10届博士英语考试复习资料.doc

感谢“乐乐”及“乐乐”师兄师姐为咱1109班提供复习资料感谢1110班一位帅哥同学为咱1109班提供复习资料声明：该资料未经任何官方或老师认可，纯属民间流传，没考到请勿怪罪！PART I 英语论文写作与发展Unit2QuestionAnswerKeywordsGeneral Functions1) easiness of retrieval2)easiness of highlightingLinguistic Features（重点）1) nominalization 2) limited number(2-8) 3)designated choiceWriting Requirements1) using required terms 2) placing in right location 3) spacing the keywords 4)adopting standard abbreviations,etcUnit 4Abstract5A原则.必考内容（问题可能是：简述写摘要的5A原则）The 5A strategy is 5 answers to 5 questions which will mention in the article.We can write a good abstract easily by mastering this 5A strategy.These are the 5 questions as follows.Q1:What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field?(background)Q2:What research topic is the paper to focus on?(main topic)Q3:What method or material do you use to support your main point of view?(specific investigations)Q4:What conclusion will you draw?(result & suggestion)Q5:What is the main contribution of the paper?(conclusion & contribution)Unit 5Introduction(重点：主要特征）structural Features of Introduction1) Starting with the research background 2)Transiting to the existing problem3) Focusing on the present researchUnit 9References重点：引文的分类Linguistic Features of ReferencesThere are many ways to prepare references,however,the following two majors systems prevail:1)name and year system(Harvard system) 2)citation order system以上是最可能出的四个简答题，每个10分（共40分），论文写作部分为50分，剩下10分应该和去年题型差不多，用划线，括号，方框，和画圈表示一个摘要里面哪些是研究的背景，哪些是研究的现状，哪些是本文将解决的问题，哪些是本文对此研究的贡献。答案略。其他非重点部分（论文写作部分）TitleGeneral Functions1) Generalizing the text 2)Attracting the Reader3)Facilitating the RetrievalLinguistic Features1) Using more nouns,noun phrases and gerunds2)using an incomplete sentenceWriting Requirements1) Be brief and concise 2)be specific 3)avoid question titles 4)being unified 5)being standardAuthor/affiliationGeneral Functions1) bearing authors responsibility 2)facilitating Retrieval and correspondence 3)heightening celebrityWriting Requirements1) printing format unified 2)number of authors3)professional title omitted 4)Address 5)internal units,etcAbstractLikely mistakes/common errors of Abstract1) mixed writing style 2)over-simplified statements 3)monotonous expression 4)incomplete contents5)displacement of information.PART II 国际会议本部分50分，预计题型和去年一样，10分是回答几种会议的区别。20分是翻译一封会议来信。20分是回复此信件。回信略。主要是格式要正确，最简单的就是齐头式。Different kinds of meetingsMeetingMeeting is a general and summary term of various kinds of assembly of people for a particular purpose.Conference重点Conference is a kind of formal meeting,often lasting for a few days.It is organized on a particular subject to bring together people who have a common interest.At a conference, formal discussions usually take place. Comparatively conference generally refers to a specialized professional or academic event.Symposium重点Symposium refers exclusively to the meeting for specialized academic discussion. At a symposium,experts,scholars,and other participants of a particular field discuss a particular subject.Compared with conference, a symposium is usually narrower and more specific in the range of topics.Congress重点The basic characteristic of a congress is that it is usually attended by representatives or delegates who belong to national or international，governmental or non-governmental organizations.It is held to discuss issues, ideas,and polices of public interest.And it is usually rather large in scale and generally representative and extensive.CoventionConvention is a kind of routine meeting.ForumForum is in fact a kind of public meeting,at which people exchange ideas and discuss issues,especially important public issues.Seminar重点Seminar is usually a class-like meeting,where participants discuss a particular topic or subject that is presented by several major speakers.Different from the general situation of a meeting,the presentations are mainly given by chief speakers,while other people first listen and then join them.In this sense, a seminar can be taken as lecturing plus discussion-the discussion being a follow-up of the lecturing.Workshop重点Workshop originally means a room or building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things,especially by using wood or metal.It refers to a period of discussion or practical work on a particular subject in which a group of people learn about the subject by sharing their knowledge or experience.ColloquiumColloquium is sometimes a formal word for seminar.it is usually a large academic seminar like panel discussion.题号回信信件参考1Write a letter to the symposium you are going to attend,concerning a particular matter in which you are especially interested.Zhu LeiMaterial Science and Engineering School Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi RoadWuhan 430070PRChina9 November 2010在此加入收信人名字 地址 邮编Dear Professor Jia-Ling Pu, I have received your invitation dated November 4, 2010, inviting me to attend the conference. Thank you for your kind invitation. I am pleased to accept your invitation, and because of something important to deal with in Beijing, I want to know the particular schedule of the conference, in order to make my routing appropriately. Thank you once again for your kind invitation and for your effort in making the conference a successful one. Best wishes.Sincerely yours,Zhu Lei2Write a letter asking for deduction or waiving of your registration fees.Dear Professor Jia-Ling Pu, I have received your invitation dated November 4, 2010, inviting me to attend the conference. Thank you for your kind invitation. Meanwhile, as a student , I have some financial problem.I have learned from Professor Cheng Li that representatives from developing countries will be financially supported for the attendance.Would you please send us two copies of application forms at your earliest convenience? Thanks and best wishes.Yours faithfully,Zhu Lei3Write a reply to an invitation from an international conference which has invited you to attend a session.Dear Professor Jing Zhang, I am very glad to receive your letter dated Nov. 4, 2010, inviting me to attend International Conference “The 2nd Beijing International Conference on Imaging :Digital Imaging and Applications(BICI 2010)” to be held in Beijing, China November29-31, 2010.Thank you for your kind invitation. I am pleased to accept your invitation and will send my paper titled Research and Application on Asphalt Concrete to the Paper Committee before the required date. This is a very good opportunity for exchange with the experts,I think I will learn much more knowledge from this International Conference.Sincerely yours,Zhu Lei4Write a cover letter to a person concerned,saying you intend to make some revisions of the title of your paper as well as a part of your abstract.Dear Dr. Robert Buckley, Enclosed herewith is the full text of my paper.Thanking for your advises , there are some modifications in both the abstract and the title of the paper which I submitted to you on 15th , October,2010. I apologize for any inconveniences caused therefrom. Sincerely yours,Zhu Lei5Write a letter for declination of invitation.Dear Professor Cheng Li, Thank you very much for your letter dated Nov. 4, 2010 inviting me to attend International Conference“The 2nd Beijing International Conference on Imaging :Digital Imaging and Applications(BICI 2010)” to be held in Beijing, China November29-31, 2010. Thank you for your kind invitation. I have pland to accept your warmhearted invite to get to Beijing in time .But unfortunately I would be abroad on that days.I am afraid I could not attend the Conference in time. Thank you once again for your kind invitation and wish the conference a successful one.Sincerely yours,Zhu LeiFinal Examination of the English Course for 2009 Ph.D. CandidatesPart 1 Academic Paper Writing (50%)1. What are the linguistic features of TITLE? Give your comments on the following titles or revise them if necessary?(1) Using more nouns, noun phrases and gerunds.(2) Using an incomplete sentence.1).On Learning Foreign Languages and Cultural Background TeachingThis is not a good title. First, the parallel parts of this title are not grammatically symmetrical. Second, it is not brief. It can be revised like this:Foreign Languages Learning and Cultural Background Teaching.2).Focusing on the Commuicative Skills-Advanced English Communication Course for Non-English Major Postgraduates in Tsinghua University.I think this is a good title.2. State the general functions of AUTHOR and AFFILIATION. Write your name and affiliation in English.(1) Bearing authors responsibility.(2) Facilitating retrieval and correspondence.(3) Heightening celebrity.X XSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, the Peoples Republic of China3. What is your understanding of the structural features of an introduction?An introduction usually starts with the research background, and then transits to the existing problem, and lastly focuses on the present research.4. What are the criteria in distinguishing a result from a conclusion?5. Analyze the following abstract.(1)Underline the part stating the research background.(2)Parenthesize the new survey instrument adopted in the present research.(3)Draw a box around the part indicating the focus of research.(4)Cricle the achievement and significance of the research.ABSTRACTIn an era of unprecedented technological advancement, engineering practice continues to evolve but engineering education has not changed appreciably. This schism(分裂) has prompted industry, government, and key constituents to question the relevancy and efficacy of current programs. Qualitative methodologies such as formal surveys and structured interviews can be used to capture and qualify industry expectations of needed attributes i.e. knowledge, skills, and experience for entry level engineering employees. Such instruments can provide key data useful in determining objectives and designing curricula to attain those objectives. This paper presents the results of a formal survey of 172 attributes related to the formal survey and database resulting from efforts of the categories. This is the first formal survey and database resulting from efforts of the Industry-University-Government Roundtable for Enhancing Engineering Education (IUGREEE) to initiate a continuing, evolving process to provide curriculum designers with important information from industry.Part 2 International Conference Communication (50%)Read the following conference notice, and do the exercise after it.Chulalongkon University(泰国朱拉隆功大学)in Thailand and the Asia CALL Association are co-organizing an international conference on “Information Technology and Universities in Asia ” from April 3-5, 2009, at the campus of Chulalongkon university in Bangkok. The conference will be a place where teachers, researchers, administrators and others who are interested in how to better use IT in realizing the mission of the university education get together to share ideas, opinions and research findings. Of special interest are papers and presentations that explore:(1) the cultural aspects of using IT in universities;(2) theoretical and collaborative research of “Web and Computer Assisted Language Learning in Asia”.All tapes of presentations (oral, workshop, or poster) will be welcome.Please send your abstracts (maximum 200 words) to Larry D. Chong at Chongldkyongju.ac.kr.Deadline of submission: January 15, 2009.Notification of acceptance: February 15, 2009.Plans are being made with notable publishing presses to publish selected papers in a bound volume. Participants whose papers are selected will have the opportunity to revise their paper for the volume after the conference. I should appreciate it if you could inform us before March 20- by telephone, fax or email whether or not you will be able to attend the conference so that we can make the necessary arrangements. Please feel free to contact us if you have any queries.1. Explain the following four different kinds of meetings: conference, forum, seminar and workshop. (10%)Conference is a kind of formal meeting and is organized on a particular subject to bring together people who have a common interest. Forum is in fact a kind of public meeting, at which people exchange ideas and discuss issues, especially important public issues. Seminar is usually a class-like meeting, where participants discuss a particular topic or subject that is presented by several major speakers. Workshop is a period of discussion or practical work on a particular subject in which a group of people learn about the subject by sharing their knowledge or experience.2. Translate the conference notice into Chinese. (20%)泰国朱拉隆功大学和亚洲CALL协会将于2009年4月3-5日期间在位于曼谷的泰国朱拉隆功大学校园内共同主办“信息技术和亚洲大学”国际会议。本次会议将为那些对如何更好地使用信息技术来实现大学教育任务感兴趣的老师、研究者以及管理者等提供一个交流观点、主张以及研究成果的舞台。我们对探索以下内容的文章和演讲尤为感兴趣：（1）在大学里使用信息技术的文化方面；（2）“亚洲网络和计算机协助的语言学习”的理论和协作研究。我们欢迎所有的演讲（口述，研讨会或者海报）。请将摘要（最多200个词）通过Chongldkyongju.ac.kr发送给Larry D. Chong.投稿截止日期：2009年1月15日。接收通告：2009年2月15日。我们正在与知名出版社计划以合订本的形式选择性地出版一些文章。