呼吸系统组织学和胚胎学.ppt

,Respiratorysystem,Respiratorysystem,Nasalcavity,pharynx&larynx.Trachea&bronchi.Lung.,一、trachea,trachea(HE),Mixedgland,EM:epitheliumoftrachea,4.SmallgranuleC,1.CiliatedC,2.BrushC,3.GobletC,5.BasalC,Thewalloftrachea,1.Mucosa=epithelium+laminapropriapseudostratiatedciliatedcolumnarCiliatedC,gobletC,brushC,basalC,smallgranularC.2.Submucosa=CT+mixedglands3.Adventitia=16-20Cshapedhaylinecartilagerings.,atmosphere&alveolialveoli&blood(blood&tissue),Gasexchange,二、lung,LungLowpower,lung,parenchyma:bronchialtrees&alveoli.Principalbronchi(Br)lobular、segmentalBrsmallerBrbronchioleterminalbronchiolerespiratorybronchiolealveolarduct、alveolarsacalveoli.Conductionportion:aboveterminalbronchioles.Respiratoryportion:respiratorybronchioletoalveoli.Pulmonarylobule:bronchioleanditsramifications.,ConductionportionlobularBr&smallBr,EpitheliumGobletCGlandsCartilageplateSMC,Conductionportionbronchiole&terminalbrochiole,Simpleciliatedcolumnar.GobletC（）Gland（）Cartilageplate（）SMC,Rulesofstructuralvarianceinconductingportion,RespiratoryportionRespiratorybronchiole,ThewallisinterruptedSimplecuboidalEpi,claraCSMC,RespiratoryportionAlveolarduct&alveolarsac,Thewall,manyalveoliSMC*Simplecuboidal,squamous,Alveolarduct,Alveolarsac,NoSMC*,Respiratoryportionalveolus,肺泡管,SimplealveolarEpi.,(1)Respiratoryportion,#constituents：respiratorybronchiole，alveolarduct，alveolarsac，alveolus。1.RespiratorybronchioleThewall,fewalveoliopeninto.SimplecuboidalEpi,SMC.,(2)Respiratoryportion,2.Alveolarduct&alveolarsacThewall,manyalveoliopeninto.KnobsinthewallofalveolarductKnobsissphincter-likeSMC.,(3)Respiratoryportion,3.alveolus:typeIalveolarCtypeIIalveolarCalveolarseptum.,TypeIIalveolarC,macrophage,Elasticfiber,typeIalveolarC,TypeIIalveolarC,OsmiophilicMultilamellarbodies,blood-airbarrier,Alveoli,TypeIcellsquamous,coveredmostsurfaceofthealveoli.,TypeIIcellLM:roundorcuboidal,cellbodyprotrudeintothelumen.EM:osmiophilicmultilamellarbody,withabundantphospholipids.Functions:secretsurfactant,reducesurfacetension,stabilizealveoli.,Alveolarseptum:continuousCap.,elasticfiber.macrophagedustC.blood-airbarrierincludes:1.mucuslayeronsurfaceofalveoli2.typeIalveolarC3.BMofalveolarC4.delicatelayerofCT5.continuousCap.BM6.continuousCap.Endothelium.,Terminalbronchiole,Respiratorybronchiole,Alveolarduct,Alveolarsac,1,2,3,4,Rulesofstructuralvarianceinrespiratoryportion,Alveolarepithelialcell,TypeIcellcannotregenerate.TypeIIcellcandifferentiateintoTypeIcell.,*,keypoints,Thebasicstruc