新课程人教版高二Book7 Unit2 RobotsLearning about language课件.ppt

Learningaboutlanguage,MymotherfeltalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.MymotherwasalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.,Lookatthesentences.,Thoughthestructureseemslikeapassivesentence,itisnot.Apassivesentenceindicatesapassiveactionwhilethissentencedescribesasituationwhensomeonehasthefeelingofalarm.“alarmed”isanadjectiveformedbyV+ed.,Key!,不定式的基本形式,DiscoveringusefulstructuresGooverthepassivevoice当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、作状语。,1.Itsanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Shedidntliketobetreatedasachild.3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.4.Therearealotofthingstobediscussed.5.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.,作主语,作宾语,作表语,作定语,作状语,不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分,注意：感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to。能这样用的动词有:make,have,let,see,hear,notice,listento,watch等。如：Weoftenseehimactlikethat.=Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.我们常常看到他这样做。,2)在canthelpbut,havenothingtodobut结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：Icanthelp(but)suspecthismotive.我不禁怀疑起他的动机。,3)在动词want,hope,manage,offer,promise,pretend,agree,expect等之后，用不定式作宾语；另外在动词tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,forget等后，常用一个带连接代词/副词的不定式作宾语。如：Wemustdecidewhethertogoorstay.我们得决定去还是留。,不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定的被动形式。如：Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?(towash的主语为句子的主语you，其逻辑宾语为anything。)你今天要洗什么吗？,Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?(tobewashed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)你有什么要其他人洗的吗？,在Therebe/seem+主语+todo表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义（也就是说，我们可能会见到被动形式，但主动形式要好得多）。Theresnotenoughfoodtoeat.(Thefoodiseaten.)没有足够的食物吃。,Theresnochairtositon.(Thechairissaton.)没有椅子坐。但在下列句子中，只能用主动形式。如：Theresnotenoughfoodforustoeat.我们没有足够的食物吃。,3.在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如：Theworkisimpossibletofinishintwodays.(Theworkisfinished.)工作不可能两天之内完成。Englishisnotsoeasytolearn.(Englishislearnt.)英语并不好学。,在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用betoblame；“（东西等）出租”用tolet。如：Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.他应为他所做的受责备。Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。,假如不定式所表示的动词，在谓语所表示的动词（或状态）之前发生，该不定式要用完成式。如：Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.=ImgladthatIhaveseenyourmother.很高兴见过你母亲。,解读动词不定式,误：Wedontallowtosmokeinthelecturehall.正：Wedontallowsmokinginthelecturehall.正：Wedontallowpeopletosmokeinthelecturehall.,解析：在allow后跟动名词作宾语；当allow后有宾主时，则用不定式作补语，即allowsbtodosth。,2.误：Shewasthefirstpersonthinkingoftheidea.正：Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.,解析：当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,3.误：Weneedsomepapertowrite.正：Weneedsomepapertowriteon.,解析：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须跟相应的介词。但如果不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).他没有钱，也没有住的地方。,4.误：Thequestionbeingdiscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.正：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.,解析：beingdiscussed表示动作正在进行，而根据attomorrowsmeeting可动作发生在将来，故用tobediscussed表示。,5.误：Thisboywasseencomelatethismorning.正：Thisboywasseentocomelatethismorning.,解析：感官动词和使役动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式需要带to。,(2007辽宁卷)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak,实战演练,解析：C本题考查非谓语动词的时态。由sb.bereportedtodosth.句型，先排除A，B。因为break这个动词发生在report之前，所以应用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。该句相当于ItwasreportedthatLiuXianghadbrokentheworldrecordinthe110-metrehurdlerace.,2.(2008全国卷I)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,解析：B本题考查非谓动词。在形容词good,easy,difficult,important,impossible等之后一般用主动形式表示被动意义。该句可转化为Itissogoodtobreathethemorningair.,3.(2008湖南卷)_theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete,解析：D本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了按计划完成工程，我们必须每天多干两个小时的活。tocompletetheprojectasplanned作目的状语。,I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.Hewantedtheletter_(type)atonce.2.Itisthefirstsuchproject_(design)byChineseengineers.,练一练,tobetyped,tobedesigned,3.Theyknewhim_(arrest)bythepolice.4.Hellshowyoutherightpath_(take).5.Hesaidhewas_(send)theretoattendanimportantmeetingnextFriday.,tohavebeenarrested,totake,tobesent,6.Shedidntwantherson_(take)away.7.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_(tell)everything.8.Sheisbusypreparingfortheexams_(hold)nextmonth.9.Hehurriedtothestationonly_(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.,tobetaken,tohavebeentold,tobeheld,tobetold,1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,II.Choosetherightanswer.,B,2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only_thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,B,3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,D,4.LittleTomshouldlove_tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking,A,5.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto_manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto_plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;use,A,6.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,C,7.He_andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didntunderstandB.didntbeunderstoodC.wasntunderstandD.wasntunderstood,D,8.Thepupilshere_allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD