主谓一致(同名4193).doc

龙岗区妇女儿童活动中心博龙教育专题讲座在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面。一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of 复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。Either of the stories is very funny. 4.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。Nothing is impossible.5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered. 7.a number of 复数名词，“许多”，复数意义；the number of 复数名词，“的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8.主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University. The new is certain to replace the old.10.分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安bread and butter黄油面包a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚12.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。a quantity of 名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a quantity of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。an amount of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Every day quantities of water are wasted. A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、逻辑意义一致原则1.every /each/no 名词and every/ each/ no 名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“one 单数名词and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。三、就近（远）一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class.4.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of复数名词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主语后面跟有“with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to beone, either, neither, each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. wasA poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were定语从句中的主谓一致He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenquantities of+名词作主语时的主谓一致With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed awaythe number of与a number of的区别As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keepingNowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is B. are C. was D. were_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are倒装句中的主谓一致At the foot of the mountain _. A. a village lie B. lies a villageC. does a village lie D. lying a villageOn top of the books _the photo album youre looking for.A. is B. are C. has D. have 表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used由连词“or， eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，whetheror”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outWe live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been The father as well as his three children _skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going2009年1.（天津卷） Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure2. （安徽卷）China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge3.(福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 4.(湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character5.(湖北卷) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure6.(江西卷)The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms7.(山东卷) He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 8. (陕西卷) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation9.(浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach10. (四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 11.（湖南卷）Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be 12.（江苏卷）The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing13.（江西卷）At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.A. is B. are C. will be D. were14.(山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 15.（陕西卷）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to16.(四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 2010年1. (安徽卷)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure2.(湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle3.(湖北卷)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. occupation B. furniture C. equipment D. accommodation4.(江苏卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization5.（江西卷）Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.A. average B. number C. amountD. quantity6.(山东卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter7.(天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position8.(浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _ . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function9.(湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have10.(四川卷)Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are 11.(全国卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn2011年1.（湖北卷）“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly _ in her voice.A. angerB. rudenessC. regretD. panic2.（湖北卷）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition3.（山东卷）Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship4.（江西卷）Whats the _, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? A. sympathyB. themeC. objectD. point5.（江苏卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence6.（浙江卷）Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions7.（福建卷）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _of global climate change.A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection8.（四川卷）Always remember to put such dangerous things as lives out childrens _. A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance9.（安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 10.（湖南卷）One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 11.（江苏卷） 22. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places_ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting1. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest_.A. interruption B. instructionC. consideration D. convenience2. If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) _for me.A. puzzle B. advantage C. challenge D. average3.The conference has been held to discuss the _of global warming on peoples lives all over the world.A. importance B. effectsC. protection D. attitudes4. I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _will be to my poor examination result.A. expression B. reactionC. appearance D. expectation5. There is no _in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.A. doubt B. mindC. point D. wonder6. Here are some _for you to follow when you take a test in chemistry.A. patterns B. tipsC. topics D. efforts7.Mr. Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common_.A. practice B. knowledgeC. experience D. duty8. Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.In my_, his decision is not wise.A. word B. viewC. sight D. way9.My English teacher is really very kind. Ill never forget the _he has done me.A. favor B. deedC. help D. value10.According to a UN report,30 percent of the worlds population have no _to clean drinking water and health care.A. meansB. approachC. channel D. access11.It was reported that the problem had been settled without much_.A. affect B. affairC. effect D. effort12.The speech that Mr. Smith made today gave a strong _on the students.A. expressionB. impressionC. reputation D. expectation13.Our government has decided to give_ to those environmentally-friendly businesses in many aspects.A. profitB. interestC. preference D. advantage14.Finding a girl struggling in the water，he threw himself into the water without_.A. hesitation B. suggestionC. order D. asking15.How do you like the scenery here, Mr. Black?Wonderful indeed. Beyond all _,I suppose.A. explanation B. introductionC. description D. instruction16.This sentence is difficult to understand. Can you make of it?A. sense B. knowledge C. idea D. understanding17.My father didnt have to say anything. I knew he was upset from his _.A. look B. sightC. appearance D. sign18.The door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry.A. scene B. signalC. sign D. sight19.Many people in Haiti died from the earthqua