雅思作文常用论据素材.doc

.Task-2常用论据素材1. 环境类话题1-1.Economic/social development and environment 1-1-a. the influences of economic/social development upon environment obtain convenience: electrical facilities + vehicles with traditional energies = the emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases pursue economic profits: government revenue = tax income = the constructions of factories or low-end industries= chemical wastes 1-1-b. the solutions to environmental contamination Technological approaches: The research and development of alternative energies (solar power, hybrid, wind, hydro power) The invention and promotion of energy-efficient facilities (efficient lightbulb, circulating water system) Economic approaches: Governments subsidies on the research and development of alternative or renewable resources 1-2. agencies to shoulder the responsibilities for environmental problems1-2-a. governments responsibility Legislative approach: Formulate strict laws and harsh punishments for those who generate pollution Economic approach: Levy heavy taxes on those polluters + grant subsidies on those who are environmental-friendly1-2-b. individuals responsibility Endeavors to reduce pollution: Choose alternative modes of travel, including walking or public transportation, instead of private cars Take an active part in the classification of garbage, reusing and recycling the waste materials2. 教育类话题2-1. the purpose of schooling 2-1-a. the significance of academic knowledge Achieve the fundamental objective of schooling: Advancement of boundaries of knowledge + building up thinking patterns to problem-solving Be beneficial to job-hunting: Acquire professional knowledge and skills associated with a specific field = more competitive and competent in job-seeking 2-1-b. the significance of moral and ethical education Be conducive to personal development: Enable individuals to distinguish the good from the evil and ensure them on the right track in terms of moral development Avoid running counter to the laws Fundamental responsibility of teachers: Be responsible for imparting students with positive morals, values and ethics to ensure students healthy growth 2-2. learning style (traditional Vs. modern) 2-2-a. the significance of teacher Implement individualized education: Can carry out student-oriented teaching pattern, in which teachers can investigate students needs and formulate curriculum designs on the basis of students distinct situations Reliability and professionalism: Expert background in teaching = more professional teaching pattern + more reliable information source 2-2-b. the significance of other resources The diversity of information resource: Obtain information and updated knowledge from a variety of fields Motivation: Avoid tedious learning process + render learning process more vivid and vigorous2-3. academic subjects and arts/sports2-3-a. the significance of academic subjects National interest/development: Academic subjects = achievements in scientific research = benefits in various fields, such as military and medical areas + higher international status and reputation Be beneficial to job-hunting: Professional knowledge in specific fields = more competitive and competent in job-seeking 2-3-b. the significance of arts/sports Enrich spiritual life and enhance physical health: Arts = be conducive to self-cultivation = relieve pressure Sports = physical exercises = reduce the possibility of disease Bring higher government revenue + national reputation: Protect and promote traditional arts = attract more attentions worldwide = tourism = economic profits Success in sports competition = higher national reputation 2-4. parents and schools responsibilities2-4-a. parents responsibilityensure childrens healthy growth; impart children with fundamental knowledge, skills and values; teach children how to distinguish the good from the evil; guide children on the basis of their personality traits and strong/weak points2-4-b. schools responsibility have an abundance of educational resources (professional teaching staff + educational facilities); implement individualized education; impart individuals with knowledge and values 3. 媒体类话题3-1. violent/obscene/disaster images in TV programs and movies 3-1-a. the reasons why violent images should be banned Adverse impacts upon children and youths: Children are immature = limited recognition and strong curiosity = imitate violent images Threaten social harmony: Images of disaster = immerse individuals in depression and frustration = adverse impacts upon study and work Images of violence = render individuals feel frightened and anxious = psychological pressure = adverse impacts upon study and work 3-1-b. the reasons why violent/obscene/disaster images are displayed Economic profits for mass media: Images of disaster and violence = higher audience rating = more advertisements = more revenue Governments negligence of responsibility: The formulation of laws to supervise mass media is insufficient. The implementation of laws is undemanding. 4. 犯罪类话题4-1. the methods to deal with criminals4-1-a. the impacts of harsh punishment/penalty Deter potential criminal behaviors: Harsh punishment = those who tend to make a desperate attempt will reconsider their decisions = the stun effect Console victims + represent the justice of laws: Harsh punishment = consolation for victims and their family members + representation of justice of laws Avoid social panic: Harsh punishment = increase individuals sense of safety 4-1-b. the impacts of reeducation Be beneficial to social harmony and stability: Reeducation = acquire knowledge and skills = survive and be independent in society = avoid commit crimes again Reeducation = trigger them to repent and make a fresh start, compared to harsh punishment, such as imprisonment, which brings about desperation and even hatred4-2. juvenile delinquency4-2-a. the reasons of juvenile delinquency Social factor: Mass medias pursuit of profits = obscene and violent images + youths imitation Personal factor: Adolescent psychological inversion Domestic factor: Domestic violence + single-parent family = threaten psychological health (apathy, loss and loneliness) The solutions to juvenile delinquency Governments responsibility: Censorship and supervision over mass media (grading, viewers discretion) Parents affinity and dialogue: Reclaim youths Strict rules will foster the intractability Parents sense of responsibility: Avoid dispute and violent behavior in front of children 5. 政府类话题5-1. government and education5-1-a. the reasons why government should finance education Reliability of financial source: The government authority is of ability to offer strong and continuous financial support. Governments responsibility: Government administration has duty to provide tax payers with opportunity to be educated and ensure citizens right of acquiring education. 5-1-b. the reasons why individuals/NGOs should finance education Relieve governments financial burden: More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need governments funding. Trigger students to value the opportunity of education: Students who are financed by themselves will treasure it and devote endeavors to studying. 5-2. government and culture/arts5-2-a. the reasons why government should finance culture/arts Economic profits: Governments efforts to protect and promote traditional arts = tourism = more income for local residents and more government revenue Ensure cultural diversity: Governments efforts to protect culture or arts of ethnic minorities = maintain social harmony and stability 5-2-b. the reasons why artists/NGOs/individuals should finance culture/arts Relieve governments financial burden: More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which need governments funding. Avoid complex bureaucratic procedure: The complex bureaucratic procedure of the government needs a long time which may delay the protection of minority culture. 6. 建筑类话题6-1. the importance of the function of a building6-1-a. practicability Capacity (how many people it can accommodate) + safety (resistance against earthquake and fire)6-1-b. being environmental-friendly + energy saving Whether the exterior and interior materials are environmental-friendly is a huge concern of the public. 6-2. the importance of the appearance of a building6-2-a. economic profits Unique and individualized architectural design = attract individuals attentions = tourism = economic profits for local residents and the government 6-2-b. representation of the culture of a city Unique and individualized architectural design = represent a citys cultural identity = distinguish it from many others 7. 就业类话题7-1. the reasons why unemployment rate is high7-1-a. insufficiency of practical skills Traditional education = theoretical and academic oriented stuff = practical skills are inadequate + employers expectation (seek those with practical skills to reduce training cost)7-1-b. labor supply labor demand Universities enlargement of enrollment = a huge number of graduate enter the labor market to seek employment opportunity + labor demand remains limited = unemployment 7-2. the solutions to reducing unemployment rate7-2-a. opportunity of practicum and internship for graduates Universities are expected to offer internship positions for those young graduates, which can facilitate the transition between graduation and employment. 7-2-b. economic incentives from the government Tax-cut policy + subsidy = encourage enterprises to hire young graduates8. 家庭类话题8-1. the advantages of living together 8-1-a. exert positive impacts upon childrens development Seniors, with healthy lifestyles, habits and regular schedules, as a vivid example, can exert positive effects, by which children follow a right track to grow up. 8-1-b. promote the closeness and harmony of family Living together contributes to facilitating mutual understanding and respect among family members, dispelling barrier and misunderstanding. 8-2. the disadvantages of living together8-2-a. conflicts Generation gap (difference in thinking pattern and living habit) = conflict Educational methods (a difference exists among individuals of old generation in terms of the strategy to educate the youngsters.)8-2-b. loss of privacy Life is under momentary monitor and supervision. 9. 社会发展与全球化类话题9-1. the impacts of social progress9-1-a. the positive influences of social progress Higher living standard: Due to the promotion of medical care, education, pension plan, public services, public transport and infrastructure, the general public can gain easier access to higher quality of life. More government revenue: Social progress = superior education = individuals with outstanding educational background can obtain better employment opportunity = higher income = more income tax 9-1-b. the negative influences of social progress Environmental problems: Emissions of toxic substance and greenhouse gases + exhaustive exploitation (energy shortage) = sustainable development path is faced with challenge. hinder/impede/dampen human beings creativity: Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less efforts to moving forward. 9-2. international aids9-2-a. the significance of international aids Immediate effect on underdeveloped countries: Financial and technological aids contribute to solving a series of problems in poor countries, including food shortage, spread of disease and poor infrastructure, all of which are attributed to the insufficiency of funding. Humanitarianism: Human beings living in the same global village help one another, providing individuals in poor countries with a chance to enhance their quality of life. = global harmony 9-2-b. the problems of international aids Loss of motivation to develop themselves: The governments of underdeveloped countries are reluctant or, to be more accurate, lazy to take an active part in making progress, due to the fact that they get accustomed to obtaining aids. Complaints from tax payers of developing countries: Domestic affairs are equally urgent and appeal financial support either, such as medical care, infrastructure and unemployment insurance. 9-3. the advantages and disadvantages of the movement of people9-3-a. the advantages of the movement of people Enhance quality of life and well-being: Moving to a new place for working or studying is often driven by a desire to fulfill personal needs in academic or career layers, such as obtaining superior education, better working environment and higher payment. Narrow regional difference (balance regional development): The movement of talents facilitates filling the gap between developed and underdeveloped regions, on account of the fact that they bring advanced knowledge, extensive experience and professional skills to the underdeveloped area. 9-3-b. the disadvantages of the movement of people Problems in major cities: Population explosion, energy shortage, difficulty in employment, traffic congestion and contamination Problems in psychology: Insufficiency in ability to adapt = sense of loneliness and homesickness10. 广告类话题10-1. the positive layers of advertisements10-1-a. for enterprises: Commercial advertising serves as a crucial medium for enterprises to promote and popularize their ideas and products, by which potential market can be developed. 10-1-b. for consumers: The general public can gain access to the information regarding the products, including price, function and suitable crowd. Simultaneously, information with respect to discount and promotion is also involved. 10-2. the negative layers of advertisements10-2-a. improper images To attract more attentions, some advertisements contain obscene and violent images, which exert adverse impacts upon youths who possibly imitate them and commit crimes. 10-2-b. mislead consumers Some advertisements may contain information that is fake or exaggerated, which misleads consumers and thus render them make wrong purchasing decisions. 11. 旅游类话题11-1. the benefits of tourism11-1-a. promote local and national economy Making consumptions in shopping malls, restaurants, hotels and scenic spots, visitors bring considerable business opportunities for local economy, which leads to a consequence that tax income gets increased for local government, equally important, more job positions are available. 11-1-b. enhance cross-cultural communication Tourism facilitates individuals with distinct backgrounds to communicate with one another, by which mutual understanding and respect can be set up and prejudice and misunderstanding can be eliminated. 11-2. the drawbacks of tourism11-2-a. environmental problems for tour destinations Garbage disposal and exhaust emission11-2-b. preservation of cultural relics An excessive number of tourists set an awkward question for those tour destinations, owing to their limited carrying capacity. 11-2-c. interrupt normal life of local residents More demands for transportation and accommodation caused by tourists disturb the normal life of local residents. 12. 健康类话题12-1. the reasons for healthy problems12-1-a. unhealthy habits smoking and excessive drinking + staying up all night + irregular life style 12-1-b. pressure from work and study The intense competition immerses individuals in a condition of tension, leading to less time and motivation to do physical exercises. 12-1-c. contamination Air and noise pollution (exhaust + greenhouse gases)12-2. the solutions to healthy problems12-2-a. correct improper habits Media should shoulder the responsibility to popularize healthy habits. 12-2-b. relieve pressure Maintain an optimistic mood + keep physical exercises 12-2-c. deal with pollution Governemnts efforts + individuals endeavors (refer to No.1)13. 食品类话题13-1. the advantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food13-1-a. importing food: Domestic consumers can benefit from importing food, due to a variety of food available for selecting. 13-1-b. exporting food: It brings about considerable economic profits for countries which export food, especially for those who work in the industry of food export. 13-2. the disadvantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food13-2-a. importing food: On account of lower price and higher quality, importing food forms a threat to domestic food, which implies that workers in domestic food industry may be faced with unemployment. (without tariff) 13-2-b. exporting food: With tariff, exporting food is expensive for import countries = less demand = workers producing exporting food wi