2019高考英语 重难增分篇 第四讲 定语从句课件 新人教版

第四讲定语从句第一课时知识过关课,李仕才,1在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom常可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等时，不能用that引导。3以下情况下一般用that：(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，theone时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、形容词最高级及theonly，thevery等修饰时。(3)先行词包括人和物时。,4当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用forwhich替代。注意当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。,5当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：,(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope等动词连用。(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事)；asweexpected(不出所料)；asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)；asisknowntoall(众所周知)；ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)；asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等等。,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线和黑体部分。思考：引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定。Itwasthesummerof2012,when1IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisawonderfulplace,where2Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Ourclassroom,theroofofwhich3lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.Themainreasonwhy4IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere,twoofwhom5aremybestfriends.Jack，who6comesfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool,isveryactive.Helikesvarious_sports，,amongwhich7helikesrunningverymuch.Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday，which8makeshimlookstrong.Nick，whose9fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool,studiesveryhard.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthat10weseeinourschool.Nickprefersthefoodthat11ismadeinourcanteen.Theteacherwhom12helikesisMr.Zhang,ourmathteacher,whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher,MissChen.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.,1先行词是thesummerof2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when(inwhich，duringwhich)引导定语从句。2先行词是awonderfulplace，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where(atwhich)引导定语从句。3先行词是Ourclassroom，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是物时，只能用which。theroofofwhich中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。4先行词是themainreason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。5先行词是myclassmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。twoofwhom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。,6先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。7先行词是varioussports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。8先行词是Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which引导。9先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nicks，用whose引导。10先行词是thepeopleandthethings，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。11先行词是thefood，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。12先行词是theteacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。,.单句填空(用适当的关系词填空)1Isthisthereason_heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?2Isthisthereason_hewassocarelessinhiswork?3Thereason_hedidntcomewas_hewasill.4Helivesinavillage_isnotfarfromthecity.5Helivesinthevillage_hewasborn.,that,why,why,that,which,where,6Acompany_profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.7Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces_wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.8Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.9Theplace_hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildrensPalace.10Illneverforgetthedays_westudiedtogether.,whose,where,which,where,when,.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1Therewasatimethathedidntgetalongwellwithhisclassmates._2Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestofthisyear._3TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing,thatismorethantwohundredkilometresaway._4Thisisthebestmethodwhichhasbeenusedagainstpollution._5Theschoolshop,whichcustomersaremainlystudents，isclosedfortheholidays._,thatwhen,whowhom,thatwhich,whichthat,whichwhose,6Whichisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress._7TheGreatWallwasbuiltinatimethatcountrieswereatwar._8Shetoldhermothershewouldnotmarryanyonethatshedidntlove._9TheschoolwhichIstudiedwas3kilometersawayfrommyhome._10Thereasonwhyhegavefornotcomingwasthathismotherdidntallowhimto._,WhichAs,thatwhen,thatwhom,whichwhere/在which前加上at,whywhich/that,.语篇填空(在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词，使结构完整，语意通顺。)Therewasatime1._IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthisisthereason2._myfatherforcedmetojoinina30daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3._Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide，4._teacherwasLiYang，communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5._Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesof,activities6._wedid.Myfatherandtheguide7._encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into8._Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Iwillrecallmypassages,through9._Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10._ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”,【语篇导读】本文讲述了作者参加的一次英语学习培训的经历以及这次经历带给他的对英语学习态度的转变。1when先行词是时间，并在从句中充当时间状语。