课件类：高三英语阅读理解.ppt

ReadingComprehension,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义和文章的基本结构；、理解文中具体信息；、作出简单判断和理解,理解作者的意图和态度;、根据上下文推断生词的词义；,主旨大意题,事实细节题,猜测词义题,推理判断题,(一)主旨大意题,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?3)Fromthepassage,weknowthat_4)Thebestheadlineforthisarticleis_.5)whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?6)Thepassagecouldbeentitled_,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,从整体上权衡语篇的内容根据事实陈述，找出事实陈述中的中心线索，抓住主题句理清文章结构标题从而概括全文的主旨、意图。,Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniastealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.,Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.,Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.youngthieves.B.anunusualillness.C.reasonsforstealingD.anormalchildsactions.,B,InShanxiProvinceyoumaybeofferedbrainstoeat.Frightened?Youshouldntbe,becausethesebrainsareonlyakindoffood,whichisfamousforitsunusualnameandrichnutrition.Brainsasakindoffoodwereinventedmorethan300yearsagobyFuShan,anartistwhosemotherhadbeenillforalongtime.Tohelpherbecomewellagain,hestudiedmedicineandinventedakindofsoupmadeofmeat,vegetablesandanumberofChinesemedicines.Richwinewasalsousedinthesouptohelpillnesscausedbyoldage.Fussoupbecamethetalkofthetown.Manypeoplecametoseehim.Onedayarestaurantowneraskedhimwhatwasinthesoup.“Illtellyou,”Fusaid,“butifyourrestaurantisgoingtosellthesoup,youmustcallitbrainsbecauseofitsshapeandcolor.Andyourrestaurantshouldberenamedaftermymother.”,Q:Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.A.GoodSonB.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveLongLife.,B,考查找信息的能力,答案在文章中现成的找出涉及的信息存在于何处然后根据语境去理解这类题属于记忆性问题,(二)事实细节题,InMarch1997,an11-year-oldboyanda13-year-oldboyusinghandgunsandriflesshotdeadfourchildrenandateacherataschoolinJonesboro,Arkansas.InOctober,twowerekilledandsevenwoundedinashootingataMississippischool.Twomonthslater,a14-year-oldboykilledthreehighschoolstudentsandwoundedfiveinDaduah,Kentucky.Q:Howmanystudentswereshotdeadin1997inUSschool?A:10B.9C.12D.22,B,NowavailableatFranklinparkoneblockfromIndianaUniversity.Newunfurnishedapartments.Onebedroomat$135,twobedroomsat$170permonth.Utilitiesincludedexceptelectricity.Children,andpetswelcome.Onemonthsdeposit.OfficeopenMondaythroughSaturdayninetofive.Call999-7415foraneveningorSundayappointment.,Advertisement,1.Fromthisadwecanknowthat()A.theapartmentsarefarfromIndianaUniversityB.theapartmentshavefurnitureinthemC.gasandwaterbillsareincludedintherentD.catsanddogsarenotpermittedintheapartments,c,2.Theadimpliesthatpersonsinterestedinitmust()A.seetheapartmentsonMondayorSaturdayB.callforanappointment(约定、约会)iftheywanttoseetheapartmentsfromninetofiveMondaythroughSaturdayC.callforanappointmentiftheywanttoseetheapartmentsonSundayorintheevening.D.seetheapartmentsbeforefiveoclockanyday,c,(三)推理判断题,常用提问方式有：Wecaninferthat_.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_Thepassageimpliesthat_.Thepassagesuggeststhat_.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_.6.Thewritersattitudetowardsis_.,(三)推理判断题,以事实为依据进行逻辑推理判断（a）以文章中的信息为推理判断的依据而非自己的常识或是主观臆断（b）推理是对文章中未说明的趋势结局做合理推断，而非文中已经提及的事实,Afteransweringallthequestions,examineescanchoosetheentry“quit”iftheyarenotsatisfiedwiththeirperformance,or“score”iftheywanttoseetheresultButifanexamineecontinuestogivewronganswersandisjudgedasun-qualifiedbythecomputersystem,hewillbeautomaticallydeniedthechancetogofurtherinthetest.,Q:Ifanexamineeisnotsatisfiedwithhisperformance_.HecanaskthecomputertogivesomeadviceHecanaskanotherchancewithinafewdaysHeisallowedtodoitonceagainHecanadmitdefeatandgiveitup,D,常用提问方式有：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans_.2.Theword“it”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?4.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword?,(四)猜测词义题,(四)猜测词义题,1.Explanation,2.Context,对比因果同义、近义关系平行结构,3.Examples,4.Word-formation,5.Commonsense,Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Modernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofapersonslungandhisheartbeats.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.,1、Explanation,对比关系ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.,goon,Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.,因果关系Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,goon,SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.,同义、近义关系Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,goon,MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.,平行结构,3、ExamplesOnthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.IhavefoundLucyisquitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomecoinstohim.,Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithgunsDontlistentohisnonsense.AhavingnomeaningBmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeechDnotmakingsense,4.Word-formation,A,B,5、commonsenseMetalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.,Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.,Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,Letspractice!,1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?ChildrensreadingdifficultiesAdvantagesofraisingdogsServiceinapubliclibraryAspecialreadingprogram2.Specialistsusedogstolistentochildrenreadingbecausetheythink_DogsareyoungchildrensbestfriendsChildrencanplaywithdogswhilereadingDogscanprovideencouragementforshychildrenChildrenanddogsunderstandeachother,D,C,3.Bysaying“TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldonthisidea”,thewritermeansthelibrary_.usedogstoattractchildrenaccepttheideaputforwardbyITAhasopenedachildrensdepartmenthasdecidedtotrainsomedogs4.A“Pawgraphed”bookismostprobably_.abookusedinSaturdayclassesabookwrittenbythechildrenaprizeforthechildrenagiftfromparents,B,C,NMET1999PassageATomBrennanreceivedareward(奖励)of$1,000,Philadelphiagainedanothertreasureforitshistory,AndLuxmooretoldreporters,“Itswonderfulnews.Imonhigh.”55.WhatdidCoryLuxmooremeanwhenhesaid“Imonhigh”?A.Imrich.B.Imfamous.C.Imexcited.D.Imlucky.,c,NMET2003PassageCIn1963aschoolboycalledAndrewWilesreadinginhisschoollibrarycameacrosstheworldsgreatestmathematicalproblem:FermatsLastTheorem(定理).FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatinthe17thcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,including65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainthemeaningoftheword“baffled”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeoplesimagination.,B,模仿练习一：Thestigmaofgoingtoseeapsychologistisonereason.ZhangQiang,aHeiLongjiangUniversitysophomoreSaid:“Whensomeofmyclassmatesgetdepressed,theytrytoworkthroughitbythemselves.Intheirminds,Professionalhelpisforweak,messeduppeople”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stigma”mean?A.disappointment.B.fear.C.shame.D.worry.,c,模仿练习二：Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthybutinexecutive(主管的)circle,beautyhasbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessispositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutive,itisharmfultoawomanTheword“liability”mostprobablymeans_.A.disadvantageB.advantageC.misfortuneD.trouble,A,Thankyouforyourattending,(2003NMET)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskill(读写能力）.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes，waggingtails，andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence，accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinthechildren，withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistantDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literaryspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup，oftenhavelowerself-respect，andregardreadingasaheadache.”,(2003NMET)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskill(读写能力）.Withtheirshin