外研必修五-Module5-Grammar-状语从句ppt课件

Unit5TheGreatSportsPersonalityGrammar,1,状语从句,2,Whatare“AdverbialClauses”?,在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句”。分类如下：,3,状语从句,1.时间状语从句,2.地点状语从句,3.原因状语从句,4.条件状语从句,5.让步状语从句,6.目的状语从句,7.结果状语从句,8.方式状语从句,9.比较状语从句,4,常用连词如下：as,when,while,till/until,nottill/until,before,since,after等。,1.时间状语从句,5,e.g.IwontknowwhereheisuntilIgetaletterfromhim.Till只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。,6,Its/willbe+一段时间before+一般现在时表示过了多久才Its/will（not)be+一段时间before+一般现在时表示没过多久就itsbeen+一段时间since+一般过去时,7,Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.Ithasbeen20yearssincewefirstsaweachother.,8,2)一些表示时间的名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。如：themoment,theminute,（一就）nexttime（下次）,every/eachtime（每次）。e.g.Themomenthecomes,Iwilltellhim.,9,3).介词也可以引导状语从句。如since,before,after。Iwouldliketoinviteyoutodoseveralexercisebeforecomingtoourkeypoints.,10,4)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly等副词也可引导状语从句。表示“一就”。AssoonasIreachhome,Iwilltellhimthenews.,11,5)a.hardlywhenb.scarcelywhen/beforec.nosoonerthan都相当于assoonas，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当hardly,scarcely及nosooner位于句首时,从句中的主谓要倒装。e.g.Nosoonerhadshegonethanithappened,12,.,1.IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice_Ipickedupthephone.whileB.afterC.IncaseD.theminute2.Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake_ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumers?whenB.untilC.beforeD.since,13,3._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.WithB.sinceC.AsD.While4.Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.whyB.whereC.whenD.while5.Hardly_intothevillage_itbegantorain.wehadgot;whenB.wegot;thanC.hadwegot;whenD.didweget;than,14,2.地点状语从句,地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。,e.g.a.Juststaywhereyouare.b.Whereveryougo,Illberightherewaitingforyou.,15,Whenhereadsabook,hishabitistomakeamark_themeaningisuncleartohim.A.thereB.whereverC.theplaceD.inwhich2.Ifyouaretravelling_thecustomsaretotallydifferentfromyourown,youmayfeelaculturalshock.A.intheplaceB.whichC.inwhichD.where,16,3.原因状语从句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是：because,since,as,for,nowthat及considering等。,e.g.Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.,c.f.Hemightbeill,forhedidntcometoschool.,表示“直接”原因。,表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。,17,JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,_thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.A.asB.ifC.whenD.where2.Somepeoplebelievethat_oilisrunningout,thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain.A./B.thoughC.forD.since,18,4.条件状语从句,条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),oncondition(只要),incase(假使),providing/provided(that),supposing（that）（假若，倘使），onconditionthat(条件是）等。,19,e.g.a.WellcomeovertoseeyouonSaturdayifwehavetime.b.Weshouldservethepeopleas/solongaswelive.,20,1.Wewillbeabletogetthereontime,_ourcardoesntbreakdownontheroad.assoonasB.asfarasC.aslongasD.aswellas2.Intimeofseriousaccidents,_weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless,21,3._youhavetriedit,youcantimaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When4.Theofficialsoonrealizedthat,_,thingswouldgetworse.unlessdealtwithproperlyifnotproperlydealingwithitunlessproperlydealtwithifdealtnotproperlywith,22,5.让步状语从句,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though,although,evenif,eventhough,while,nomatterwho/,however，as等。,让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。,23,1.Though/althoughThough/Althoughhewasold,heworkedhard.=Hewasoldbutheworkedhard.,注意一个典型的中国错误：though/although切不可与but连用。,24,2.as,谓语动词的倒装：Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry)Tryashemight,hedidntpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed,25,状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesntwanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.,26,表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）Childasheis,heknowalot.,27,3.while,while引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Icantaltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycannotbesolved,28,4.whetheror,whetheror引导的让步状语从句：这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.Whetheryoulikeitornot,youllhavetodoit.Whetherornotitrains,Imgivingapartytomorrow.Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.,29,5.whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句：Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相当于连接词短语nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection.,30,whatever或whichever,由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句，如：Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.,31,however,wherever或whenever,由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句。例如：However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)Wherever(=nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.WheneverImunhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.,32,6.eventhough和thougheventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；Mostofusignorethefoodadvice,evenif/eventhoughweknowittobetrue.,33,_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.WhileB.sinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.Theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject,_theexpenseshaverisen.aslongasB.eventhoughC.nowthatD.asthough,34,3._,heknowsmorethanotherchildrenofhisage.A.HoweveryoungchildheisB.ChildasheisC.NomatterhowyoungchildisD.Whatayoungchildheis4.Ireallywantthematch,howevermuch_.A.doesitcostB.costsitC.willitcostD.itcosts,35,5._wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.FornowB.NowthatC.BynowD.until6._,theideaoffhavingtoworkunderawomandefeatedhim.WantingthejobverymuchAlthoughwantingthejobbadlyThoughhewantedthejobverymuchHewantedthejobbadly,36,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的连词:,inorderthat,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,sothat,a.