新课标人教版高一英语必修四第一单元第三课时语法主谓一致课件幻灯片.ppt

Theboy_diving.,They_diving.,BothJackandTim_diving.,Allofthem_diving.,NeitherJacknorTim_walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Marys,Mary_adog.,has,Toms,MaryandTom_adog.,have,谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。,语法一致,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.,英语句子概论,句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分，即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。另外，一些句子还有一些其他的成分，如同位语、呼语、插入语等。,ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成分,(一)主语,主语是指句子谈论的主题，也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；8.名词化的其他词类,句子成分,Whoisspeaking,please?Toactlikethatischildren.Twowillbeenough.Beijingisabeautifulcity.Dancingisfun.Whathesaidwaswrong.,名,代,数,不定式,动名词,从句,句子成分,（二）谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义与狭义之分，广义的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部分，狭义的谓语仅仅指动词，这里我们讨论的是广义上的谓语。,句子成分,1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当Shegothereatsix.,2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的Thegirlfeltcold.Heisateacher.,Subject-VerbAgreement,主谓一致原则,一、语法一致的原则:是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。二、意义一致的原则:指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。三、就近原则:是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词,Theboy_diving.,They_diving.,BothJackandTim_diving.,Allofthem_diving.,NeitherJacknorTim_walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Ayoungmanandagirlwanttogothere.Thesingerandthewriterarefamoustomanyyoungpeople.,BothJackandTim_diving.,are,语法一致,由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.,is,语法一致,Thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals.Whatisit?,aknifeandfork,Aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals.,语法一致,主谓一致,语法一致,）由and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念时，谓语动词用单数(这时后面的名词没有冠词)，否则用复数。,are,has,内容一致/意义一致,主谓一致,2)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter,knifeandfork等作主语时(由两个部件配成的物品),谓语动词用单数.如:,）由each,every,no,manya(许多)所修饰的名词，即使用and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishaving,Manyaman_thestory.,has,believes,Thegroup_madeupofninestudents.,Thegroup_dancinghappily.,is,are,Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,由集体名词，如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,company,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体(强调整体），谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，（强调个体）则用复数形式.注意：集体名词为people,police,cattle，谓语动词用复数形式e.g.Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.,1、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致,Choosethecorrectverbformtocompletethefollowingsentences.,1.Theresearchgroup(is,are)madeupoffivepeople.,2.What(do,does)thegroupwantfortheirlunch?,3.Ourfamily(is,are)notpooranymore.,4.Hehastoworry.Hisfamily(is,are)waitingforhim.,5.Theclass(is,are)morethanfortyinnumber.,is,do,is,are,is,6.Theclass(have,has)disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic.,7.Thegovernment(has,have)spentmorethantwomillionyuaninplantingtrees.,8.Thecitygovernment(has,have)differentopinionsaboutnextyearsplan.,have,has,have,Neitherdog_big.(A.isB.are),Neitherofthem_big.(A.isB.are),A,Neitheroftherabbits_handsome.(A.isB.are),A/B,Neitherrabbit_handsome.(A.isB.are),A,A/B,二、代词作主语,neitherofnoneof,n.(U),n.(C),neither+n.(singl.),V.,singl.plural.,Howtousenoneandneither,V.(singl.),V.(singl.),代词none和neither有时用作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定.但是代表不可数名词时,只看作单数;neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数.,语法一致,none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:,1.Neitherofus_(was/were)readywhenthepartybegan.2.Noneofthem_(has/have)watchedthetalkshow.,have/has,was/were,everybody,当这些词做主语时，谓语动词用单数，在句中我们可以用they来代替它们，有时我们可以用he/she来代替。,anybody,everyone,nobody,somebody,everything,anything,nothing,something,不定代词,noone,nobody,each,theother,Nothing_difficultintheworldifyousetyourmindtoit.,is,2.Something_(has/have)gonewrongwithmywatch.3.Anybodywho_(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.,has,breaks,Bob,Bob_aworker.,is,Mike,MikeandBob_workers.,are,BothMikeandBob_workers.,are,NeitherMikenorBob_ateacher.,is,Bill,Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,三、用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor,bothand或notonlybutalso连接,Peter,Henry,EitherPeterorHenry_goingtowin.,is,Henry,AorBNotAbutBEitherAorBNeitherAnorBNotonlyAbutalsoB,Verb,HereThere,+Verb,AandB,A,BandC,就近原则:当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor或notonlybutalso连接时,谓语通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致。,由there或here引导的句子,主语不止一个名词时,谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致.,Notonlyyoubutalsohe_wrong.(is/are),Neitheryounorhe_right.(is/are),There_twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.(is/are),Here_amapandahandbookforyou.(is/are),is,is,are,is,_,Mr.Black,aswellastwowomen,_attheoffice.,is,Mr.Black,四.主语介词（短语）：当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including等时，其谓语动词的单、复数不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系，由主语的单、复数而定。,主谓一致,语法一致,1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,主谓一致,语法一致,五、分词、量词作主语由分数或百分数或alotof,lotsof,plentyof,halfof,therestof,someof,mostof,allof,(a)partof+名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。如:,e.g.Tomisoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.,are,is,注意在“oneof+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有theonly,将其限定为只有一个时,谓语动词用单数形式.,六、“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致e.g.Thericharetohelpthepoor.Thewoundedwasayoungboy.以定冠词the+adj.（或过去分词）结构作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，如thebrave,thepoor,theblind,thesick,theold等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。,主谓一致,语法一致,七当主语由不定式、动名词或疑问词引导的句子充当时，谓语动词用单数。,1).ToholdtheOlympicGames_arichprizeforacountry.(be),2).Choosingwhattoeat_nolongeraseasyasitoncewas.,is,is,Whatweneed_moretimeandmorematerials.Whatweneed_teachers.(由what,who,why,how,whether等引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式.),3),is,are,内容一致/意义一致,主谓一致,1.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,它们作为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数形式.如:,表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。,is,Amilliondollars_(is/are)reallyalotofmoney.Sixtyyearsalongtime.Threethousandmilesalongdistance.Fiftykilogrammesnottooheavytobecarried.,is,is,is,主谓一致,语法一致,2.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时，谓语用单数。如:,Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.,主谓一致,语法一致,3.形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNights等作主语;谓语动词要用单数.,1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorI_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe,Exercises:,3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome,7Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown8Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadi