比较句型.doc

比较的句型比较的句型l the same as表示同一类; the same that表示同一个;这里as和that都是关系代词。该句型中尽量使用as和that，虽有时可用who(先行词为人)甚至where（先行词为地点）He used the same book as you do.他使用和你相同的书。This is the same watch as I lost.这个手表和我遗失的相同（即同型号）。He is the same man who(=that) was here yesterday.他就是昨天到这里来的同一个人。但注意以下例句中的区别：I am the same age as you are. 我和你同一年龄。We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered.我们又沿原先进来的路驶出该城市。Peter suffers from the same handicap that you and I have. 皮特也有我和你都有的缺陷若是使用as，后面从句中的动词可以省略。而that则不能省。He uses the same book as you (do). He uses the same book that you do.l asas第一个as为副词，其后通常接形容词/副词(原级)，第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句等)。asas可用于肯定与否定句中。否定句中可以用not so/asas.“asadj./adv.as” “asadj.aan可数名词as”“as manyfew复数名词as” “as muchlittle不可数名词as”He is as handsome as his brother （is）。他和他哥哥一样英俊。Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡。The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙着工作。He is as nice a boy as Peter （is）。 他和彼得一样都是好男孩。She has as many friends as Mary （does）。 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。Youve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。He has as much money as John （does）。 他和约翰一样有很多钱。I havent got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。He is as clever as （he is） handsome. 他不但英俊而且聪明。It is not as/so popular as other foods. 它不像其它食物那样受欢迎。He does not study as/so hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。The winters are not so cold or so long as they used to be.= The winters are neither so cold nor so long as they used to be. She is as good a cook as her mother. =She is a cook as good as her mother. 但不说：She is as a good cook as her mother. 或They are as good cooks as us.第二个as后接从句时，该as常为连词，但充当其后从句的主语或宾语时该as为关系代词，引导的从句是定语从句。作为关系代词时soas可以用于肯定句中。I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。Weve got food for as many people as want it. 我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。与suchas 的转换：He spoke in such(=so) easy English as(=that) everybody could understand.他用每人都能听懂的英语讲。 Dont read such books as will defile your mind.不要阅读会污染你心灵的书。这种用法较老，常用thosethat/which来替代。若指人则用those（ ）who来代替。如：Do not read those books which you cant understand.He is as diligent a man as ever lived.他是未曾有过的下功夫的人。=He is one of the most diligent men that ever lived.以上例句的as都有先行词，但是先行词有时也可以是一个句子，如：He was late for school, as(=which) was usual with him.他又像平常一样迟到了。He was not an English man, as(=which) I knew from his accent.他不是一个英国人，这一点我听他的口音就知道。注：若第二个as用作连词引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接使用将来时态。如：Well get there as soon as you do/will. 你一到，我们就到。asas结构的修饰语：该结构根据情况可使用以下修饰语：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。He doesnt play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。asas结构的省略：在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中)，有时可以省略第一个as。如：When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如：The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。l as manymuch名词此句型意为“同数（量）的；一样多” He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many （=in ten） pages.他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误。Mike read five books in as many （=in five） months. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书。I didnt expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days.没想到（老实的）他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪。l as manymuch as数字复数名词不可数名词 “多达”此类词组还有：as long as数字（长达），as wide as数字（宽达）， as high as数字（高达），as early as数字（早在），as late as数字（迟在）等。She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生。I gave the beggar as much as 1，000 yen(日元). 我给了这乞丐整整一千元。I have been learning English （for） as long as 15 years. 我学英文已有十五年之久。He came home as late as two in the morning. 他迟至清晨两点才回家。The river is as wide as 100 meters. 这条河宽达一百公尺。I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。l 主词beasmuch名词as（be）主词“和同样”Comets are just as much members of the suns family as （are） the other planets.彗星和其它的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。l as far as名词“到之远；到的程度”。而“as far as”则表示“只要，在范围内的话”。Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英国来的燕子飞到南非那样远的地方。We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 我们往南开车一直到高雄。He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.他远至横滨去迎接由英国来的朋友。I swam as far as I could. 我尽可能地游远。l 主词动词just as形容词副词as（代）名词动名词若之后不是 be ，则 as 之后不用，而要用.Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver.做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要。He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像汤姆一样小心地写。l as形容词副词名词as one can“尽可能”，相当于“as as possible”。 Take as much exercise as you can. 尽可能多做运动。Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课。She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could.她需要使请求语气柔婉，以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气。You should be as careful as you can in making friends.在交朋友方面，你应该尽可能小心。We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can.我们最好尽可能多背句型。I looked down the road as far as I could. 我尽可能遥望这条路。l as as can be “极，不亚于任何人”常用的此类词组有：as plain as plain can be（再明白不过了），as white as white can be（白得不能再白了），as wrong as wrong can be（错得太离谱）等。He is as handsome as （handsome） can be. 他潇洒极了。He may not be so clever as Peter， but he is as industrious as can be.他也许不如彼得聪明，但却用功极了。You are as wrong as wrong can be.你是大错特错了。(=extremely/absolutely wrong 或 as wrong as possible)l as as need be;尽量是，绝对是；和asas can be结构和意义基本相同，但通常用于指过去。其中need为助动词Peter was as clear as need be.皮特是绝对清白的。Adam was as fine a chap(家伙，小伙子) as need be.亚当确是一条好汉。l as as ever “与往常一样”He is as happy as ever.不还是老样子，不知人生之忧愁。（和asas before相同，依然是。）Be as quick as ever as you can.尽量快些。（ever用来加强语气）He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。He is as brave a man as ever lived (breathed).他是古今无双的勇者。For miles and miles around, the prospect(美景) extended over as fair(美丽的) a land as ever rejoiced(使高兴) the sight of man.周围不知有几许英里，美丽的景色尽是伸展在人目所曾眺望过的最美丽的土地上。（以上两个例句表示“古今无双的”）l times as as “是的几倍”。“两倍” twice，三倍以上常用 times.This line is four times as long as that one. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半。l times the/my N 倍数词与名词之间一定有 the 或所有格.有时可改为“as” It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。He has three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍。He has more than three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York，which is four times the size of Holland. 荷兰的居民是纽约州的三分之二，而纽约州却是荷兰的四倍大。l more than as as “是的几倍还不止”He is more than three times as rich as I. （=He is three times richer than I.）他的财富是我的三倍还不止。He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I （have）。他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。l times er than “比大几倍”This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.这只母象比小象重一百倍。It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。This street is three times wider than that one. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。l not so adj. as adj. “与其说是倒不如说是”She is not so beautiful as charming. （=She is charming rather than beautiful.）与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。l not so much + N as + N “与其说是倒不如说是”He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。 The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。l not so much as “与其说是倒不如说是”Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health. （hinge on取决于，以为转移）快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。Ones greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉，倒不如说是要思考。It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.与其说给人面包很有帮助，倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙，不如归功于我们的合作。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. （=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.） 与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。l not so much as “甚至都不”相当于“not even ”（要置于助动词后）He cannot so much as write his own name. （=He cannot even write his own name.）他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。He is so stupid that he cant so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。l the more ， the more The more you soften a request， the more polite it becomes.你愈使请求柔婉，请求就愈变为客气。The more I learn， the less I feel I know. 学而后知不足。The closer you stay to nature， the more you will appreciate her beauty.你愈接近大自然，就愈能了解它的美。The more leisure he has， the less he stays at home. 愈是有空，他愈不肯待在家里。The more haste， the less speed. 欲速则不达。The more noble， the more humble（谦逊的，简陋的，低声下气的）. 结实愈丰者，其穗愈低。More profit and less honor. 舍名逐利。The more you beat iron the harder it grows. 铁不炼不成钢，玉不琢不成器。The sooner you do it, the better it will be.(= The sooner the better)越早越好。The smaller the room or the more people in it, the faster the air becomes bad.房间越小或里边的人越多，里边的空气就越快地变坏。Others will suspect us the more, the more we suspect them.我们越怀疑别人，别人越怀疑我们。其它转化换的句型：He worked all the harder, because his master praised him.他因主人称赞他而工作得更加努力了。l more and more The noise of traffic grows louder and louder. 交通的噪音变得愈来愈大。The girl became more and more beautiful. 这女孩变得愈来愈漂亮了。With the rapid economical development， Chinas position on the international stage is getting more and more important.随着经济迅速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。l more than “是而不是”You may also find that reading has become more fun than work！你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事，而不是工作。It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事，而不是真实发生的事情。I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望，而不是泄气。He seems more like a military officer than a business executive.他似乎比较像一个军官，而不像一个商业行政主管。He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。The computer is more expensive than the typewriter. 这部计算机比这部打字机更贵。People in the country are happier than people in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐。l N1 more than N2 “比更为的”People have to live on something more nourishing than hope.人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子。l more N than + adj./V-ed“比来得更多的”Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation.有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。I did more work than required. 我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作。We were given more money than necessary for the project.我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱。l It is better to V1 than V2 “比更”。than 之后的 to 可以省略。It is better to laugh than （to） weep. 笑比哭好。It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than （to） sit in the office.躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服。It is harder to teach than （to） study. 教书比读书辛苦。l make more of “使更加”Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力。Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us.他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。l all the more for “因为反而更加”。可写成“all the比较级because-子句”You will enjoy stories all the more for having understood the characters in them.你会因为已经了解小说中的角色，而更加喜欢小说。He studied all the harder because he had failed （=for his failure）。