Lesson_8 The Merely Very Goodppt课件.ppt

TheMerelyVeryGood,1,StudentspresentationBackgroundinformationDetailedtextstudyWritingtechnique:buildingconnectionsstayedtheretill19661954publichearingandrevokingofhissecurityclearance,8,U.S.governmentresearchprojectthatproducedthefirstatomicbomb.In1939U.S.scientistsurgedPres.F.Roosevelttoestablishedaprogramtostudythepotentialmilitaryuseoffission裂变,and$6,000wasappropriated.By1942theprojectwascode-namedManhattan,afterthesiteofColumbiaUniv.,wheremuchoftheearlyresearchwasdone.ResearchwasalsocarriedoutattheUnivs.ofCaliforniaandChicago.In1943alaboratorytoconstructthebombwasestablishedatLosAlamos,N.M.,andstaffedbyscientistsheadedbyJ.R.Oppenheimer.ProductionwasalsocarriedoutatOakRidge,Tenn.,andHanford,Wash.ThefirstbombwasexplodedinafieldtestatAlamogordoairbaseinSNewMexico.Byitsendtheprojecthadcostsome$2billionandinvolved125,000people.,9,Sir.StephenHaroldSpender(1909-95),Englishpoet,literarycritic,andeditor.,10,Sir.StephenHaroldSpender(1909-95),atUniv.ofOxford,becameassociatedwithliteraryfiguressuchasW.H.Auden,ChristopherIsherwood,C.DayLewis,andLouisMacNeice.Spenderssexualitythesubjectofdebate.Hisseeminglychangingattitudeshavecausedhimtobelabeledbisexual,repressed,latentlyhomophobic,orsimplysomeonesocomplexastoresisteasylabeling,11,Structureanalysis,partIPara1-3reasonsfornotgoingtotheconferencepartIIPara4-9reasonsforgoingtotheconferencePartIIIPara10-16theconferencePartIVPara17-20recentthoughts令人反感的(+to)*Theideaofdoingthatisrepellenttohim.2.Insectrepellentisaproductcontainingchemicalsthatyousprayintotheairoronyourbodyinordertokeepinsectsaway.*amosquito-repellentspray-repellence.n.Cf:repulsive;repulsion,para1,17,repel.v.,1tosuccessfullyfightsbwhoisattackingyou,yourcountry,etc.anddrivethemaway:击退;驱除*torepelanattack/invasion/invader2todrive,pushorkeepsthaway:拒绝;排斥;抵制*acreamthatrepelsinsects3tomakesbfeelhorrorordisgust:使厌恶,使反感*Iwasrepelledbythesmell.4ifonethingrepelsanother,oriftwothingsrepeleachother,anelectricalorMAGNETICforcepushesthemapart:相互排斥;抵抗*Oppositepolesattract,likepolesrepel.,para1,18,honorariumnrrim,pl.honorariaorhonorariumsAnhonorariumisafeethatsomeonereceivesfordoingsomethingwhichisnotanormalpartoftheirjob,forexamplegivingatalk.,para1,19,obligated.a,Ifyoufeelobligatedtodosomething,youfeelthatitisyourdutytodoit.Ifyouareobligatedtosomeone,youfeelthatitisyourdutytolookafterthem.*Hefeltobligatedtohelp.obligate.v.obligation.n.,para1,20,oblige,1passivetoforcesbtodosth,bylaw,becauseitisaduty,etc:*Parentsareobligedbylawtosendtheirchildrentoschool.*Ifeltobligedtoaskthemtodinner.2sb(bydoingsth)|sb(withsth)tohelpsbbydoingwhattheyaskorwhatyouknowtheywant:*Callmeifyouneedanyhelp-Idbehappytooblige.*Wouldyouobligemewithsomeinformation?*Obligemebykeepingyoursuspicionstoyourself.obliged.a.,para1,21,elaborate.v.,1(on/upon)sthtoexplainordescribesthinamoredetailedway:*Hesaidhewasresigningbutdidnotelaborateonhisreasons.*Shewentontoelaborateherargument.2.todevelopaplan,anidea,etc.andmakeitcomplicatedordetailed:*Inhisplayshetakessimpletraditionaltalesandelaboratesthem.elaboration.n.theelaborationofanidea/atheory阐述,para2,22,elaborate.a,usuallybeforenounverycomplicatedanddetailed;carefullypreparedandorganized:*elaboratedesigns/decorations*Shehadpreparedaveryelaboratemeal.