高考英语时态与语态ppt课件.ppt

,高考语法复习动词时态与语态,HumourousMoments,TheFatherandHisSonFather:Youknow,Tom,whenLincoln_(be)yourage,he_(be)averygoodpupil.Infact,he_(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.Tom:Yes,Father.I_(know)that.Butwhenhe_(be)yourage,he_(be)PresidentoftheUnitedStates.,was,was,was,was,was,know,Whoisthelaziest?,Father：Well,Tom,I_(ask)yourteacherToday,andnowI_(want)toaskyouaquestion.Who_(be)thelaziestpersoninyourclass?Tom:I_(notknow),Father.Father:Oh,yes,you_(do)!Think!WhentheOtherboysandgirls_(readandwrite),who_(sit)inclassandonly_(watch)howtheotherpeoplework?Tom:Ourteacher,teacher.,asked,want,is,dontknow,do,arereadingandwriting,sits,watches,熟读深思熟读下列各句,结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词发生的时间或所处的状态,理解不同时态的用法与构成。1.Igetupat7：00everymorning.我每天早上七点起床。(经常的动作),2.Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。(客观真理)3.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。(格言或警句)4.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.我们小时候常在一起玩。,5.Theyrehavingameetingnow.他们现在在开会。(现在)6.Imstudyingataneveningschool.我在上夜校。(现阶段)7.Shesalwayshelpingothers.她老是帮助别人。(赞扬),8.Iknewyouwouldagree.我知道你会同意的。(在过去某个时候看来,将要发生的事)9.Ihaveseenthefilmalready.我已经看过那部电影了。(暗示：我已知道电影的内容了),10.Shehasbeenadancerfortenyears.她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。(从十年前开始一直到现在)11.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到达时,小偷们已经跑了。(过去的过去),12.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.当杰克到来时,他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。(过去的过去)13.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.中国人造纸有2000年了。(两千年前开始造纸,现在依然在造纸),14.Hewillcomeifyouinvitehim.如果你请他,他会来的。(条件句中在一般现在时代替一般将来时)15.Theplanetakesoffat11：30.飞机十一点半起飞。(时刻表中的规定),16.MikeiscominghomeonThursday.迈克星期四回来。(近期计划,常与表示将来的时间状语连用)17.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?你打算明天做什么呢？(打算),18.Lookattheclouds;itsgoingtorain.你看天上的云,快下雨了。(已有迹象表明)19.TheyaretobemarriedinJune.他们将在六月结婚。(正式安排)20.HeisabouttosetoffforBeijing.他马上要去北京。(即将),1.时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有以下10种时态：,2.表示将来有多种方式,请注意比较：will/shalldo表示单纯的将来或临时的决定。begoingtodo表示主观打算或已有迹象表明将要发生某事。,beabouttodo表示即将，不与表示将来的时间连用。do/does(一般现在时)在时刻表中规定要发生某事或在时间、条件状语从句中。betodo按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。1)Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorm.（2005年辽宁卷）wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled,2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句和以nomatter,however,evenif等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.（2005年全国卷）A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining,二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in1999,atthattime等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。Iboughtanewcarthreedaysago.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.（2005年上海卷）A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent,三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。1)Whatstheterriblenoise？Theneighbors_foraparty（2004年北京卷）A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare2)Becausetheshop_,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.（2004年浙江卷34题）hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown3)Areyoustillbusy?Yes,I_mywork,anditwonttakelong.AjustfinishB.amjustfinishingChavejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish,4)SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning5)Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange,四、对过去进行时的考查Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.,Whenitbegantorain,Iwaswalking,now,1.把过去进行时放在when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.Oh,I_forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.（2004年福建卷）A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited,2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（2004年全国卷）A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98）A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting,五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。2.现在完成进行时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since等短语连用。,I_(graduate)in1993andinthatyearI_(begin)toteachEnglishinamiddleschool.I_(teach)thereforfiveyears.Fiveyearslater,I_(move)toPinghu.I_(teach)seniorEnglishinDanghuHighSchoolfornearly9yearseversincethen.,graduated,began,taught,moved,havetaught/havebeenteaching,1)Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.(2005湖北)weredecidingB.havedecidedC.decidedD.willdecide2)Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.（2005重庆）hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused,3)Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.（2004全国卷）hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned注：由终止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。Eg.Ihaventmethimfortwoyears.,3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.（98NMET）I_itrighthere.Butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;put,TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramseversince1977.,六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成:have/hasbeen+doing概念:表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时Ihavewrittenanarticle.Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,强调：已完成性,强调：持续性，未完成性,1)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider2)-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted,七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg.Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.Whatapity!,GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?No,I_.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?（2004年湖北卷）A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadntbeeninvitedD.didntinvite,常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。1)Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid,把过去完成时放在by+过去时间点或bythetime+从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.（2003年上海春）A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted,2019/12/16,39,可编辑,2019/12/16,40,可编辑,1.-Doyouworkhere?-No,Idontreallyworkhere.I_untilthenewsecretarycomes.