非谓语动词的应用和练习课件.ppt

,非谓语动词,动名词现在分词过去分词不定式,动名词,1.作主语Smokingisnotallowedhere.Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelp.,2.作宾语Ialwaysenjoygoingtothemovie.Wouldyoumindmakingalittlelessnoise?Youdbetteravoidputtingcoinsnearthechild.Icanthelpthinkingso.Haveyoufinisheddoingtheexperiment?,Isuggestwaitingtilltherighttime.Hedidntadmithavingmadeabigmistake.Howcanyouescapebeingpunished?Idontfeellikeeatingicecreamnow.Icantimaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.Pleaseforgivemytreatingyoulikethat.Haveyouconsideredgoingabroadforfurtherstudy?,YoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishwheneverpossible.Wemustriskgettingcaughtinastorm.Heinsistedongivingtheprizetohisadvisor.Hesucceededindiscoveringthenewelement.Myfatherhasgivenupsmoking.Imlookingforwardtoreturninghome.AreyouusedtoeatingChinesefood?,动名词与不定式作宾语的区别,Whenhetoldusthestory,wejustcouldntstoplaughing.（停止作）OnthewaytothestationIstoppedtobuyapaper.（停下来去作）,Iremembertellingmymother.（记得做过）Doremembertotellyourmother.（记得去做）,Iregretnothavingtoldherearlier.（对作过的事表示后悔）IregrettosayImustleavetomorrow.（遗憾地；动作正在发生或将要发生）,Haveyouforgottenmeetingherbefore?（忘记做过）Iforgottoposttheletter.（忘记去做）,Illtrypersuadingtheguard.（试着，试验）Theangrymantriedtocalmdown.（努力）,3.作定语动名词作定语，表示名词的用途shoppingcenterlivingconditionwalkingstickreadingroom,Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanhour.（意味着）Wheredoyoumeantogoinyourvocation?（计划，打算）,现在分词,1.作定语现在分词作定语，表示主动，进行的意义，通常可改为定语从句Dontwakeupthesleepingboy.(Dontwakeuptheboywhoissleeping)Thereisapianostandinginthecorner.(Thereisapianowhichisstandinginthecorner),2.作宾补1）感官动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listento,lookat,smell,feel,find接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的主动意义Isawthedogdiggingholesintheyard.Canyouhearsomebodyplayingthepiano?Lookatthesnowfalling.Shesmeltsomethingburning.,2）使役动词如have,get,set,keep,leave,catch接现在分词作宾补，强调动作的持续性Thebosshasthemworkingalldaylong.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?Thejokesetthemalllaughing.Hisactionsetmewondering.Theteacheroftencaughthimsleepinginclass.,作状语,现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。,Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）,Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）,Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）,Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随）,Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）,3.作状语1）时间：Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.,2）原因：Beingfestival,theshopsarecrowded.,3）伴随：Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.,4）条件：Iftravelingnorth,youmustchangeatLeeds.Pleasepayincash,unlesspayingbycreditcard.,5）让步：Althoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.,6）结果：Thescientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.,现在分词的时态和语态,Arrivingatthestation,theyfoundthetrainhadalreadygone.Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed.Notbeinginvited,thegirlattendtheparty.Havingbeensenttothecountryside,hehadtoleavethecity.Thebuildingbeingbuiltmowisourphysicslab.,4.现在分词与过去分词作形容词的区别Thisisaninterestingmovie.Iminterestedinthemovie.,Thenewsissurprising/shocking.Imsurprised/shockedatthenews.,Themusicispleasingtotheear.Impleasedwithwhatyouvedone.,Whathesaidwastouching/moving.Imtouched/movedbywhathesaid.,Thisisaworryingproblem.Imworriedaboutit.,Hisanswerissatisfying.Imsatisfiedwithhisanswer.,Wehadarelaxingvocation.Imrelaxedinthevocation.,Whatafrightening/terrifyingexperience!Iwasfrightened/terrified!,Thesequestionsareconfusing/puzzling.Imtotallyconfused/puzzled.,5.分词的完成式(havingdone)表示分词的动作发生在主句动作之前Havinginvitedhimheretospeak,wedbettergotohislecture.Havingbeenillforalongtime,heneedsmoretimetorecover._theletter,heputitcarefullyinhispocket.