阅读理解之主旨大意及结构类.doc

_ 阅读理解之主旨大意及结构类I 主旨大意类： 主旨题解题突破方法：主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，基本上每年高考英语试卷中都会出现，主要考查学生对整篇文章的把握情况。解答这类题可以运用如下方法：1、抓主题句: 主题句表达文章中心思想，在文章中通常位于第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等处，主要用于介绍段落主题和阐述控制段落中句子讨论的内容。阅读时要特别注意。2、对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清问题，然后快速通读文章，逐项排除，最终确定答案。3、抓文章逻辑结构: 文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分，而在高考阅读中以“总分总”结构类型题居多。所以重读文章首、尾两段以及每段首句，对把握文章结构和主旨理解有很大帮助。4、在阅读中，应尽量利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，比如在for example，first、second等之前的句子中或在all in all等之后的句子中寻找并确定主旨大意题常见提问方式：1The main idea/key point of this passage is that _2The passage is mainly about _3The best title/ headline for the passage is _.4The topic/ subject in the passage is _.5The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.6Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 【真题演练1】 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions.【Topic sentence】:【真题演练2】 Boston- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft【Topic sentence】:【真题演练3】You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. What does the passage mainly tells?A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams【Topic sentence】:【真题演练4】 Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自动). The first paragraph tells us _.A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.【Topic sentence】:【真题演练5】In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat. What does the story mainly tells ? A. What holidays are like B. What Halloween is like in MexicoC. What happens during Todos Santos D. What we do on HalloweenII结构类最近几年，结构题频繁在各地高考英语阅读理解题中出现，已经成为了一种独立的题型。就其考查内容的不同，考查考生对整个文章结构的把握； 解第一种类型的，一般可通过仔细阅读文章首尾两个段落以及中间各段落的首句或尾句，根据其内在逻辑关系及内容来进行判断。【2013重庆模拟】There is a boy in my gym class (Ill call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive waythats “tact”. If a person isnt sensitive to anothers feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish(亮光油), which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his effortsand then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact. “Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”. Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truthbut express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “Im sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and” Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This wont hurt a bit.” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits. Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.20.The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _.Ahow to comfort the patients Bhow to use trickery carefullyCdifferences between trickery and promises Danother feature of tact21.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)ABCD【浙江模拟卷】Nothing says love like a dozen long stemmed roses on Valentines Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nations rose industry. Its going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.Yes, a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the 90s.Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall to wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say its the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Onlys low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentines Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Onlys most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The companys key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals. While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers arent able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this countrys leading producer