9种常见英语构词法件.ppt

英语构词法,1.affixation词缀法2.Compounding合成法3.conversion词性转换法4.Acronym首字母缩略词5.clipping剪切法缩短法6.blending混合法7.Onomatopoeia拟声法8.borrowingwordsfromotherlanguages（外来语）9.addingnewmeaningintoexistingwords（已有词汇增加新词意）,1affixation词缀法,是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-+understandv.理解-misunderstandv.误解en-+largeadj.大的-enlargev.扩大(Page247:AppendixIII),后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。humorn.幽默-humorousadj.幽默的realadj.真实的-realizev.实现trendn.潮流，时尚-trendyadj.时尚的特殊情况：helpn.帮助-helplessadj.无助的dutyn.关税-dutyfreeadj.免税的,1affixation词缀法,2Compounding合成法,由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词n.+n.six-year-oldgreenhousebaby-sittersnowfallThemeparkmailordermother-tonguedoorbellsister-in-lawdeathpenaltysunglassesmineralwatersunflowercreditcardbestmanhouseworkbridesmaidshoeshop,n.+adj=n./adjcolor-blindduty-freeworld-famoustoothachen.+v-ing=n./adjproof-readingwatch-makinghand-writtingrecord-breakingearthshakingpeace-lovingn+v-ed=adjhand-madeheart-broken,adj.+n.=n.shorthandwhite-face（？）first-classhigh-speedlong-distancequick-chargeadj.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.new-borngood-lookingdeep-breathingfar-reachingcold-bloodedleft-handedadv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.hard-wokingfast-developingwell-knownnewly-built,v-ing.+n.=nsittingroomdiningcarrunningwaterworkingpeopleflyingfishv.+n.=n.pickpocket(？)breakwater（放浪堤）workplacev.+adv.=n.get-togethertake-away(熟食)die-hard(死硬派)breakthroughworkout,3conversion词性转化法,是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.watern.水-waterv.浇水handn.手-handin上交v.telephonen.电话-telephonev.打电话lookv.看-takealookn.emptyadj.空的-Toemptythebasketv.stopv.停止-n.车站interest.waste.present.close.back.spareage.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.last.lift.line.labour.hit.object.open.mean.stampmatch.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense,4Acronym(首字母缩略词),CAD;VIP;WHO;BBC;OPEC;AIDS;CIA;CEO;NPC;FBIcomputer-aideddesign计算机辅助设计veryimportantperson重要的人；贵宾worldhealthorganization世界卫生组织BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome爱滋病；获得性免疫功能丧失综合症CentralIntelligenceAgency中央情报局ChiefExecutiveOfficer（公司等的）总经理，总裁NationalPeoplesCongress（中国）全国人民代表大会FederalBureauofInvestigation（美国）联邦调查局,5Clipping剪切法,从某个词的完整形式中截取一个或更多音节Lab-laboratory图书馆auto-automobile汽车Gas-gasoline汽油Copter-helicopter直升飞机Scope-telescope望远镜Flu-influenza流感fridge-refrigerator冰箱ad-advertisement广告phone-telephone电话,6Blending混合法,Comsat=communication+satellite通讯卫星Smog=smoke+fog烟雾motel=motor+hotelbrunch=breakfast+lunch,7.Onomatopoeia拟声法,Onomatopoeia,nmtpi:拟声法拟声词（echowords）：发音与其所指之间存在很多自然的相似关系。cuckoo；mew；ding-dong；click;quack；hiss杜鹃；猫；门铃；键盘、门锁；鸭子；蛇Echo-words(拟声词)areuniversalfeaturesinanylanguage.,8Borrowingwordsfromotherlanguages外来语,来自汉语：jiaozi饺子Stinkytofu臭豆腐Pinyin拼音papertiger纸老虎kungfu功夫Confucius孔子,来自日语：bengto便当judo柔道karaoke卡拉OKkimono和服sushi寿司tsunami海啸tatami榻榻米,来自印第安语：canoe独木舟Eskimo爱斯基摩人hurricane飓风,来自法语：salon沙龙sl:nresume简历rzu:mnaive天真的nai:vsouvenir纪念品su:vnrfiance未婚夫fi:nse,9Addingnewmeaning