语法复习练习课件.ppt

Grammar,AnswerkeyforExercise1.,defence,likely,Italy,canteen,represent,dash,approach,association,cheek,flight,Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions,AnswerkeyforExercise2.,approached,Jordan,cheek,curiously,dashed,misunderstood,contrary,AnswerkeyforExercise3.,crossroads,adult,major,dormitory,greeted,representing,association,spoken,Colombia,curious,flight,一:V-ing形式由“doing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”;V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,Grammar,V-ing形式,(not)doing,(not)beingdone,(not)havingdone,(not)havingbeendone,V-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1.作定语V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。-ing形式表示“供作.之用”的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingAsleepingcar=acarforsleeping,2)-ing形式表示“.的”意思,叫现在分词Asleepingchildworkingpeopletherisingsun,-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.,2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。,Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.,表条件,比较：Useyourhead,andyoullfindagoodway.祈使句表条件，连词and后用将来时。Ifyouuseyourhead,youllfindagoodway.（If是连词，可以引导条件状语从句，主句前不需再用连词and.),1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.(表伴随动作)=Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.2)Beingpoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.,(表原因),=Becausehewaspoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.,3)Workinghard,youllsurelysucceed.,条件,4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.,伴随,5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.,方式,6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(时间,可以在分词前保留when),7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.,结果,AttentionPlease,-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。,Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。),theBritishlady,theColumbian,theJapanese,theCanadian,Youseeherstepbackappearingsurprised.,HisnosetouchesMr.Cooksmovinghand.,Youseeherstepbackappearingsurprised.=Youseeherstepbackandsheappearssurprised.,Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspokenlanguage.,=Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsbyusingunspokenlanguage.,HisnosetouchedMr.Cooksmovinghand.=HisnosetouchedMr.Cookshandwhichismoving.,方式状语,定语,=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.,Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.,=Thisisanexperiencewhichisexciting.,Thisisanexcitingexperience.,现在分词短语作后置定语,单个现在分词作前置定语,1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.,Rewritethefollowingsentences.,When,approaching,2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson_canspeaksevenlanguages.,translating,the,songs,3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy_thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.,who,is,standing,4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion._Jordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.,Coming,from,5.Shesatatthedeskanddidherhomework.=Shesatatthedesk_.,doing,her,homework,Grammarwork语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Not_(know)hisaddress,Icouldntgotoseehimyesterday.2.Lookoutforcarswhen_(cross)thestreet.3.Not_(invite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.,knowing,crossing,havingbeeninvited,4.Hedivedintothewater,_(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed.5.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor,_(read)“Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcalllater.”6._(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.7._(close)thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.,leaving,reading,Taking,Havingclosed,Grammarquiz语法小测1.When_differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingmanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared,C,2.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always_thesamething.A.sayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid,A,3.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait,C,4._,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.IngenerallyC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally,C,5.“Youcantcatchme!”Janetshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran,B,1.Havingnotseenthefilm,IcanttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.,Nothaving,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5.“Cantyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.,pointing,Knock,making,Exercises,Exercises,-ing形式作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。如：1.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.(伴随)2.HangWeiwenttoschool,takingatrain.(方式)3.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)4.Nothavingreceivedareply,wewroteagain.(原因)5.Heatingwater，wecanchangeitintovapor(条件)6.Theboyranfastandfell,breakinghisrighthand.(结果)注意:-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。-ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,if等连词。,高考真题从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1._fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.(上海2001春)A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered,C,2.Findinghercarstolen,_.(上海2001)A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp,D,3.Hesentmeane-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.(上海2000)hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,B,4.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_.(上海2000春)A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake,D,5.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.(上海2004春)seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing,D,6._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(北京2004)TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited,C,7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,A,8._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(广东2004)NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted,C,9.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(上海2002)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin,C,10.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.(上海2004)doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists,B,11.ImafraidJonescantmakeitnineoclocktomorrow.He_ameetinginQueensland.A.willhaveB.willbehavingC.isgoingtohaveD.istohave12.Jumpingoutof_airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_excitingexperience.A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the,B,C,句意为：恐怕Jones不能定在明天九点，那时他将正在昆士兰开会。,一般说来，单数可数名词前或者用不定冠词，或者用定冠词the，不可用零冠词。故首先排除A、B项。experience作“经验”讲，是不可数名词;作“经历讲，是可数名词。如：Hehasnoexperienceofteaching.他没有教学经验。Hehasmanyinterestingexperiencesinhislife.他一生中有很多有趣的经历。依据题意判断，此处的experience表示“一次经历”。故选C。,一般说来，单数可数名词前或者用不定冠词，或者用定冠词the，不可用零冠词。故首先排除A、B项。experience作“经验”讲，是不可数名词;作“经历”讲，是可数名词。如：Hehasnoexperienceofteaching.他没有教学经验。Hehasmanyinterestingexperiencesinhislife.他一生中有很多有趣的经历。依据题意判断，此处的experience表示“一次经历”。故选C。,13.Whenfirst_intothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced,B,本题考查非谓语动词的用法。products与introduce的关系是被动的，故选B。when引导的是一个省略句，补全为“Whentheywerefirstintroducedtothemarket,”。全句意思为：“这些产品一投放市场，就获得了成功。”,14.Letmeintroducemyself.ImAlbert._A.Whatapleasure!B.Itsmypleasure.C.Imverypleased.D.Pleasedtomeetyou.,D,本题考查介绍后的客套用语。介绍分为自我介绍和介绍他人。自我介绍一般先提出自我介绍的意向，说出自己的姓名、身份等。一般可以说：Pleaseallowmetointroducemyself./Letmeintroducemyself./MayIintroducemyself?Mynameis/Im,比较随便的场合可以说：Hello,mynameis或Hi,Im介绍他人时一般需要介绍双方的姓名以及与介绍人的关系。如：Bob,letmeintroducemyfriendPeter.Peter,thisismyfriendBob.TangLin,Iwanttointroducemyfriend,Jane.介绍后，被介绍双方的客套语：Impleased/glad/delightedtomeetyou.Itsnicetomeetyou.