dickens狄更斯简介ppt.ppt

CharlesDickens(18121870),Utilitarianismistheideathatthemoralworthofanactionisdeterminedsolelybyitsutilityinprovidinghappinessorpleasureassummedamongallsentientbeings.Itisthusaformofconsequentialism(效果论),meaningthatthemoralworthofanactionisdeterminedbyitsoutcome.ThemostinfluentialcontributorstothisideologywereJeremyBenthamandJohnStuartMill.,Hisworkhasbeenpraisedforitsmasteryofproseanduniquepersonalities,thoughthesamecharacteristicspromptedotherstocriticizehimforsentimentalityandimplausibility.,(18121870),Portsmouth,Hampshire,FatherJohnDickens,Spenttoomuchmoneyentertainingandretaininghissocialposition,MarshalseaDebtorsPrison,WarrensblackingfactoryAt12,Idyllictime,HisLife,Feb.7th,1812,SoapyinTheCopAndTheAnthem?,childlabor,HisLife,restartedschoolingat13,alawyersoffice,15,shorthand,parliamentaryreporter,writingcareerin1833,MetMariaBeadnellin1830,DorainDavidCopperfield,HisLife,in1836,SketchesbyBoz特写集,marriedCatherineHogarth,firstnovel,becamefamous,withoutrest,DiedofapoplexyonJune9th,1870,PoetsCorneratWestminsterAbbey,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClubPickwickPapers匹克威克外传,OliverTwist,PoetsCorneratWestminsterAbbey,Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEnglandsgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.,MarriedLifeandFamily,In1836,HemarriedCatherineHogarthat24,10children,In1837,Catherines17yearoldsisterMarymovedinwiththem,passedawayinDickensarmsonMay7th,thespiritualessenceLittleNellinTheOldCuriosityShopRoseinOliverTwistKateinNicholasNicklebyAgnesinDavidCopperfield,In1842,aged15,GeorginaHogarthjoinedtheDickensfamilyhousehold,In1858HeseparatedfromCatherine,In1855,HewenttomeethisfirstloveMariaBeadnell,FlorainLittleDorrit,By1857,theDickensmarriagewasallegedlyalovelessonewhenhemettheblondeandattractive18-year-oldShakespeareanactress,EllenTernan.Hewas45.,Hispublicimagewouldhavebeenruinedifanyreportsofhisextra-maritalaffairwerepublished.Afterall,hewasaliteraryherowhosenovelsdepictfamilylifeasamoralideal.,TheaffaironlyendedatDickensdeathofaheartattackat58in1870.,anothermodelforhisyoungwomen,particularlyforLucieManetteinATaleofTwoCitiesandforEstellaHavishaminGreatExpectations,SketchesbyBoz1836博兹特写集PickwickPapers1836匹克威克外传NickolasNickleby1839尼古拉斯尼克贝OliverTwist1839雾都孤儿TheOldCuriosityShop1841老古玩店AmericanNotes1842美国纪行BarnabyRudge1841巴纳比拉奇AChristmasCarol1843圣诞颂歌MartinChuzzlewitt1843马丁翟述伟,DickensMajorWorks,TheChimes1844教堂钟声TheCricketontheHearth1845灶上蟋蟀DombeyandSon1849董贝父子DavidCopperfield1850大卫科波菲尔BleakHouse1853荒凉山庄HardTimes1854艰难时世LittleDorritt1857小杜丽ATaleofTwoCities1859双城记GreatExpectations1861远大前程OurMutualFriend1865我们共同的朋友TheMysteryofEdwinDrood1870艾德温德鲁德之谜,MajorThemesinDickensfiction,LonelinessofchildhoodOppressionofpovertyUncertaintyofloveandmarriageIndifferenceofsocialinstitutionsSustainingjoyoffamilylifePerseveranceandsacrificeinfaceofuntoldhardshipsandinjusticeManyautobiographicallinksbetweenlifeandwritingsofDickens,Themes,DocksAristocracy-wealth,rich,landandpowerChildlabor-OliverTwistFamilylifeLostloveandunattainablewomenDickensmaincharactersgreatlyresemblehimselfandhislife,Dickensartistictechnique:,1.Dickenshasatendencytodepictthegrostequecharactersorevents.,2.Dickenslovestoinstalllifeintoinanimate(nonliving)thingsandtocompareanimate(linving)beingstoinanimatethings.,3.Dickensisnotedforhisdescriptionofpatheticscenesthataimtoarousepeoplessympathy.,4.Dickensisoftendescribedasusingidealisedcharactersandhighlysentimentalscenestocontrastwithhiscaricatures(讽刺画)andtheuglysocialtruthshereveals.,5.Dickensbelievethatgoodwinsoutintheendandofteninunexpectedways.,best-knownworks,GreatExpectationsDavidCopperfieldOliverTwistNicholasNicklebyAChristmascoral,hismostautobiographicwork,1833-1841,Thefirstperiod,youthfuloptimism1836SketchesbyBoz1836-37ThePickwickPapers1837-38OliverTwist1838-39NicholasNickleby1840-41TheOldCuriosityShop1841BarnabyRudge,theriseandclimaxoftheChartistmovement,1842-1850,Thesecondperiodexcitementandirritation,1842AmericanNotes1843-45