会议结束后，文章被选中的与会人员将有机会修改他们的文章用于在合订本上发表。请于3月20日前通过电话、传真或者电子邮件的方式通知我们您是否参加本次会议，以便我们做出安排。非常感谢。如果您有任何疑问，请随时联系我们。3. Write a letter to Larry D. Chong in the standard format which includes inside address, date, salutation, the body of the letter, complimentary close, and signature. The letter can be concerned about your acceptance of their invitation or a cover letter informing him that you have revised your abstract as per their requirements. (20%)*Chulalongkorn University is located at 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok Thailand. The postal code is 10330X XSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi RoadWuhan 430070Peoples Republic of ChinaDecember 16, 2010Larry D. ChongChulalongkorn University254 Phyathai Road, PatumwanBangkok 10330ThailandDear Larry D. Chong,I have received your letter dated December 13, inviting me to attend the international conference on “Information Technology and Universities in Asia”. Thank you for your kind invitation.I am pleased to accept your invitation and will send my paper to the paper committee before the required date.Thank you once again for your kind invitation, and I am looking forward to meeting you soon in Bangkok.Sincerely yours,X X此次博士生英语考试的题型有：论文写作方面主要是回答问题、分析等。国际会议：阅读一篇sample presentation，然后回答问题； 阅读一则国际会议通知，翻译其中的一段话，并按要求写一封信。重点章节：英语论文写作与发表Unit 2; Unit 4；Unit 5; Unit 9 国际会议交流英语Unit 1; Unit 2请认真复习每个章节的所有内容， 包括其中的举例说明。从每章节的Topical Highlights 到课后的练习都要看。Title writing requirements (1) Be Brief and Concise;Generally, a title is composed of no more than twenty words (not too long). Meanwhile, the title must be long enough to describe the content of the paper (not too short).(2) Be Specific; A general and abstract title should be avoider.(3) Avoid Question Titles;(4) Being Unified;The parallel parts of a title should be grammatically symmetrical. In general, nouns and gerunds should not be mixed in a given title.(5) Being Standard.In general, nonstandard abbreviations and symbols, and /or terms or phraseology intelligible only to the specialist should be avoided.Title Analysis(1) Reduction of Motion Artifacts Using a Two-Frequency Impedance Plethysmograph and Adaptive FilteringAnalysis: this is a good title. Being concise and sasy to understand, it functions perfectly, with a small number of words to introduce the main content of the paper.(2) A new frequency domain speech scrambling system which does not require frame synchronization Analysis: this is a poor title. It is not concise, for it contains a subordinate clause, which is usually not encouraged. A more concise version could be: A New Frequency Domain Speech Scrambling System not Requiring Frame Synchronization.(3) Effects of acute changes in canine LV-chamber volume and shape on accuracy of impedance catheter estimates of LV-chamber volumeAnalysis: again, this in not a satisfied title. First, it seems a bit too long. Second, the abbreviated word “LV” is unfavorably used in the title, which may hinder the reader from immediate and correct understanding of its specific meaning especially when the title appears separately in the title indexing. Third, the same expressions “LV-chamber volume” is used twice in the same title.(4) On Learning Foreign Languages and Cultural Background Teaching改为：Foreign Language Learning and Cultural Background Teaching(5) A Research on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Applied in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics改为：An Application of the Artificial Neural Network in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics(6) Developing Computer Internet and the Spread of Culture and Information改为：Developing Computer Internet and Spreading Culture and Information(7) Inputting Cross-cultural Information for More Effective English Teaching by Means of Inputting Cross-cultural Communication in General College English Teaching改为：Inputting Cross-cultural Information for More Effective English Teaching-A Means in General College English Teaching(8) Is Literature Useless in TOEFL?改为：How to Use Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language(9) Innovation and the Materials RevolutionThis title is a little bit too general.(10) Phase Equilibria (平衡) Between Fluorothene (聚氯三氟乙烯) and Organic SolventsThis is a good title.(11) Can the Rate of Wash Load Be Predicted from the Bed Load Function?改为：