(fold),6.特殊用法1）用于禁令中：Nosmoking.Noparking.,2）用于come,go之后：Comedancingthisevening.Yesterdaywewentsight-seeing.,3）表示被动：TheworksofShakespeareareworthreading.Myhairneedscutting.(Myhairneedstobecut.)Theprojectwants/requiresdiscussing.(Itneedstobediscussed),7.其它常见说法Imbusydoingmyhomework.Doyouhaveanydifficultyinfindingajob?Hespenttwomonths(in)finishingthestory.Itisnousetryingtoexcuseyourself.,Itisnogoodcomplainingnow.Dontwastetimetalking.Theresnotellingwhatwillhappen.（说不好）Thereisnopointinexplaining.（毫无意义）,过去分词,1.作表语:用于被动语态或表示状态Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.,2作定语：表示被动，完成的意义developedcountry;fallenleaves;lostchildIsthisthebookwrittenbyHenryJames?Halfoftheguestsinvitedtothepartywereforeigners.,3作宾补(make/have/getdone)ShecantmakeherselfunderstoodinEnglish.Thewritermadehimselfknownbythisnovel.Hecouldntmakehimselfbelieved.Canyouhavetheradiorepaired?Hemanagedtogetitdoneontime.,4作状语1）时间：Seenfromadistance,theislandlookslikeacloud.,2）原因：Surprisedatthenews,Iwasunabletosayaword.,3）伴随：Sheturnedup,dressedinpink.,4）方式：Hehurriedin,followedbytwoguards.,5）条件：Givenenoughtime,Icoulddoitbetter.Unlesschanged,thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.,6）让步：Althoughmadetwentyyearsago,theTVisstillinperfectorder.,不定式,1作主语Toswimintheseaisgreatfun.Whattodonextwillbediscussedlater.Itisimportanttobeconfident.Ittakesabout5or6hourstogetthere.,2作宾语英语中下面几类词用不定式作宾语：,1）hope,want,expect,wish,desire等表示希望，想要的动词Thethiefdesiredtogetthatlargesumofmoney.,2）like,love,dislike,hate等表示好恶的动词Ihatetoaskmyparentsformoney.,3）plan,intend,mean,prepare等表示计划，打算的动词ImeanttohelpyoubutIwastoobusy.,4）decide,determine等表示决定的动词Wearedeterminedtoteachhimagoodlesson.,5）其它Icantaffordtobuyacar.Myparentsagreedtobuymeanewbike.,Everyoneinthevillagehelped(to)buildtheYouthCenter.Ifailedtopasstheexam.Hemanagedtogotoafamousuniversity.Letscontinuetopractice.Idontdaretoasktheteacheraboutmyscores.Youneedtostudyharderfromnowon.,3.作表语,1）表示将要发生的事Thequestioniswheretofindwater.Whatworriesmeistospeakatthemeeting.,2）表示目的性Thepurposeofthisprogramistointroduceknowledgeaboutsciencetotheyouth.,3）表示情态意义（应该）Nobodyistoknow.（不应让任何人知道）Sheistoblame.（她应该受到责备）WhatamItodoifIfailtheexam?,4作宾补英语中下面几类词用不定式作宾补：1）let,have,make,get等表示使役的动词let/have/makesb.dogetsb.todo,2）ask,tell,request,order等表示要求，命令的动词Thechairmanrequestedthememberstobesilent.,3）allow,permit,forbid等表示许可或禁止的动词Theguardforbademetoenter.,4）wish,want,expect,intend等表示希望的动词(hope无此用法)Manyparentsexpecttheirchildrentostudyabroad.,5）see,hear,watch,feel,notice等表示感观的动词Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.注：这些词后的不定式均不带to,6）think,consider,believe,find,know,suppose,prove等表示认为，相信，证明的动词Iconsiderhimtobeoneofthebestsingersinthecountry.Itsprovedtobetrue.SheisbelievedtohavegonetotheUSA.,7）其它HeadvisedmetoreadEnglishasoftenaspossible.Imsurethistreatmentwillhelphim(to)becured.HowcanIpersuademyfathertogiveupsmoking.Hewasencouragedtodosomethingnewforachange.,Policewarneddriverstoavoidtheroadsthroughthecenteroftown.Itcausedthelittleboytocryloudly.Thestudentsareforcedtodosomethingtheydontlikeatall.IwasinvitedtogotoJennysweddingparty.Pleaseremindmetotaketheraincoat.,5作定语1）不定式与所修饰的词有动宾关系（注：如不定式为不及物动词，其后应有介词）Ihadonlyfivedollarstospareattheendofthetravel.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.Thisisagoodruletogoby.,2）不定式作定语表示即将发生的事情Imbusypreparingfortheexamtocomeinafewweeks.ThelecturetofollowisaboutAmerica.,3）常跟不定式作定语的名词AutumnisthetimetovisitBeijing.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.Itsagoodwaytomakegirlshappy.,HemadeagreatefforttoimprovehisEnglish.Chaplineisthefirsttospreadmovietoallpeople.Hewouldbethelasttoagreetotheplan.Heisthebesttoattendthecompetition.,6.