2why先行词reason表示原因，并在从句中充当原因状语。3where引导地点定语从句，先行词club是一个地点。4whose引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中作定语，意思是“他的老师是李阳”。5whom根据句子结构和前面from可知填whom。,6that/which根据先行词activities表示事情且在从句中作宾语，可知填that/which。7who/that从先行词和句子结构可知，who/that作主语。8which根据前面的介词into以及先行词English可知，填which。9which根据前面的介词through可知填which，which在这里是指代前面整个句子。10As引导定语从句，意思是“正如”。,第二课时高考研究课,定语从句在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。还：根据先行词提示的意思，把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。(可以添词)替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。(时间状语用when，地点状语用where，原因状语用why。同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可),例如：Thisistheschool_Ioncestudied.Thisistheschool_isthemostfamousinthecity.Iamstudyingataschool_myfatherteachesEnglish.找：(略)还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.黑体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。,替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，和用where，本该用what，在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：where；that/which；where。,1Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，_isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017全国卷)2.ButSarah，_hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国卷),真题验证1,whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容。,who根据句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，在从句中作主语，故关系代词用who。,3Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，_itremaineduntilthecarrotsleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017浙江卷)4.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，_livedfromroughly551to479BC.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016全国卷),where根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为thegarden，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。,who句中先行词为thegreatChinesescholarConfucius，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。,5ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s，_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国卷)6IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015全国卷),when句中先行词为themid1980s，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。,that/which句中先行词为thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver，定语从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。,7Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(2015广东卷)8Manyyoungpeople,mostof_werewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016江苏卷改编)9Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_schooleducationdepends.(2015安徽卷改编),where句中先行词为themarket，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。,whom句中先行词为manyyoungpeople，定语从句中缺少主语，且所填关系词为介词of的宾语，故填whom。,which句中先行词为thefundamentalskill，定语从句中缺少宾语，且所填关系词为介词on的宾语，故填which。,第一步：判断是否为定语从句，what不引导定语从句是常考点；第二步：判断是何种定语从句，that不引导非限制性定语从句是常考点；第三步：分析关系词在定语从句中所作成分，关系词混用是常考点。,规律方法,定语从句在短文改错中的考查点,1Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017全国卷)_2ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMomsfavorite.(2016四川卷)_3Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(全国卷)_,真题验证2,thatwhich关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。,whatthat/which，或者去掉what首先判断dishes后面的从句为定语从句，what不引导定语从句；其次定语从句中缺少宾语。,thatwhich关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。,第三课时写作增分课,定语从句在写作中的增分点,一、用as作关系代词写句子1起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。(kindofodd,suchquestionsas)_2他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做的人。(suchaman,putoff.tilltomorrow)_,Atfirst,IthoughtMr.Liwaskindofodd,becausehewasalwaysaskingsuchquestionsasnoonecouldanswer.,Heisntsuchamanasputsoffwhathecandotodaytilltomorrow.,3我们应当读一些使我们明智的书。(suchbooksas,wiser)_4在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。(receiveasgoodagift)_,Weshouldreadsuchbooksasmakeuswiser.,Onmybirthday,Ireceivedasgoodagiftasmymotherhadpromised.,二、用as,which引导非限制性定语从句写句子1我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。(findsomebodydoing,take.to)_2正如一句谚语所说，“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。(saying,asoundbody,achieve)_,IfoundanoldmanlyingonthegroundandItookhimtohospitalinataxiimmediately,whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.,Asasayinggoes,“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Withoutasoundbody,onecannotachieveanything.,3正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。(asisshowninthechart,theairquality)_4在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。(winthefirstprize,Chinesespeechcompetition,beyondmywildestdreams)_,Asisshowninthechart,theairqualityofthecityhasbecomeworseandworseinthepasttwoyears.,IwonthefirstprizeintheChineseSpeechCompetition,whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.,三、使用非限制性定语从句写高级句子1我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。(belocatedin,haveahistoryof)_2我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。(inonesthirties,devoteoneselfto)_,Ourschool,whichislocatedinthenorthwestofNeixiang,hasahistoryofthirtyfouryears.,Theteachersofourschool,mostofwhomareintheirthirties,havedevotedthemselvestous.,3我们学校有四千多名学生，大多数都能用心学习。(themajorityof,putonesheartinto)_4我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里，如果我们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(beproudof,thereisagoodchancethat,beadmittedto)_,Therearemorethan4，000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudi