高考分类汇编：七选五.doc

2016高考分类汇编 七选五1.【2016全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. 【答案】36.-40 D E G.F A36.D考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。37.E考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.符合语境。考点：七选五阅读理解【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。如37题和39题只需要利用for example来进行解题。2.【2016全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 19 -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G【名师点睛】 本文属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。 当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况： 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。考点：考查说明文阅读3.【2016全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one. Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish. 20 First, leanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料). Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound. (Alargeronewilltakemoretime.) Then, itsreadytoserve.A. Donotbuyit.B. Theeasiestistosteamit.C. Thisishowyoucandoit.D. Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E. Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F. Whenbuyingfish, youshouldfirstsmellit.G. Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.B考点：生活类短文阅读【名师点睛】高考七选五解题方法1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。2.分析句型，了解语法构成3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都与它们的前一句有联系。5.带入通读，复查做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做连错，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。4.【2016北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well. 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【答案】71.F72.C73.A74.E75. G考点：科研类短文阅读【名师点睛】 1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。 3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。 4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。 5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly.butalso，ononehand.ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。5.【2016四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.18Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.19Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20AHowever,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 20.E【名师点睛】在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20小题，Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some- Others-，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。考点：考查信息匹配6.【2016浙江】下面文章中有5处（第61-65题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（ABCDE和F）中选出符合各段意思的小题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Get involved in student activitiesB. Your voice is actually super importantC. There is a significant increase of opportunitiesD. Stay in active communication with your friendsE. Get smart about the people who you spend your time withF. Your major does not matter as much in your first of college Five Things Nobody Told Me about CollegeAs I type this , I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. However, theres only so much that prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5things nobody told me about college:61 Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, theyre lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance . During my first quarter at University of California, Riverside (UCR),I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs, so thats what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area.62 In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations. However, there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take advantage of the conferences, research, internships ,and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into your academic advisors office, introduce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career. Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.63 College is where you meet your birdesmaids, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in . You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.64 As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor, asking him for support towards my initiavives, met with the Vive Chancellors, and coorerated with my teaching assistances to begin my undergraduate research protect. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.65 At my high school, there were about only four active club and organizations that students could be a part of. Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCRs campus, where over 400 organizations exist, ranging from political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all or your tuition(学费)to merely go to class, study,pass tests and graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day. It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.61. 【答案】F【解析】试题分析：根据本段的句子Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, theyre lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance .可知，这段主要介绍了：你的专业在大学一年级不重要。故选F。考点：考查段落大意62. 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：根据本段的句子In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.可知，这段主要介绍了：机会不断增加。故选C。考点：考查段落大意63. 【答案】E考点：考查段落大意64. 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：根据本段的句子Nothing good will happen when you are silent.可知，这段主要介绍了：你说的话实际上非常重要。故选B。考点：考查段落大意65. 【答案】A【解析】试题分析： 根据本段的句子It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.可知，这段主要介绍了：参与一些学生的活动。故选A。考点：考查段落大意【名师点睛】任务型阅读出题模式与往年相同，给段落添加首句，考查学生对信息的提取和把握能力。由于关键词汇不易混淆，所以难度略有下降。如61题，段落中的what you want to study和选项F中的major 匹配；62.题，段落中的chances和选项C的opportunities是同义词；63题段落中的wise和选项E的smart是近义词；64题段落中的silent和选项B的voice是关联词；65题段落中的organization 和A项的activities也有联系。7.【河南省重点中学协作体2016届高三第二次适应性考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We all go through times when we feel we are not good enough. We might feel that way at work or in school or even as a parent. Here are some things to remember when you feel like that. 36.When I started my Ph.D. program, I felt like the dumbest person in every class. I couldnt believe how many smart people were there. I didnt know if I could measure up to their intelligence or compete in the same league with them. Years later, I found out that almost everyone felt this way, too. Youare unique and have special talents. If you can barely make Hamburger Helper , dont compare yourself to your sister who is a chef(厨师). Im sure you can do many things that she cant.37You are you. You are not your sister. Youneed to stop chasing perfection. It doesnt exist. Whats perfect to me is not perfect to you. So if you think that there is some objective measurement of perfection and that the rest of the world is judging you against, then you are wrong.38. 39.Our sense of self-worth is based in our thoughts. We have been programmed for many years with thoughts about ourselves. Messages come from our parents, our peers, teachers, the media and our own labels. But guess what? They are only thoughts. Just because you think these thoughts, it doesnt make them true. 40.A. You have the power to change your future.B. So focus on your own passions and talents.C. You are not the only one who feels this way.D. If you love yourself for who you are, other people will notice.E. You need to change your thought patterns.F. One of my favorite sayings is, “Dont believe a negative thought you think!”G. Most people are too worried about their own lack of perfection to judge you.【答案】36C37B38G39E40F考点：考查教育类阅读8.【江西师大附中、鹰潭一中2016届高三下学期第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。_36 When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. 37 .The first and most basic level