人教版七年级下册英语11、12单元知识点总结.doc

Unit 11 How was your school trip?一、短语归纳 1. go for a walk去散步2. milk a cow 挤牛奶3. ride a horse 骑马4. feed chickens 喂小鸡 5. talk with与谈话6. take photos拍照7. quite a lot相当多8. show.around带领.参观 9. learn about 了解10. from. to. 从.到. 11. grow/pick strawberries 种植/采草莓 12. in the countryside在乡下13. go fishing去钓鱼14. at night在夜晚15. a lot of许多；大量 16. come out出来17. go on a school trip去学校郊游18. along the way沿线 19. after that之后20. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物21. all in all 总的来说 22. take a / the train 乘火车23. be interested in 对感兴趣24. not at all 根本不二、重要句型1. How was your school trip? How + be + 主语？= What be +主语 + like?意为“怎么样？” 答语：It was great./ It was OK./ It was /wasnt good. 2. quiet a lot of+可数名词(复数)/不可数名词，也可单独使用。 e.g. We drank quite a lot of milk. I saw quite a lot of cows. I play tennis quite a lot in the summer. 1) quite a little +不可数名词，意为“相当多”； e.g. There is quite a little water in the bottle. 2) quite a few 相当多+可数名词 ，意为“相当多”。 e.g. Quite a few students were late. 3. take与photo, picture等词搭配时，意为“拍摄，摄影”。表示“拍摄某物或人”，就要在短语后面接介词of来引入所拍摄的对象。 e.g. The girl likes to take photos of herself with her cell phone(手机). 那个女孩喜欢用自己的手机自拍。 4. .learned a lot about farming. 学到了很多关于种田的知识。 1) learn sth. 学习某物 I learn English every day. 2) learn about 学习关于某事，如： He wants to learn more about science. 3) learn to do sth. 学习做某事，如： We all want to learn to swim. 5. It was so much fun. 那真是蛮好玩的。 fun 表示“有趣的事情”，为不可数名词。 e.g. He plays the violin for the fun of it. 他拉小提琴只是为了好玩。 Swimming in the sea is great fun. 在海里游泳很好玩。 I had much fun on the school trip. 我在学校旅行中玩得很开心。 6. feel 和feel about的区别： 1) feel是系动词，意为“感觉”，后接形容词做表语。 e.g. I dont feel well today. 我今天身体感觉不舒服。 2) feel about 意为“认为，以为”，后面加名词。 e.g. How do you feel about your school trip? 7. The guide taught us how to make a model robot. teach sb. how to do. 意为“教某人怎样做”。1) teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 e.g. His father teaches him to make kites. 2) teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 e.g. Miss Chen teaches me Chinese. 3) teach oneself =learn by oneself 自学 e.g. He teaches himself every day.8. I think todays school trip was terrible. 名词所有格： mens room 男厕所 a miles distance 一英里的距离 注：但如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾，则只在该名词后加 来构成所有格。 three hours walk 三小时的路程 two miles distance 两英里的距离 five minutes ride骑车五分钟路程 9. Everything was about robots and Im not interested in that. 1) everything, something, nothing, anything以及somebody, everybody, nobody等不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Nobody knows me. 没有人认识我。 Everybody is here. 大家都在这里。 2) be interested in (doing)sth. 对感兴趣 e.g. I am interested in swimming. 10. (复习)1) too many + 可数名词复数 e.g. There were also too many people. 2) too much+不可数名词 e.g. He doesnt have too much money. 3) much too + 形容词/副词 e.g. The car is much too expensive.(形容词) He runs much too fast.(副词) 11. All in all, it was an exciting day. 总的来说/总而言之，这是很愉快的一天。 e.g. All in all, I think you did a good job. 总的来说，你做得很好。 拓展：in all 总共 e.g. There are 65 students in all in our class. 我们班总共有65名学生。 exciting是形容词, 后接名词，多形容物。 excited也是形容词, 多用来形容人。 e.g. This show is really exciting. He is excited about the news. 12. I didnt like the trip at all. not.at all 意为“一点也不，完全不 ”。 e.g. I cant swim at all. 我完全不会游泳。 I dont like apples at all. 我根本不喜欢吃苹果 13. something，anything和nothing 1)something用在肯定句中，而anything用在疑问句或否定句中。 e.g. I have something important to tell you. Can you hear anything? 2)something用在疑问句中时，表示希望对方给予肯定回答。 e.g. Would you like something to drink? 3) anything用在肯定句中，意为“任何事物，任何东西”。 e.g. I think I can do anything for you.为了你，我愿意做任何事。 4) nothing意为“没有什么;没有东西”。 nothing=not anything e.g. Tom saw nothing. 汤姆什么也没看见 5) everything 意为“所有事情”，可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。 e.g. I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切进展顺利。 14.no +单数可数名词=nota/an +单数可数名词 =notany +复数可数名词/不可数名词 e.g. There is no bridge. = There isnt a bridge. He has no brothers or sisters.= He doesnt have any brothers or sisters. There is no meat in the fridge.= There is not any meat in the fridge. 三、语法：一般过去时 1. 用法：表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.