作状语,1）表目的Thewholefamilywenttobeachtospendtheirweekend.Iwrotetotheadvertiserinordertogetmoreinformation.Letshurrysoasnottobelate.,2）表原因Heisshockedtohearoftheaccident.Imsorrytotroubleyou.,3）表结果Youmustbecrazytocheatintheexam.Iwenttotheclassroomonlytofindnobodythere.,7疑问词+不定式Ireallydontknowwhichonetochoose.Shelearnedhowtodrivejustrecently.Canyoutellmewhattodonow?Pleaseshowmehowtostarttheengine.,8不定式的独立结构Totellthetruth,Iknownothingaboutit.（说实话）Tobeexact,heisamiddle-agedman.（确切地说）Tobefrankwithyou,Idontcareatall.（坦白地说）Tobesure,wecandoitwell.（当然）Tobehonest,youdontfitforthejob.（老实说）,Toputitanotherway,youmustgetanAinthefollowingexam.（换句话说）Tobebrief,thisiswhatwemustdo.（简言之）Toconclude,youhavetotryyourbesttowinthematch.（总之）Todohimjustice,heisnotabadperson.（说句公道话）Tobeginwith,Iwanttointroducemyself.（首先）,9.其它常见用法,1)Itis/was+adj.+of/forsb.todo当形容词属于人的内在品质或表现时，用of,如clever,foolish,wrong,nice,brave；表示作某事对于某人来说如何，用for，如important,necessary,easy,difficult,possibleItwasverythoughtful（关心体贴的）ofhertocometoseemewhenIwasill.Itsimpossibleforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.,2)常接不定式的形容词Imanxious/eagertoknowtheresult.（渴望）Hesalwayswillingtohelpothers.Imabletodoitbymyself.Mygrandparentsarecontenttoliveinthecountryside.（满足于）Pleasefeelfreetoaskquestions.（随便）Imreadytogo.Heslikelytobelate.（可能）,3)Ittakes/took(sb.)+time+todosth.Ittakestenminutestowalktothestation.,5)Why(not)/WhydontyoudoWhynotgototheshowwithustonight?,4)hadbetterdoYoudbetternotplayjokeonhim.,6)wouldratherdoIdratherbetoldthetruththanbeliedto.,7)tooto/enoughtoImtootiredtostayuplater.Thepearisripeenoughtoeat.,8)wouldprefertodoAratherthandoBIwouldprefertodosomethingusefuloutsideratherthanstayathome.,9)donothingbutdo（只是，只能）Icoulddonothingbutwait.Hedoesnothingbutasksillyquestions.,10.不定式的不同时态,1）进行式(tobedoing)表示不定式的动作和主句的动作同时发生Heissaidtobeplayingapartinthefilm.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.,2）完成式(tohavedone)A.表示不定式的动作发生在主句的动作之前Heseemedtohavefinishedhiswork.,B.表示原本打算，但未能实现的事Imeanttohaveinvitedyoutomyhouseyesterday.TheyplannedtohavebeenmarriedinMaybuthadtoputitofftillJune.,11不定式的被动语态Shefeltalittlepuzzledtobeaskedsuchaquestion.,1）make后的不定式，主动语态时不带to，但被动语态时有toHewasmadetowork20hoursaday.2）help后的不定式，主动语态时有无to均可，但被动语态时必须有toLilywashelpedtoovercomeherfearofheight.,Exercises,1.Whowillyou_thearticleintoJapanese?A.havetranslatedB.havetranslateC.havetotranslateD.havetranslating,B,2.Thosewhohavequestions_,raiseyourhands.A.askB.toaskC.askedD.asking,B,3.IfIcanstopthem_there,Illdoit.A.goB.togoC.goneD.going,D,4.Weallthinkitmostfoolish_thismistake.A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake,B,5.Thereused_apostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.A.tobeB.tobeingC.tohaveD.tohas,A,6.Hesquiteused_inallsortsofweather.A.flyB.toflyC.toflyingD.toflied,C,7.Yourshoesaredirty.Theyneed_badly.A.washB.washedC.towashD.washing,D,8.Theteacherspentalotoftime_mewithmygrammar.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping,D,9.Pleasecomeearly.Dontkeepus_forlong.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waited,10.Shesuggested_foranoutingnextSunday.A.goB.togoC.goingD.gone,11.Ihappened_aboutthewell-knownsinger.A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.known,C,C,B,12.Wouldyourfriendsmind_alittlemoresoftly?A.tospeakB.spokenC.speakingD.speak,13.Theboywouldrather_thesmallonethanthebigone.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.taken,14.Theshygirldoesntlike_atinpublic.A.laughingB.tolaughC.laughedD.beinglaughed,C,A,D,15.Ifirstconsidered_tohim,butthendecided_him.A.writing;seeingB.towrite;toseeC.writing;toseeD.nottogo,16.Doyouconsideritbetter_?A.notgoingB.notgoC.nothavinggoneD.nottogo,17.Thedoctordideverythinghecould_thepatient.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved,C,D,B,18._his_English,WangLingworksmuchharder.A.Toimprove;sp