The Cold War Powerpoint.ppt

coldwar,1945-1991,tableofcontent,whatisit?yaltaandpotsdamfromalliestoenemiestheironcurtainnatotheriseof2superpowerstheatomicbombcapitalismandcommunismtheberlinwallthearmracecanadaandthecoldwar,thecoldwar1947-19891.whatisit?,constantglobalconfrontationbetweenthesovietunionandunitedstates.avoidanceofdirectarmedconflictbetweenthetwo“superpowers”.,fromwww.schoolhistory.co.uk,thecoldwarbegins1945-1948,keyissue:whydidthewartimealliancefallapart?whatwerethemajorpointsofdifference?theimportanceofyaltaandpotsdamconferencestherolesofstalinandtruman,2.yaltaandpotsdam,yalta(intheussr)date:feb1945present:churchill,rooseveltandstalin,wartimeallies-thebigthree,winstonchurchill,franklinroosevelt,josephstalin,potsdam(germany)date:july1945present:churchill,trumanandstalin,3.fromalliestoenemies,followingvictorythealliescouldnotagreeoverthespoilsofwar.theu.s.wantedtoestablishdemocracyinwartorneurope,whiletheu.s.s.r.hopedforcommunism.theyagreedtooccupygermanywiththealliedcontrolcouncil.thesovietshad2.5milliontroopsineasterneurope.,potsdamjuly1945,4.theironcurtain,winstonchurchillspeechatwestminstercollegeinfulton,missourionmarch5,1946.“anironcurtainhasdescendedacrossthecontinent.”describessovietsphereofinfluenceandcontrolineasterneurope.,anironcurtain,theironcurtainspeechdefinedpostwarrelationswiththesovietunionforcitizensofwesterndemocracies.althoughitinitiallyprovokedintensecontroversyintheunitedstatesandbritain,criticismsoongavewaytowidepublicagreementtoopposesovietimperialism.,winstonchurchill,5.natonorthatlantictreatyorganization,establishedin1949.militaryalliancebetweenu.s.,canada,andwesterneuropewithaformalcommandstructure.supremealliedcommander,europe(brussels,belgium)u.s.commanderinchief,europeancommandsupremealliedcommander,atlantic(norfolk,virginia)u.s.commanderinchief,atlanticcommandwarsawpactestablishedbythesovietuniontocounternatoin1955-includeseasterneuropeancommuniststates.,keepthisinmind,majorpoint:theussrlostaround20millionpeopleinww2stalinwasdeterminedtomaketheussrsecureinthefuturebycontrastgblostaround370,000andtheusalost297,000people.,5.theriseofthesuperpowers,beforeww2therewereanumberofcountrieswhichcouldhaveclaimedtobesuperpowersusa,ussr,gb,france,japan,germany.thedamagecausedbythewartothesecountriesleftonlytwocountrieswiththemilitarystrengthandresourcestobecalledsuperpowersusaandussr.,whattheybelieved,dontforgetusawascapitalistandussrwascommunisttheywerecompleteoppositestheyhadalliedagainstfascism.nowthecommonenemyhadbeendefeatedthereasonforco-operationwasgonedifferencessoonemerged,europeattheendofww2,afterthewar,whowouldleadthecountriesandformnewgovernments?theussrfavouredthecommunistgroups,theusafavouredthenon-communistsexampleswouldbegreeceandyugoslaviathiswasonecauseoftensionbetweenthesuperpowers,harrytrumangivesjapananultimatumtoendthepacifictheatreafterthefirstatomicbombexplodes.,6.theatomicbombhiroshimaaugust1945,theatomicbombdroppedbytheu.s.toendw.w.iiaugust1945,continuedexperimentation,thebikiniatoll-marshallislands.abombtest,july1946.theu.s.relocatedtheresidentspriortothistest,buttheindigenouspeopleofthisislandhavenotbeenabletoreturnsince.,experimentationinthesovietunion,august29,1949thesovietscalledtheirfirstatomictest“firstlightning.“theweaponslaboratoryinrussiaisinkazakhstan.,nov.1,1952,thefirsth-bombmiketested,mushroomcloudwas8milesacrossand27mileshigh;thecanopywas100mileswide,80milliontonsofearthwasvaporized.h-bombexplodedmar.1,1954atbikiniatollyielded15megatonsandhadafireball4milesindiameter.ussrh-bombyields100megatons.,h-bomb,7.capitalism&communisminotherwords,unitednationsestablished.securitycouncil-vetopowerforpermanentmembers.generalassembly.macarthurcommandsu.s.armyofoccupationinjapan.u.s.,greatbritain,franceandthesovietuniondividegermanyintozonesofoccupation.federalrepublicof(west)germany-1949.u.s.initiallyenjoysatomicbombmonopoly.neglectofconventionalmilitaryforcesbegins.communistcontrolofeasterneurope.“puppet”statesdominatedbythesovietunion.,8.theberlinwall1961-1989,dividedberlin,9.thearmrace,missileproduction1945-1997,theu2crisisandthespacerace,u2,in1960,u2wasaspyplaneabletofly6000kmathighaltitudescouldtakephotosofsovietbomberbasesandmissilesites,spaceracearmsrace!,resultsoftherace,450icbms250mediumrangemissiles2,260bombers16,000tanks32nuclearsubmarines260conventionalsubmarines76battleshipsandcarriers,76ibms700mediumrangebombers1,600bombers38,000tanks12nuclearsubmarines495conventionalsubmarines0battleshipsandcruisers,earlydatesofthenucleararmsrace,1945usatestsanddropsthefirstatomic(a)bombs1949ussrtestsabomb1952usatestsitsfirsthydrogen(h)bomb1953ussrtestsitsfirsthbomb1957ussr1.testsicbmcapableofcarryinganhbombfromussrtousa2.putsthespacesatellitesputnikintoorbit.,thefailureofdisarmament,bothsideshopedforarmsreductionstocutdefencespendingafterstalinsdeatheast-westrelationshadimprovedussrproposed:reductionofarmedforceseventualabolitionofatomicweaponsinternationalinspectionstosupervisethis,glossary,icbmsintercontinentalballisticmissilesirbmsintermediaterangeballisticmissilesmadmutualassureddestruction,11.canadaandthecoldwar,theigorgouzenkoaffairseptember1945ourpolitical,economicandmilitaryalliancewithotherwesternnationsthroughnato(northatlantictreatyorganization)1949thecoordinatedairprotectionofnorthamericawiththeunitedstates.thiswascallednorad(northamericanairdefence),canadaandthecoldwarcanadianstrackedsovietsubmarinesinthenorthatlanticfrommilitaryfacilitiesinhalifax.beaconswereplacedontheoceanfloor.thesearenowusedtotrackthemigrationofwhales.canadaalsohadthedistantearlywarningline(dew)andmidcanadaline(radarandtrackingstationslocatedacrossthenorthandmiddleofthecountry).uraniumcity,saskatchewanminedweaponsgradeuraniumforuseinnuclearweapons.thissiteisstillextremelyradioactive.nuclearweaponswereplacedhereforapprox