因为他失败了，他反而更用功念书了。She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing （=because her clothing is shabby）。即使她衣衫褴褛，却显得更美丽了。l none the er for “即使却一点也不”。=“none the比较级because-子句”His health is none the better for his exercise （=because he takes exercise）。即使他运动，他的健康状况却一点也不好。She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.即使她身穿时髦洋装，却一点也不漂亮。He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有钱，却一点也不快乐。l none the less for “即使却仍然”=none the lessadj.adv.because从句 I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷，我还是爱他。She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫褴褛，却仍然美丽。He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了，却仍然用功念书。l no more than “正如不一样，也不” 表示否定; =“not any more than”。若 than之后的词类与前面的词类相同，可省略；若不同，不可省。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.没有爱的家不是家，就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。He is no more able to speak English than I am （able to speak English）。和我不会说英语一样，他也不会说英语。He is no more considerate（体贴的） of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。We can no more live without sleep than （we can） without water.我们没有睡眠不能活，正如我们没有水就不能活一样。I am no more out of my mind than you are （out of your mind）。 你我两人都没有疯狂。He is no better/no more good at English than I am. 他的英文不好，就像我一样。He is no more diligent than you are.正如你不勤奋一样，他也不勤奋。He is not more diligent than you are.他不比你更勤奋。He is not diligent any more than you are.l no less than “A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样”。等于“as as”A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is （happy over his engagement）。他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功。Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books.交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。Sports wears， no less than suits， are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样，非常畅销。l not more than “没有比更多；最多只是和一样”。=at best as asShe is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比玛丽美丽顶多只是和玛丽一样美。I was not more surprised than he （was）。 我不像他那样惊讶。l not less than “至少与一样”。=at least as asShe is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和玛丽一样美丽。He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一样对谱曲很感兴趣。l no more than “仅仅”。=“only”，强调稀少It is no more than ten minutes walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment.我的英文作业中只有两三处错误。l no less than “多达；足足有之多”。=“as manymuch as ”，强调多I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. 我的工资多达一万元。The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。No less than ten students flunked the exam. 足有十位学生在这次考试中不及格。l not more than “最多不超过”。等于“at most”。It is not more than ten minutes walk from the station. 由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程。For safetys sake，dont drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city.为了安全起见，在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。l not less than “至少”。等于“at least”。The audience was not less than five thousand. 听众至少也有五千人。Ill stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission， I believe it takes not less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天，但我却认为至少需要六天。l at best + N“充其量；只不过是”。等于“nothing but ”。Dont expect much of him；he is at best a student. 不要对他期望过高；他只不过是个学生。She is at best a second-rate singer. 她充其量是个二流歌手。Dont scold him too much；he is at best a child. 不要太责骂他；他只不过是个孩子。l much more /much less “更不用说”。“much more ”等于“let alone ”或“still more ”，只用于肯定句；“much less ” 等于“still less ”，只用于.She can speak English，much more/let alone/still more write it.她会说英语，更不用说写英文了。She cannot speak English，much less/still less write it. 她不会说英语，更不用说写英文了。You have a right to your property，much more to your ideas.你有处理自己财产的权利，更有支配自己思想的权利。I enjoy singing，much more listening to music. 我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。She cannot buy daily necessities，much less luxuries.她连生活必需品都不能买，更不用说奢侈品。That father cant discipline himself，much less set a good example for his children to follow.那位父亲不能以身作则，更不用说做孩子的榜样了。l more than any other N “比其它任何都还”=“比较级thanall the other复数名词John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 约翰比班上其它的同学用功。John is more diligent than all the other students in his class.约翰比班上其它的同学用功。Autumn is better for reading than any other season. 秋天比任何季节都适合读书。l more than anyone else “比其它任何都还”。.anyone else 指人；anything else 指物。John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 约翰比班上其它的同学用功。Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 时间比世上任何东西都宝贵。We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我们对时间的不重视超过其它任何事物。l nothing is er than “没有如此者”Nothing is more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。No place is better than ones home. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music.没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了。Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air.我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其它任何事物。l nothing more than N “只不过”。“nothing more than”等于“nothing but”。Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment.有些只不过是被当做娱乐而不予考虑。It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。l the very same/opposite/reverse （very只是加强语气，没别的意思）He used the very same words as I did.他使用了和我完全相同的字。He said the very opposite of what I expected.他说了和我预期的完全相反的话His character is the very reverse/opposite to mine.他的性格和我的完全相反。l such as; such asBirds of prey prey vi. 捕食；掠夺；折磨n. 捕食；牺牲者；被捕食的动物(猛禽), such as(=like) the eagle and the hawk, do not lay many eggs. 猛禽如老鹰和飞鹰，