*anelaboratecomputersystemelaborately.ad*anelaboratelydecoratedroom,para2,23,Iwasconsciousofledtotrouble,way:themannerofdoingsthbeconsciousof:possessknowledgeabout;knowOppenheimermadehisgreatintelligentpowerknowntoMaxBorninamannerthatembarrassesothersandcausestroubleforhimselfIknewthatOppenheimerwasamanofgreattalentbuthiswayofshowinghistalentatmyseminarscauseduneasinessandresentmentamongpeople,especiallyamonghisfellowstudents.,para2,24,petition.n.v,1.adocumentsignedbyalotofpeoplewhichasksagovernmentorotherofficialgrouptodoaparticularthing.*Athousandpeoplesignedthepetition2.Apetitionisaformalrequestmadetoacourtoflawforsomelegalactiontobetaken.(LEGAL)*Hislawyersfiledapetitionforallchargestobedropped.3.Ifyoupetitionsomeoneinauthority,youmakeaformalrequesttothem.(FORMALorLEGAL)*TheypetitionedtheGovernmentforthereleaseofthepoliticalprisoners.*Shespetitioningtoregaincustodyofthechild.,para2,25,insofaraswithDirac.,TheirfriendshipwaslimitedtothekindoffriendshipthatispossibleforDirac,aneccentric古怪的人,self-centeredgenius,toestablishwithotherpeople,para3,26,Oppenheimervs.Dirac:similarityhowdifficultitistodosth:*Walkingfourmilesinanhourisprettygoodgoingforme.*Shehadherowncompanyby25-notbadgoing!*Itwashardgoinggettingupatfiveeverymorning.*Evenwitheveryoneworkingovertime,itsstillprettyslowgoing.,para4,30,tentative.a,1(ofanarrangement,agreement,etc.)notdefiniteorcertainbecauseyoumaywanttochangeitlater:试验性的;暂时性的*WemadeatentativearrangementtomeetagainnextFriday.*Hereachedsometentativeconclusionsaboutthepossiblecauseoftheaccident.2notbehavingordonewithconfidence;hesitant踌躇/犹豫的*atentativesmile/nod/greeting*Imtakingthefirsttentativestepstowardsfitness.tentatively.ad.tentativeness.n.,para4,31,Heis,thantheirwritingitself,Inmymind,Spenderbelongstothegroupofwriterswhosewritingsabouttheirlivesandexperiencesholdmoreinterestthantheirowncreativeworkswhich,inSpenderscase,refertohispoems,para4,32,AudensDiraclikeirresistible.,lucidity:clarity,simplicitysheer:completeandnotmixedwithanythingelse;pureirresistible:sostrongthatitcannotbestoppedorresistedLikeDirac,Audenwrotewithremarkableclarity权势集团InBritain,itreferstothecomplexconsistingofthechurch,theroyalfamilyandtheplutocracy(富豪):themedical/military/politicalestablishment,para4,34,insulate.v.,1sth(from/againststh)toprotectsthwithamaterialthatpreventsheat,sound,electricity,etc.frompassingthrough:*Theroomisinsulatedagainstnoise.2sb/sthfrom/againststh(written)toprotectsb/sthfromunpleasantexperiencesorinfluences*Childrenshouldbecarefullyinsulatedfromharmfulexperiences.SYN:shield,para4,35,Spendersjournalentrynotsay.,Spendersaccountofhisvisitisinterestingnotonlybecauseofthethingshementionsbutalsobecauseofthethingshedoesnotmention.,para5,36,ascetic.setik,a.usu.beforen.notallowingoneselfphysicalpleasures,especiallyforreligiousreasons;relatedtoasimpleandstrictwayofliving:禁欲主义的;苦行的*Themonkslivedaveryasceticlife.n.anasceticperson禁欲主义者;苦行者;苦修者asceticism.n.禁欲主义;苦行主义;苦行生活,para6,37,remark.v,1.(on/uponsth/sb)|(how.)tosayorwriteacommentaboutsth/sb:*Thejudgesremarkedonthehighstandardofentriesforthecompetition.*SheremarkedhowtiredIwaslooking.2.remark“”;remarkthat*Itsmuchcolderthanyesterday,heremarkedcasually.*Criticsremarkedthattheplaywasnotoriginal.*Thesimilaritiesbetweenthetwohaveoftenbeenremarkedon.,para6,38,remark.n,1Csomethingthatyousayorwritewhichexpressesanopinion,thought,etc.aboutsb/sthSYNCOMMENT:*acutting/pointed/racistremark*Hemadeanumberofruderemarksaboutthefood.2U(old-fashionedorformal)thequalityofbeingimportantorinterestingenoughtobenoticed:Theexhibitioncontainsnothingthatisworthyofremark.,para6,39,Siamesecat暹罗猫,para6,40,embody.v.,1toexpressorrepresentanideaoraquality;tobeaverygoodexampleofanideaorquality体现,使具体化*TheStatueofLibertyembodiesthespiritoffreedom.