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout,举一反三破定势,造成思维定式的干扰因素：,comes,从现主将,误选,just,完成时标志,误选B,题眼：,Idontreallyworkhere,暂时性工作,正确选项C,Just的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句,2.I_inLondonformanyyears，butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.(重庆卷).livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived,造成思维定势的干扰因素：,formanyyears,完成时标志,误选C/D,解题关键：,Formanyyears与现在无联系,一般过去时,A,被动语态,熟读深思朗读下列被动句,体会被动语态的用法;观察谓语部分,思考各种时态被动语态的构成。1.TheG8ismadeupofpoliticalleaders.(BSDM4,P22),2.TheGroupofEight,orG8,wasformedbyeightoftheworldswealthiestnationsin1998.(M4,P22)3.Thenewsisbeingcelebratedbycrowdsinthestreets.(M4,P23),4.At12:45UKtimetoday,thenameofthehostcityforthe2012OlympicGameswasbeingannouncedbyIOCinSingapore.(M4,P23)5.Reformshavebeendemandedbypeoplefromallovertheworld.(M4，P22),6.Londonsnamehadbeenannouncedtwicebefore.(M4,P23)7.Itisgoingtoberememberedasahistoricalmeetingthisyear,asthetopicofAfricawillbediscussedindetail.(M4,P22),8.TheywanttheleaderstocancelthedebtofAfricaspoorestcountriessothattheproblemstherecanbepreventedfromgettinganyworse.(M4,P22),不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,就用被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，时态、人称和数的变化是通过be来体现的。以do为例,请完成下表：,1.只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agreewith，sufferfrom，belongto等及物动词或及物的短语动词也没有被动语态。2.像happen，takeplace等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。,注意：,3.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态,不要漏掉介词。如：Thechildrenwillbelookedafterwellhere.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。,4.以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：系动词feel，look，seem,appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是事物。如：Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。,write，read,clean，sell，wash,cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或与well,badly,easily等副词连用,主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：Thebooksellswell.那本书很畅销。Thewindowwontopen.这扇窗开不了。,cook，bake，make，print，pack，build，workout等动词用于进行时态时。如：Thefishiscooking.鱼正在煮。,在语法填空中,动词的时态是必考内容。10空中通常有一空是考查时态的,其中,最有可能考的是一般过去时或者是主要是第三人称单数的一般现在时态,以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。被动语态是可能要考的内容,特别是一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。若掌握好被动语态,在写作中适当运用,可使句子更加多样化,有时甚至会更加自然、生动。,时态语态与高考,有一空是考查非谓语动词的。因此，解题方法如下：首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态；二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态；三是要注意主谓一致，最后才能确定所填动词的形式。,注意：,在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断：1.看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；2.在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词的形式；,3.看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/wereabouttodo.when.didItis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)Ithadbeen+时间段+since从句(过去完成时),Itwillbe+时间段+since从句(一般现在时)It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat.have/hasdone.It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat.haddone.,Hardlyhad+主语+done.when.did.Nosoonerhad+主语+done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多,平时要注意积累。,几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时：除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)B：一般现在时代替完成时：句型“Itissince”代替“Ithasbeensince”Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmetC：一般现在时代替进行时：在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：Look,herecomesMr.Li.,请根据以上技巧,完成以下历年高考试题。1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemotevillage.,broke,2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.,results,3.Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows,hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).,pushed,wasinformed,4.IgotonthebusandfoundaseatnearthebackandthenInoticedamansittingatthefront.He_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.,waspretending,1.Ifyoudontlikethedrinkyou_(order)，justleaveitandtryadifferentone.,灵活运用,ordered,2.IllgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI_(do).,amdoing,3.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant_(give)inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.,wasgiving,4.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI_(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.,haveattended,5.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_(produce)allovertheworld.,havebeenproduced,6.Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernmentexpressedtheirthanksfortheaidthey_(receive)fromChina.,hadreceived,7.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson_(graduate)fromcollege.,hadgraduated,8.Tom_(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.,hasbeenworking,9.Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_(save)enoughforausedone.,willhavesaved,10.Iseveryonehere？Notyet.Look,there_(come)therestofourguests!,come,11.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_(wear)eveningdress.,wears,12.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers_(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.,have,13.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_(come)onthemarketin1973.14.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_(arrive)safely.,came,havearrived,15.Uptonow,theprogram_(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.,hassaved,16.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology_(make)byscientists.,willbemade,17.Experimentsofthiskind_(conduct)inboththeU.SandEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.,hadbeenconducted,18.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam_(rescue)fourdayslater.,wasrescued,19.Allvisitorstothisvillage_(treat)withkindness.,aretreated,20.Thechurchtowerwhich_(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.,isbeingrestored,21.Thiscoastalarea_(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.,wasnamed,22.Linda,makesurethetables_(set)beforetheguestsarrive.,areset,23.Youvefailedtodowhatyou_(expect)toandImafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.,wereexpected,24.Peoplesayth