常用省略形式：Pleased/Gladtomeetyou.,15.Neithersidewaswillingtogiveinatall.Asaresult,noagreement_.A.wasreachedB.hasreachedC.hadreachedD.hadbeenreached,A,reachagreement意为“达成协议”,依据第二句的主谓关系，应使用被动语态，故首先排除B、C两项;从句意看，第一句的动作在前，第二句的动作在后，故第二句不可使用过去完成时。,16.Theway_hediditwasdifferentfrom_wewereusedto.A.inwhich;whatB.inwhat;whatC.inthat;whatD.that;that,A,theway后的定语从句可以由that引导，也可以由inwhich引导，（也可以不用引导词）故首先排除B、C项；what引导宾语从句时，既有词义，又在宾语从句中作句子成分，而that引导宾语从句时，只起引导作用，不在宾语从句中作句子成分。题干中宾语从句缺宾语，因而选A。,17.Ifyouthinkaboutthisproblem_anotherway,youwillbesuretofindaway_it.A.with;tosolveB.in;ofsolvingC.in;insolvingD.with;ofsolving,B,way作“方法”、“方式”、“手段”解时，其后可跟动词不定式或“of+v-ing”作定语，构成awayofdoing/todo结构，意为“做的方法”。way之前用介词in表示“用方法”。,18.Abullethitthesoliderandhewaswoundedin_leg.A.aB.oneC.theD.his,C,动词+sb.+in/on/by+the+身体部位句意：一颗子弹击中了这名士兵，他的腿受伤了。,19.Inwritingaletterofapplication(求职信),keepinmindwhatapossibleemployerismosttowanttoknowaboutA.probablyB.possiblyC.likelyD.able,C,本题考查词的辨析。从语法上讲四个选项都正确，但是able用在此处语义不通;probable和possible作表语时都不用人作主语;likely作表语时既可以人作主语也可物作主语。句意为：在写求职信的时候，心中要有数这位准雇主最有可能想知道什么。,20.IhearProfessorSmithshookhandswitheveryonepresent.Howluckyyouare!Buthedidntevenseeme,_shakehandswithme.A.butB.muchmorethanC.aswellasD.letalone,D,更不必说,21.Imgoingtothepostoffice._yourethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If,B,本题考查根据语境选用连词的能力。解题的关键是第一句Imgoingtothepostoffice。由于已说要去邮局，再用条件从句就不合适。故排除D项。A、C两项也不符前文语境。故选B。,22.Asweoftensee,somepeopleworkbestintasksalone,_othersworkbestingroups.A.whenB.sinceC.whileD.because,C,23.,hecantgooutforawalkasusual.AWithsomuchworktodoBWithsomuchworkdingCWithsoworkdoneDWithoutsomuchworktodo,A,由于他不能像往常一样去散步，是因为有许多作业要做，所以用不定式表示将来,24.InAthenstheChineseteamgot32goldmedals,_secondofallthecompetingcountries.A.havingrankedB.rankedC.torankD.ranking25.Theoldmancame,abigdog.A.followedB.followingbyC.followedbyD.andfollowedby,D,C,如果选用D项，and后应该使用被动语态wasfollowedby,2125BCBDA2630ABCCD3135BCADC重点解析：21.句意为：恐怕Jones不能定在明天九点，那时他将正在昆士兰开会。22.一般说来，单数可数名词前或者用不定冠词，或者用定冠词the，不可秃头使用。故首先排除A、B项。experience作“经验讲，是不可数名词;作“经历讲，是可数名词。如：Hehasnoexperienceofteaching.他没有教学经验。Hehasmanyinterestingexperiencesinhislife.他一生中有很多有趣的经历。依据题意判断，此处的experience表示“一次经历”。故选C。23.本题考查非谓语动词的用法。products与introduce的关系是被动的，故选B。when引导的是一个省略句，补全为“Whentheywerefirstintroducedtothemarket,”。全句意思为：“这些产品一投放市场，就获得了成功。”24.本题考查介绍后的客套用语。介绍分为自我介绍和介绍他人。自我介绍一般先提出自我介绍的意向，说出自己的姓名、身份等。一般可以说：Pleaseallowmetointroducemyself./Letmeintroducemyself./MayIintroducemyself?Mynameis/Im比较随便的场合可以说：Hello,mynameis或Hi,Im介绍他人时一般需要介绍双方的姓名以及与介绍人的关系。如：Bob,letmeintroducemyfriendPeter.Peter,thisismyfriendBob.TangLin,Iwanttointroducemyfriend,Jane.,介绍后，被介绍双方的客套语：Impleased/glad/delightedtomeetyou.Itsnicetomeetyou.常用省略形式：Pleased/Gladtomeetyou.25.reachagreement意为“达成协议”,依据第二句的主谓关系，应使用被动语态，故首先排除B、C两项;从句意看，第一句的动作在前，第二句的动作在后，故第二句不可使用过去完成时。26.theway后的定语从句可以由that引导，也可以由inwhich引导，故首先排除B、C项；what引导宾语从句时，既有词义，又在宾语从句中作句子成分，而that引导宾语从句时，只起引导作用，不在宾语从句中作句子成分。题干中宾语从句缺宾语，因而选A。27.way作“方法”、“方式”、“手段”解时，其后可跟动词不定式或“of+v-ing”作定语，构成awayofdoing/todo结构，意为“做的方法”。way之前用介词in表示“用方法”。28.句意,一个子弹击中了这名士兵他的腿受伤了。29.本题考查词的辨析。从语法上讲四个选项都正确，但是able用在此处语义不通;probable和possible作表语时都不用人作主语;likely作表语时既可以人作主语也可物作主语。句意为：在写求职信的时候，心中要有数这位准雇主最有可能想知道什么。31.本题考查根据语境选用连词的能力。解题的关键是第一句Imgoingtothepostoffice。由于已说要去邮局，再用条件从句就不合适。故排除D项。A、C两项也不符前文语境。故选B。33.由于他不能像往常一样去散步，是因为有许多作业要做，所以用不定式表示将来35.如果选用D项，and后应该使用被动语态。,Unit4检测题单项填空:从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Susan,_universitystudentfromEurope,teachesme_artinhersparetime.A.an;/B.a;theC.an;theD.a;/2.Tyronwasveryangry,butcool-headedenoughto_rushingintothebosssoffice.preventB.avoidC.protectD.allow,D,B,3.Onthismapwhatdoesastar_?tellB.representC.sayD.mean4.IfirstmetMrSmithinAmerica.He_atStanfordUniversitythen.studiedB.hadstudiedC.isstudyingD.wasstudying,B,D,5.Ourbodiesarestrengthen