*theprinciplesembodiedintheDeclarationofHumanRights*SheembodieseverythingIadmireinawoman.2(formal)toincludeorcontainsth:*Thelatestmodelembodiesmanynewimprovements.embodiment.n.theembodimentofsth:someoneorsomethingthatrepresentsorisverytypicalofanideaorquality;epitome-Heistheembodimentofevil.,para6,41,disembody.v.,todivestofabody,ofcorporealexistence,orofreality肉体脱离;使脱离实体disembodied.a.无实质的;脱离现实的1existingwithoutabodyorseparatedfromabody:-disembodiedspirits/2adisembodiedsoundorvoicecomesfromsomeonewhocannotbeseen:disembodiment.n.,para6,42,context,1thesituation,events,orinformationthatarerelatedtosomethingandthathelpyoutounderstandit:political/social/historicaletccontext/place/put/seeetcsthincontext:*Toappreciatewhatthesechangeswillmean,itisnecessarytolookatthemincontext./inthecontextofsth:*Theseincidentsarebestunderstoodinthebroadercontextofdevelopmentsinruralsociety./,para6,43,2thewordsthatcomejustbeforeandafterawordorsentenceandthathelpyouunderstanditsmeaning:*Wecanoftentellthemeaningofawordfromitscontext.3take/quotesthoutofcontext:torepeatpartofwhatsomeonehassaidorwrittenwithoutdescribingthesituationinwhichitwassaid,sothatitmeanssomethingquitedifferent/-Hiscomments,takenoutofcontext,seemharsh./contextual.a.contextualize.v.,para6,44,Oppenheimerappears.ownlife,Inhisbook,Spenderfailstogiveaconnected,completepictureofOppenheimeranddoesnotmentionthatOppenheimersbackgroundandsituationhasquitealottodowithhimself,para6,45,rumor,n.talkoropinionwidelydisseminatedwithnodiscerniblesource;astatementorreportcurrentwithoutknownauthorityforitstruth谣传;传闻,(+of/about)+thatRumorhasitthatthedefenseministerwillsoonresign.v.totellorspreadbyrumorItisrumoredthatshehascommittedsuicide.rumored:ifsomethingisrumoredtobetrue,peoplearesayingsecretlyorunofficiallythatitmaybetrue,para8,46,Whenthiswaspresentit.,Whenpeopleraiseddoubtsabouthisteachingmethod,Diracexplainedthat,afterthoroughconsideration,hedecidedthiswasthebestwaytodescribethetheory.,para8,47,bluebell会开蓝色钟形花的草;风铃草,para11,48,avatar.n.,1apersonoranimalwhoisreallyagodinhumanoranimalform;theincarnationofadeity:下凡化作人形,降凡2apersonwhorepresentsanideaorquality;anembodiment:化身;具体化,体现,para12,49,Hehadoutlivedshadow.,Hehadlivedlongerthananyofhismorefamousfriendsbuttracesorinfluencesofthesefriends,esp.thoseofAuden,couldstillbefoundonhim.,para12,50,compulsive,1(ofbehaviour)thatisdifficulttostoporcontrol:compulsiveeating/spending/gambling2(ofpeople)notbeingabletocontroltheirbehaviour:acompulsivedrinker/gambler/liar3thatmakesyoupayattentiontoitbecauseitissointerestingandexciting:Theprogrammemadecompulsiveviewing.,para17,51,compulsory,thatmustbedonebecauseofalaworarule:*Itiscompulsoryforallmotorcycliststowearhelmets.*Englishisacompulsorysubjectatthislevel.*compulsoryeducation/schooling,para17,52,Iamamypast,Ialwayshaveanirresistible,evenirrationalimpulsetokeepallthepaperscontaininginformationofmypastactivities.,para17,53,relegate,1sb/sth(tosth)togivesbalowerorlessimportantposition,rank,etc.thanbefore:降级*Shewasthenrelegatedtotheroleofassistant.*Herelegatedtheincidenttothebackofhismind.2usuallypassive(especiallyBrE)tomoveasportsteam,especiallyafootballteam,toalowerpositionwithinanofficialLEAGUErelegation.n驱逐,降级*teamsthreatenedwithrelegation,para19,54,Issuestobediscussed,theconnectionsamong5peoplementionedweavinganecdoteintonarration(Montage)commentonBernsteinsstyle:languageandideathedifferencebetween“great”&“merelyverygood”howca