MartinChuzzlewit1843AChristmasCarol1844TheChimes1845TheCricketontheHearth1846-48DombeyandSon1849-50DavidCopperfield,temporaryrevivalofChartismandthetempestuousyearsof1848-49.endswiththetriumphofEuropeanreaction,in1850.,BleakHouse18532)HardTimes18543)LittleDorrit18574)ATaleofTwoCities18595)GreatExpectations18616)OurMutualFriend18657)EdwinDrood(unfinished)1870,1851-1870,thethirdperiodsteadilyintensifyingpessimism,DickensnovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyofhisage.Whilecriticizingtherich,Dickenspresentedapictureofthepeoplessufferingundercapitalism.ThedecayingpettybourgeoisieandtherisingworkingclassweredepictedbyDickensasvictimsofcapitalistgreedandexploitation.Dickensworksareareflectionoftheprotestofthepeopleagainstcapitalistexploitation.Hesawthecontradictionsofcapitalistsociety.YetDickenswashimselfapetty-bourgeoiswhocouldnotoverstepthelimitsofhisclass.Hispetty-bourgeoislimitationfoundexpressioninadefinitetendencyforareconciliationofclasscontradictions,andinthehappyendingsofmanyofhisnovels.,socialsignificance,2,ATaleofTwoCities,Ataleoftwocities,twopeoplesandtwoworlds,Itportraysabrutal,bloodyandrevengefulsocietyaswellasloveandfriendship.,Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.,这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；这是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；这是信任的年代，也是怀疑的年代；这是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春天，也是失望的冬天；我们的前途无量，同时又感到希望渺茫；我们一齐奔向天堂，我们全都走向另一个方向,Totheworldyoumaybeoneperson,buttoonepersonyoumaybetheworld.对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。,Theworstwaytomisssomeoneistobesittingrightbesidethemknowingyoucanthavethem.失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边。,Donttrysohard,thebestthingscomewhenyouleastexpectthemto.不要着急，最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。,Iloveyounotbecauseofwhoyouare,butbecauseofwhoIamwhenIamwithyou.我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。,Dontcrybecauseitisover,smilebecauseithappened.不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有。,Ifyoulovesomeone，letitbeandsethimherfree，ifheshecomesbacktoyou，itsmeanttobe.如果你爱一个人，随遇而安，让他她自由的飞，如果最后他她还是回到你身边，那就是命中注定的.,Itisafar,farbetterthingthatIdo,thanIhaveeverdone;itisafar,farbetterrestthatIgotothanIhaveeverknown.我现在已做的远比我所做过的一切都要美好；我将获得的休息远比我所知道的一切都要甜蜜.,Publishedinserialformin1847-1848,OneoftherepresentativeworksofDickensmatureperiod,ThebackgroundinwhichDickenswroteDombeyandSonwasanexcitingone:theeffectsofthe1832ReformAct(改革法案)werestillintheprocessofmakingthemselvesclearandChartism(宪章运动)wasonthedecline.TheindustryandcommercewasinrapidprogressinBritaininthe1840s.Itwasatimeoftraininsteadofcarriage.,IttellsthestoryofDombey,arichownerofashippingcompanyinLondon.Hesmaindreamistohaveasonwhocancontinuehistrade.Healreadyhasadaughter,butwhenhissonPaulisborn,Florenceisevenmoreneglectedthanshewasbefore.MrsDombeydiesafterthebirthofPaul,andDombeyleftPaultothecareofawetnurseandthensenthimtoaquitehorribleschool.Beingasicklychild,hedies.AfterawhileDombeyremarries,buthisnewwiferunsawaywithamanagerinhiscompany,causingascandalwhichheblamesFlorencefor.Sheleaveshimtoo,andbecomesreunitedwithherchildhoodsweetheart.Dombeywasisolatedhopelessly.Aftervariousothercomingsandgoings,FlorenceforgivesDombeyandtakescareofhimandsomeofthecharacterslivehappilyeverafter.,ThestorylargelyconcernsMr.DombeyandhisrelationshipwithhisneglecteddaughterFlorence.Theseareactuallytwodifficultcharacterstofollow,asDombeyissocold，proudandheartlessthatitsverydifficulttocareabouthisultimateredemption,whileFlorenceissoridiculouslygoodandkindthatitsimpossibletoseeherasanythingotherthanaliteraryconceit.,Themes:,arrangedmarriagesforfinancialgain,childcruelty,familialrelationships,betrayalanddeceitandtheconsequences,prideandarrogance,thedestructionanddegradationcausedbyindustrialization,male-femaleconflict,BleakHouseistheninthnovelbyCharlesDickens,publishedintwentymonthlyinstallmentsbetweenMarch1852andSeptember1853.ItisheldtobeoneofDi