常用的时间状语，即标志词： 1) 与yesterday 连用：yesterday昨天, the day before yesterday前天 yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2) 与last 连用last night,昨晚last time上次，last term上个学期last Monday,上周一, last week/ month/year,上周/月，去年 3) 与ago 连用：a moment ago 刚才two minutes/ hours/ days/ weeks/ months/years ago 两分钟/小时/天/周/月/年以前 4) 与in+过去的时间连用 in 1999, in 1980 5) 其它：just now刚才 at the age of 5, 在5岁的时候 in the old days, in those days,在那些日子 the other day, at that time 在那时 one/ that day /morning/afternoon/evening. once upon a time从前 3. 常用的句式： 1） 含有be动词的： 肯定句： 主语+ was / were + 其它。e.g. My school trip was excellent. 否定句： 主语+ was/ were + not +其它。e.g. My school trip was not excellent. 一般疑问句：Was/ Were +主语+ 其他？e.g. Was your school trip excellent? 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+ was/ were. e.g. Yes, it was. 否定回答： No, 主语+ wasnt/ werent. e.g. No, it wasnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？：e.g. How was your school trip? 2）含有实意动词的： 肯定句:主语+ did + 其它 (did代表动词的过去式) We went to Green Park. 否定句:主语+ didnt do +其它。(do代表动词的原形) e.g. We didnt go to Green Park. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ do+ 其他？e.g. Did you go to Green Park? 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+ did. Yes, I did. 否定回答： No, 主语+ didnt. No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句? e.g. Where did you go last week. 4. 动词过去式的构成： a. 规则变化 1) 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 look looked play played start started visit visited 2) 以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 live lived use used taste tasted hope-hoped 3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ，再加 ed。 study studied try tried fly flied worry-worried 4) 以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音），末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 stop stopped plan planned prefer preferred trip-tripped b. 不规则变化（详见课本） 5) 不规则动词的过去式： go _ ride _feed _take _ do _ say _see _ grow _ eat _ have _buy _get _ come _draw _ know _ teach _ make_ swim_bring _cut _ 21. drink _ 22.drive _ 23.feel _ 24.fight _ 25.find _ 26.fly _27.forget _28.hear _ 29.keep _30.wear _31.write _32. leave _ 33.let _34. lose _ 35.meet _ 36.pay _ 37.put _ 38.read _ 39.run _40.sell _ 41.sing _42.sit _ 43.sleep _44.speak _ 45.spend _46. stand _47 tell _48.think _ Unit 12 What did you do last weekend？1. last weekend 上周末 2. do ones homework 做作业 3. 3. go to the cinema 看电影 4. go boating 去划船 5. camp by the lake 在湖边露营 6. go to the beach 去海滩 7. on Saturday morning 在周四早上8. study for the English test为了英语考试学习9. work as a guide 做一个导游工作 10. kind of tired 有点儿累 11. stay up late to do sth 熬夜做某事 12. play with sb. 和某人玩 13. lose things 丢东西 14. fly a kite 放风筝 15. take sb. to sp. 把某人带到某地 16.as a special gift作为一个特殊的礼物 17. go camping 去露营 18. put up the tents 搭建帐篷19. make a fire 生火 20. keep sb. warm 使某人保持温暖 21. so.that. 太以至于 22. go to sleep 去睡觉 23. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 24. jump up and down 上蹦下跳 25. climb onto ones back 爬到背上 26. shout at=shout to 大声喊叫 27. run away 逃跑 28 its + adj + to do sth. 29. learn a second language 学习第二语言 30. stay at home 呆在家重点句型 1.sheep n. “羊； 绵羊”单复数一致。相似的词还有：deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese等，它们作主语时谓语动词的单复数要试它们在句子中的意义来决定。 He keeps a lot of sheep. 他养了很多羊。 Many deer are coming towards us. 许多鹿朝着我没跑过来了。2. How interesting!多么有趣啊！这是个感叹句，感叹句结构 Look at that bird.How beautiful!瞧那只鸟，多么漂亮呀！ 3. Well,son,thats why its important to learn a second language.所以嘛，儿子，这就是为 什么学习外语重要啦。 it was important not to go near a snake.重要的是不要靠近蛇。 It is+形容词+to do sth.是英语中一个重要的形容词句型，能够这样用的形容词除important外，我们学过的还有easy,difficult等，表示“做某事是重要的、容易的、困难的”等等。例 Its difficult for me to study math.对我来说，学习数学好难啊。 4.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.但是我太累了，所以早早就睡着了。 I was so scared that I couldnt move.我是那么害怕，一动都不敢动。“so+形容词+that句子”，表示“如此以至于”。The soup was so delicious that he drank it up.汤是那么好喝，于是他喝了个精光。 5. . stay v. “停留； 待”和介词at一起连用，后面接地点和介词with连用，后面经常接人 作宾语。 I like to stay at home alone on weekends. 我喜欢在周末一个人呆在家里。 He would like to stay with us. 他愿意和我们待在一起。 【拓展】 stay up “深夜不睡，熬夜” She likes to stay up to watch soccer games. 他喜欢熬夜看足球比赛。 stay healthy “保持健康” It is important for us to stay healthy. 保持健康对我们来说是重要的。6. Surprise n. & v. “惊奇； 惊讶” She got a surprise when she received the gift. 当她收到礼物时，她很惊讶。 You always surprise me！ 你总是让我惊讶！ 【拓展】 surprised adj. “感到惊讶的