初中中考百题精讲-句子（1）.doc

初中中考百题精讲-句子（1） - 一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词have, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily _ _ this new book _. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：dont, doesnt, didnt后都用动词原形。eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _ _ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children _ _ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句) Rose _ _ milk this morning. 二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。A.一般疑问句：以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是：Be/Have /Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）主语谓语（包括表语）？回答常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。eg. Theres something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句） _ _ _ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句） _ Edison _ a science lab himself when he was ten？ 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句） _ those Japanese _ Chinese food? 注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。 B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问） _ _ the twins _ when their mother came in?Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问） _ _ Mrs Turner ask her son _ _? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。 Im going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问）_ _ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。eg. Li Pings coatWhose coat my fatherWhose father 5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问）_ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。eg. go by bike like very much 9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。eg. two hundred sheepHow many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 eg. Ive worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）96中考题 _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。eg. _ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题 A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 14)对in一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。eg. Its about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 Whats the date?What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。Whats the weather like? 练习题 1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）She _ _ exercises at home in the evening._ she _ exercises at home in the evening? 2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）He _ _ _ important at the meeting. _ he _ _ important at the meeting? 3)Itll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问）_ _ _ it take them to finish the work? 4)I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问）_ _ you have to wash all the plates and things? 5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问） _ _ is her mother? 6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问）_ _ _ Li Ping _ on the dictionary? 思考题1)The workers visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） The worker _ _ the factory _. _ the worker _ the factory _? 2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句） _ of his parents _ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问）_ _ _ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问）What _ you really enjoy _? 5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问） _ _ _ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问）_ _ _ our P.E teacher been at this school? 初中中考百题精讲-句子（2） - C.选择疑问句:指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是：一般疑问句or一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时，不用yes或no回答，而是选择其中一种回答。eg. Would you like chicken or beef?回答时用Id like beef.填入or或and：Are they sitting _ standing in the classroom?The students stopped talking _ laughing when the teacher came in.Meimei likes boating. (用swim改成选择疑问句) _ Meimei _ boating _ _? D.反意疑问句：提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的附加问句。1.如果前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后部分通常用肯定形式。 2.两部分的人称和时态必须一致。 3.附加问句的主语应用相应的代词，不能用名词。4.附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。 1)Bills sister is going to work in Paris next month.（改成反意疑问句） Bills sister is going to work in Paris next month,_ _?2)The Reads dont enjoy living in China.(改成反意疑问句) The Reads dont enjoy living in China,_ _? 注意：1、对于反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，则用yes来回答，事实是否定的，则要用no回答。 eg. Li Lei never goes to school late,does he? 李雷上学从不迟到,是吗? 不，他迟到。 (事实是迟到的，则用yes回答. Yes,he does.) 是的，从不迟到。 (事实是不迟到，则用no回答. No,he doesnt.) 2、当陈述部分中含有 no, no one, nobody, nothing, never, little, few, hardly, tooto等否定词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。 eg.1)His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning. (改为反意疑问句) His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning, _ _? 2)Theres nothing wrong with the computer.（改为反意疑问句） Theres nothing wrong with the computer, _ _？ 3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。eg. s既是has也是is的缩略形式。 d既是would也是had的缩略形式。eg.Hes already finished his homework.(改成反意问句) Hes already finished his homework, _ _? Hes already a little weak in English.(改成反意疑问句) Hes already a little weak in English,_ _? Hes often told to come here.(改成反意疑问句) Hes often told to come here, _ _? 4、当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。但是如果主句动词是think时，附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致，如果think是否定形式，附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。 eg. 1.They said that they would call us.(改成反意疑问句) They said that they would call us, _ _? 2.I dont think he will come. (改成反意疑问句) I dont think he will come, _ _? 5、陈述部分主语是everyone, someone, no one, something, anything等不定代词时，指人的不定代词，附加部分主语多用he来代替，指物的不定代词主语多用it来代替。 6、当陈述部分为there be句型时，附加问句部分用be there结构的肯定或否定形式。 三、感叹句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，句末用感叹号。1、一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。 2、how引导的感叹句，基本结构是： How形容词/副词主语谓语！（主谓可省略） eg. How beautiful the park is! 3、What引导的感叹句：基本结构是：Whata/an形容词可数名词（单数）主语谓语!（主谓可省）eg. What a nice girl (she is)!What形容词可数名词复数（或不可数名词）主语谓语！eg. What beautiful flowers they are!注意：What感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an 。 eg. What a good news it is! 类似的有：What bad weather! What hard work! What delicious food!等 练习题:（一） 1)_ good kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 2)_ bad weather! I hope it wont last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 3)_ they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully （二）1)He had lunch at home. （用at school改选择问句） _ he _ lunch at home _ at school? 2)Hes never late for class. （改反意疑问句） Hes never late for class, _ _? 3)Mr Brown has few friends in this town.（改反意疑问句） Mr Brown has few friends in this town, _ _? （三）选择How或What（a/an）填空：(1)._ good news for all of us! (2)._ interesting book he has in his hand! (3)._ badly he hurt himself! (4)._friendly she is to everyone! 思考题1)Is Bruce an American _ an Australian? A.or B.but C.and D.so 2)_ wonderful time we have had. A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 3)_ modern cinema the workers are building. A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 4)The twins could swim when they were four.（改为反意问句） The twins could swim when they were four, _ _? 5)There is little meat in the fridge.（改为反意问句） There is little meat in the fridge, _ _?初中中考百题精讲-句子（3） - 四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please. 2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Dont。 Dont be late for class. 3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。 Let me/us Let him/her/them eg. Lets go to school. 注意：1)祈使句 and/or 简单句是常用句型 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果，就”祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“否则”eg. 1.Go down the street,and youll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or well be late.2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。eg.Tell me about it,will you/wont you? Dont tell anyone,will you? Lets go to school,shall we? Let us go out to play for a while,will you? 练习题1)_ on the thin ice. Its dangerous. A.Dont skate B.Dont skating C.Skate D.Not skate 2)Lets fly the kite on the playground, _ _?（附加问句） 3)Please turn down the radio a bit, _ _?（附加问句） 句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。eg. We cleaned the windows and tidied the room. 二、并列句：由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。eg. 1)I come from China and he comes from Japan. 2)Hurry up,or youll miss the train. 3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldnt find it. 4)She didnt know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher. 5)Hes interested in music while John is interested in sports. 三、复合句A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。 1、连接词 1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。 eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster. 2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.介词后的宾语从句：Im thinking of whether hell come.与or not连用：I dont know whether I should go or not.3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for? 2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词主谓结构(1).Bill wanted to know who did this.(2).I dont know whats the matter with Bob?(3).I dont know whats wrong with them? 3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。eg.Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。eg. I dont think that English is easy.I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 练习题：（一）How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me? (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me how _ _ on with his new classmates? What is he doing there? Mother didnt know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Mother didnt know what _ _doing there. Could you tell me _ they are talking about? A.where B.when C.why D.what Youd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on. Excuse me.Could you tell me where _? A.is the toilet B.the toilet is C.was the toiletD.the toilet was （二）1)Whats his name? I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I asked him what _ _ _.2)Why didnt he look happy? Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Could you tell me why _ _ look happy?3)Does he still live in that street? I dont know.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I dont know _ he still _ in that street.4)He said _ there was going to be a meeting that evening.A.what B.if C.that D.how5)I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did he getB.why he getsC.why does he getD.why he got思考题1)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out? （改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Did you find out whose children the old woman _ _ after? 2)The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上） My sister told me _ the moon_ round the earth.3)I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错） 4)Hello!I _ you _ in London. How long have you been here? A.dont knowwereB.hadnt known are C.havent knownare D.didnt knowwere 5)She asked me _ I thought of the radio.A.what B.how C.that D.whether 初中中考百题精讲-句子（5） - 1、同义词组的转换：指不同的词组表达同一个意思，用另一个意义相同的词组替换原句中的词组。1)Did your parents have a good time in Hangzhou? Did your parents _ _ in Hangzhou? 2)Jane prefers English to maths. Jane _ English _ than maths. 3)The smiths flew to London for their holiday yesterday afternoon.The smiths _to London for their holiday _ _yesterday afternoon. 4)Yesterday Tom heard from his sister. Yesterday Tom _ _ _ _ his sister. 5)The woman spent ￥200 on her handbag. The woman _ ￥200 _ her handbag.Her handbag _ the woman ￥200. 6)Lily taught herself Japanese. Lily _ Japanese _ _. 7)Lin Feng is weak in English. Lin Feng _ _ _ English. 2、反义词或词组的转换，相对于主语来说，动作发出的对象改变1)They havent written to their daughter for a long time. The daughter _ _ from her parents for a long time. 2)The farmer borrowed a pan from the woman last week. The woman _ a pan _ the farmer last week. 3)Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room._ _ to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 4)Lin Feng is weak in English. Lin Feng _ _ _ _ English. Lin Feng _ _ _ English. 3、比较等级的转换：形容词/副词的原级、比较级、最高级间的转换，通常用more than, less than,asas, not soas连接。1) Japanese is not so popular as English. Japanese is _ popular _ English. 2) Jim runs faster than any other student in his class.Jim runs _ _ all the students in his class._ runs _ than Jim in his class._ runs _ fast _ Jim in his class. 3) He has more story-books than I. I havent _ many story-books _ he. 4、用连接词把两句合并为一句的转换。1)The old woman was very angry.She couldnt say a word. The old woman was _ angry _ say a word. 2)Edison was very clever.He could invent a