较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so有时可省;从句中要有情态动词，否则,就成为下一种句型：,b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,forfearthat;incase;lest(以免)等。,37,e.g.a.Wellsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.b.IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget.,注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用soastodo或inordertodo,e.g.Heranfastsothathemightarrivetherebeforetenoclock.,Heranfastsoastoarrivetherebeforetenoclock.,38,7.结果状语从句,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,sothat,suchthat;sothat等引导。,e.g.a.SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim.b.Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome.c.Hegottothestationfinally,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.,39,8.方式状语从句,描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as,justas,asif,asthough,accordingto等。,e.g.a.WemustdoasthePartytellsus.b.Leavethethingsastheyare.c.Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater.d.Itsoundsasifitisraining.,40,9.比较状语从句,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：asas,notso/asas,morethan,lessthan,themore+adj./adv.,themore+adj./adv.,e.g.a.Heisnotso/ashealthyashisbrother.b.Theyjumpedupanddownashardastheycould.c.JohnislesscleverthanPeter.,41,Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as2.Ifthingsareleft_theyare,theproblemswillneverbesettled,Imafraid.howB.asC.whatD.where,42,3.Carefulsurveyshavepointedoutthatasmanyas50percentofthepatientsdonottakedrugs_directed.likeB.soC.whichD.as4.Idarenotgothere_myparentswillseeme.incaseofB.forfearofC.inorderthatD.forfearthat,43,让步状语从句,让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。使用的连词引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether.or.;nomatter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，regardlessof+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，inspiteof。切记although不可与but连用,44,1.though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。,这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：,Though/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.,虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。,Although/Thoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.,他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。,用法：,45,值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：,Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.,她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。,2.as,though表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”。,as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。,46,Objectasyoumay,Illgo,(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,Illgo.),纵使你反对，我也要去。,Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.,(=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.),尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。,Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.,（=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.）,47,虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。,Fastasyouread,youcantfinishthebooksosoon.,纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。,3.evenif,eventhough表示“即使”，“纵使”,这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。evenif引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而eventhough引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。,48,Wellmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.,即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。,Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.,(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.),即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。,Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.,(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.),尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。,49,4.whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。,由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。,Youllhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryourefreeorbusy.,不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。,Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itstrue.,无论你是否相信，这都是真的。,50,5.“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。,Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.,(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.),无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的,Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.,(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.,不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。,51,但“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。,Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwontbelieveyou.(Whatever引导让步状语从句),无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。,Illeatwhatever(nomatterwhat)yougiveme.,(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。,Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(Whoever引导主语从句),不管谁来都受到欢迎。,52,此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：WhileIlikethecolor,Idontliketheshape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。,53,Readthesentencesandsaywhichunderlinedclauseis(a)time,(b)condition,or(c)concession.,1.Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.2.WheneverChineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics,theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuits.3.Butevenifhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.,Keys:1b2a3c,54,assoonasbeforeeversinceuntilwheneverwhile,1.Iwanttostay_thematchhasfinished.2._hewasaboy,Pelehadadream.3.YaoMingscored_thefirstminutehadpassed.4.Thephonerang_Iwasgettingchanged.5.Itwasclearwhothewinnerwouldbe_theracestarted.6._IseeavolleyballmatchI