课件类：高三英语专题讲解.ppt

,Howtograspthemainideaofapassage?,1).Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2).Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthispassage?3).Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4).Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5).Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.6).Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,I.mainidea型,即:主题型.,II.topic或title型,即:标题型.,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,标题的选择,标题归纳属于深层理解题。标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达形式。在阅读中，同学们不仅要能概括出文章的中心思想，还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出文章的标题。,拟定标题的三原则：,1.概括性原则概括性原则要求标题在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨大意。要防止以点代面，以偏概全。2.针对性原则针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。它要求标题外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度，要直接指出文章的主旨。3.醒目性原则标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。醒目的标题可以吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。,破解方法：通过寻找主题句往往很容易确定文章的标题。但大多数文章并没有明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题，这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来归纳标题。,主旨大意（一）,主旨大意题属深层理解题。这类题要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析，然后做出判断，从而得出合理的结论。,破解方法:“寻找主题句”是破解主旨大意行之有效的方法，找准文章的主题句是解题的关键。关于文章主题句的位置的呈现有以下五种情况：1.主题句出现在文章开头。2.主题句出现在文章结尾。3.主题句首尾呼应。4.主题句出现在文章中间。5.主题句不明确（隐含在文中）。,1.正三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文章开头。文章开门见山地提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句。新闻报道、人物介绍或很多的议论文及说明文常采用这种方法。新闻报道的首句常常是新闻导语，导语实质就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。议论文的开头往往是论点，论点是全文的核心。说明文的开头是引子，也是文章的主题。2.倒三角写作法：即主题句出现在文章的结尾。作者往往先摆事实，表述细节，然后做结论、归纳要点、提出建议，以概括文章主题。,主旨大意（二）,3.圆形写作方法：为突出主题，有的文章先在开头提出主题，在结尾处再次点出主题，以达到首尾呼应。通常，文章前后对主题的表述不是简单的重复，后者是对前者的引申或发展。,主旨大意（三）,4.菱形写作方法：有些文章的主题句出现在文章的中间（不一定是正中间）。这类文章一般是从支撑细节开始，发展到结论(出现主题句）。当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持、说明和发展。其安排表现为：次要主要次要。,5.正方形写作方法：有些文章没有明显的主题句，其主题隐含在全文各个段落中。在这种情况下，同学们要综合各段的中心思想，进行逻辑推理，从而归纳出文章的主旨大意。,Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Theythingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChildsActions.,B,Paragraph2:InAmericawehaveHalloween.InMexicotheyhaveTodosSantos,whichmeans“AllSaints”.Thisisthedayinwhichpeoplerememberfamilyandfriendswhohavedied.Theyvisitthecemeteryinsteadofgoingouttotrick-or-treat.Buttheydohavepicturesofskeletonsandghostshangingaround.Theyalsohavemanycandyskullstoeat.Q:Whatdoesthestorymainlytell?,WhatholidaysarelikeWhatHalloweenislikeinMexicoC.WhathappensduringTodosSantosD.WhatwedoonHalloween,C,Passage1:Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?,HowpeoplestayhealthyHowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams,C,Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trendintheU.S.continuestogrow.JohnandJimarenotunusualpeople.Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostofliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourself,youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodonthavetimetotakeacourse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.Q:Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheJoyofDIYB.YoucanDoitToo!C.WelcometoOurDIYCourse!D.RossandHatfield:BelieversinDIY,B,Passage2Boston-ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan.WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercitysFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?,ATheftTookPlaceinBostonArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.InvestigationintotheTheft,B,Paragraph1:Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillitTakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately(精确),withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity(自如).Q:Thefirstparagraphtellsus_.whatautomaticityishowaccuracyisacquired(获得)C.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained.,A,InShanxiProvinceyoumaybeofferedbrainstoeat.Frightened?Youshouldntbe,becausethesebrainsareonlyakindoffood,whichisfamousforitsunusualnameandrichnutrition.(营养).Brainsasakindoffoodwereinventedmorethan300yearsagobyFuShan,anartistwhosemotherhadbeenillforalongtime.Tohelpherbecomewellagain,hestudiedmedicineandinventedakindofsoupmadeofmeat,vegetablesandanumberofChinesemedicines.Richwinewasalsousedinthesouptohelpillnesscausedbyoldage.Fussoupbecamethetalkofthetown.Manypeoplecametoseehim.Onedayarestaurantowneraskedhimwhatwasinthesoup.“Illtellyou,”Fusaid,“butifyourrestaurantisgoingtoselltosoup,youmustcallitbrainsbecauseofitsshapeandcolor.Andyourrestaurantshouldberenamedaftermymother.”Q:Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.A.AGoodSonB.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveLongLife,B,Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistimeheplannedagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthento“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidnthaveanyrealcommercial(商业性的)success.Q:Thetextismainlyabout_.A.LexicoB.ThreemenC.AwordgameD.AlfredButts.,C,C,OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledinto