，占当年全国原煤总产量的30.9%，这些安全高效矿井的采煤机械化程度达90%以上，综合程度达到85%以上。锚杆支护技术已在国内外得到了普遍应用，已成为煤矿实现高产高效生产必不可少的关键技术之一，锚杆支护在大断面巷道、煤顶和全煤巷道、治空巷道、松软破碎围岩巷道等困难条件下得到成功应用，使得巷道支护效用得到显著提高，大大降低了支护成本。为解决特大断面巷道，受强烈采动影响巷道、治空留巷道等复杂困难条件支护难题，我国又相继开发出高预应力、强力锚杆等锚索支护技术，真正实现了锚杆的主动及时支护，充分发挥了锚杆的支护作用。截止目前，国有重点煤矿的煤巷锚杆支护率达到60%，有些矿区超过了90%，甚至达到100%。权威数据显示，我国每年对锚杆的需求量应不少于2亿套。在各项政策法令公开实施的情况下，扩大生产预应力等强让压锚杆项目，完全符合国家及地方政府的政策导向和产业政策。 1.7.项目建设的目的及意义1.7.1减少煤矿重大事故重大的需要煤矿井巷或工作面周围煤岩体由于弹性变形能瞬时释放而产生突然剧烈破坏的动力现象。常伴有煤岩体抛出、巨响及气浪等现象，具有很大的破坏性，是煤矿重大灾害之一。在我国具有冲击现象的地区分布广泛，并且随着开采深度的加大，冲击地压的危害将更加突出。冲击地压的防控在我国还将处于相对滞后的状态，亟待攻关解决。据2009年统计结果，在煤矿死亡事故中，事故起数和事故死亡数据第一位的是顶板事故，分别占总起数的47.8%和35.7%。因此，加强煤矿顶板管理，推广新型支护产品对减少煤矿事故具有重大意义。预应力等强让压锚杆的使用将对特殊条件下的顶板管理发挥举足轻重的作用预应力等强让压锚杆则是对治理冲击地压现象的良好尝试。通过让压构件的让压作用，能够保持巷道的整体性，并能使煤岩的弹性变形能量得到释放。1.7.2企业自身发展的需要随着人口的增加和经济的发展，我国资源相对不足的矛盾将日益突出。必须坚持资源开发与企业转型发展并举，把转型发展放在首位。生产、建设、流