上海中考时态讲解及练习.doc

_l 基本概念讲解（一） 一般现在时含义：（1）表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态 She is a teacher. She works in a middle school.（2）客观真理或普遍真理 The earth moves around the sun. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, at weekends, on Sundays, every week/day/year (注意：有这些标志词并不一定就用一般现在时，还要结合具体语境)结构：（1）主语+am, is, are +其他。 (2) 主语+动词（三单/原形）+ 其他。（二）现在进行时结构：主语+am/is/are +现在分词（ing）+其他。含义：（1）现在此时此刻正在发生的动作。标志词：now，look, listen, be quite, at the moment, these days, this week Be quite. The baby is sleeping. Look! She is dancing.These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm. （2）可以表示一般将来时。此时多与arrive, go, come, leave, get等表示位移的动词连用 We are leaving for Shanghai. 我们即将动身去上海。 He is coming in three days. （三）一般过去时含义：（1）过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。与last week/month/year, yesterday, two years ago, in the past, once, in 1990等连用。（2）过去习惯性或经常性的动作，此时和always, often, usually 等连用结构：主语+动词过去式+其他。（四）过去进行时含义：过去某个时刻或某一时间段内进行或发生的动作。结构：主语+ was/were + doing + 其他。判断依据：（1）由时间状语来判断At this time yesterday/ last year, at that time, at 7:oclock yesterday/last SundayThey were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon. He was waiting an important phone this time yesterday. （2）在when, while 等引导的时间状语从句中在when，while 引导的时间状语从句中，一个长动作发生时，另一个短动作发生。此时长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时。While we were having dinner, the light went off. I was walking on the street when someone called me. While 引导的时间状语从句两个动作同时发生，两个动作可用过去进行时，也可用一般过去时。I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. I cooked dinner while he played the piano. 练习： 1. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2. My brother _ while he _his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. had fallen, was riding C. falls, was riding 3. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a bookstore at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. worked D. has worked （五）一般将来时含义：即将要发生的动作标志词：tomorrow, next, next week/month/year, in the future, the coming (即将来临的), someday, in +段时间， soon 结构：主语+ will do +其他。 主语+am/is/are going to +do +其他。打算做某事（六）现在完成时含义：（1） 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果(完成时用法) Come and have breakfast with us. Thank you. Ive just had it. (我已经吃过了，现在不吃了) We have just cleaned the classroom.(我们刚刚把教室打扫了，现在教室干净了。) （2） 表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态（未完成时用法） He has stayed in Shanghai for three years. He has had the computer for three years.标志词： already, just, yet, before, never, ever（曾经）, recently, these days, since + 过去的时间点，in the past/last few years/months, ever since,for+时间段, so far, up to now（到目前）结构： 主语+has/have + 过去分词+其他。（七）过去完成时含义： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去 构成：主语+助动词 had +过去分词+其他。（had 通用于各种人称）They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） by the time + 一般过去时句子 “到的时候” By the time I got home, my little brother had gone to bed. ( 4 ) before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在时间状语从句中 : 主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. The film had already started when I got there. Li Lei had cleaned the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 Peter didnt go to see the film yesterday because he had seen it before. One of the men didnt move, because he had broken his legs. l 练习1. Have you finished your homework yet? Yes, I _it twenty minutes ago. A. have finished B. finished C. will finish D. had finished 2. Are Betty still living in Shanghai? No, she _ to Zhangzhou. A. are moved B. will move C. have just moved D. move 3. He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 4. When you called me last night, I _for the Maths exam. A. was preparing B. prepare C. had prepared D. am preparing 5. When the spring festival _, many people will spend their holiday abroad. A. comes B. will come C. came D. has come 6. We are glad to know that we _ to Hong Kong to spend the holiday next week. A. fly B. flew C. will fly D. have flown 7. Rich _ a lot about Chinese cultures since he came to Chines. A. learned B. will learned C. has learned D. was learning 8. Excuse me. Can you tell me if the sports meeting _ on time? its hard to say. If it rains tomorrow, we will have to put it off. A. held B. would hold C. was held D. will be held 9. By the time he was twenty, he _ two companies. A. owned B. has owned C. was owning D. had owned 10. When I got to the cinema, the film _ for five minutes. A. had begun B. was on C. has begun D. had been on 11. Soon you _ a senior high school student. Isnt it exciting? A. become B. will become C. became D. have become 12. My Dad promised on his birthday that he _ up smoking in the near future. A. will give B. would give C. was giving D. gave 13. By the end of last month, my sister _ all CDs of Mariah Carey. A. collected B. have collected C. collect D. had collected 14. By six oclock they _ for twelve hours. A. worked B. would work C. has worked D. had worked 15. My family and I _ my grandparents in New York this time last year. A. visited B. are visiting C. had visited D. were visiting 16. The Whites _ many trees in the garden since they moved here. A. planted B. have planted C. would plant D. were planting17. Tom didnt go to hear the singer because he _ him. A. heard B. would hear