草果脂质的研究PPT课件.ppt

草果脂质的研究,草果(Amomumtsao-ko)又名草果子(小儿卫生总微论方)、草果仁(传信适用方),为药食同源植物。中国药典1995年版收载为姜科豆蔻属(AmomumRoxb)植物草果(Amo-mumtsao-koCrevostetLemarie)。广泛生长于云南、广西、贵州等地。草果在我国是常用的香辛料之一，又是一种传统的中药材，应用已有千年历史。具有燥湿健脾、温胃止痛、止呕截疟的功能，用于寒湿内阻、脘腹胀满、冷痛嗳气、呕逆、不思饮食等症。,食品,营养功能：蛋白质，脂肪，碳水化合物，矿物质，维生素。作为维持生命的能量和营养的供给源。,感官功能：色，香，味。通过刺激神经和增加食欲给我们满足感。,防病功能：调节免疫，分泌，神经，循环及消化系统等等。,生活方式病（lifestylerelateddiseases）：恶性肿瘤，脑血管障碍，心脏病，高血压，感染症，糖尿病，肥胖症等疾病，它和衣，食，住及环境有直接的关系。例如，饮食习惯的改变将会增加肥胖，糖尿病及高血压等疾病，生活压力，运动不足，环境污染等因素将会增加癌症，脑梗塞，心脏病的死亡率。,香辛料的性质和功能：具有刺激食欲、防腐、药物作用。,生活方式病（代谢异常综合症）糖尿病肥胖症高血脂症等等,饮食习惯偏食及过剩的脂肪摄取，生活西方化等等,目的为了寻找能预防生活方式病食品素材，对中国产香辛料进行广泛的研究。,中国产香辛料,对于多数中餐中使用的香辛料来说其生理机能还处于未解明状态,姜黄；大蒜；元葱；生姜；大葱等等以外香辛料如：大料；小茴香；砂仁；草果等等。,香味,辣味,颜色,防止食物氧化,狩猎时代,增进食欲恢复健康,防止生活方式病发生,目前，世界各国广泛使用添加抗氧化剂的方法来控制油脂和富油食品的氧化酸败。传统的抗氧化剂是以丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)及特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)等为主的合成抗氧化剂。但自20世纪70年代以来，人们对一些合成抗氧化剂的安全性提出了质疑，于是越来越多的食品工作者把目光转移到安全性更高的天然抗氧化剂的研究、开发和利用上来。香辛料和中草药主要作为油脂和富油食品的添加剂，以延长食品的保质期，它们是两类极其重要的天然抗氧化剂。近年来的研究表明很多香辛料的抗氧化能力优于BHA、BHT、VE等。,大料,小茴香,桂皮,丁香,白胡椒,香菜子,龙眼,陈皮,香叶,花椒,草果,大蒜,姜黄,生姜,元葱,砂仁,对12种中国产香辛料进行生理调节机能普查,低浓度下（0.5和0.1）4种有作用的香辛料生理调节功能的比较,草果生理调节功能的活性比较（与大蒜和姜黄比较）,发现了草果等香辛料的新功能,确定了草果应用价值,用分离柱分离草果脂酯各组份的生理机能评价,草果的乙醇萃取及其分离物生理功能的评价,草果甲醇萃取物的分离及其生理功能的评价,草果成分的确定及其主要成分生理调解机能的评价,草果及其成分的降血脂和降低体重增长作用机理的解明,草果及其成分的抗氧化机理的解明,草果及其成分的降血糖作用机理的解明,研究计划,动物的饲养及实验方法,饲养周期：90日,24、65湿度香辛料的影响对照饲料(没有添加香辛料)实验饲料(添加1%的香辛料),Crlj;CD1(ICR)12周龄雄性小白鼠,解剖,肝脏摘取均质,血浆分离,体脂肪含量及体内照片,小白鼠尸体,液态氮气下冷冻,肝脏脂质浓度,血浆脂质，血糖及过氧化脂质的浓度,20小时绝食,体重,饲料消耗,-10,0,5,10,15,20,25,0.1%Tsao-ko,0.1%Turmeric,0.1Garlic,(C),Bodylipid(%),a,a,a,-5,0,5,10,Tsao-ko,Turmeric,Garlic,-10,-5,0,5,10,0,30,60,90,120,Tsao-ko,Turmeric,Garlic,1%diets,0.1%diets,(A),(B),Bodyweightgainrate(%),Bodyweightgainrate(%),a,ab,b,a,a,b,(Days),Bodyweightgainrateandbodylipidcontentinmicefeddietssupplementedwithspice(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ThestatisticalsignificanceofdifferencesbetweeneachdietarygroupsweredeterminedatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,草果与大蒜和姜黄的生理调节效果比较,0,0.4,0.8,1.2,0,100,200,300,400,0,10,20,30,NEFA(umeg/ml),TBARS(nmol/ml),Glucose(mg/dl),1%Diets,0.1%Diets,0,60,120,180,0,50,100,150,0,100,200,300,otalcholesterol(mg/dl),Phospholipid(mg/dl),riacylglycerol(mg/dl),1%Diets,0.1%Diets,Tsao-ko,Garlic,Turmeric,(A),(B),(C),(D),(E),(F),a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,ab,a,b,a,a,a,a,ab,b,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,b,a,a,a,a,a,b,a,a,a,a,Plasmatotalcholesterol,triacylglycerol,phospholipids,NEFA,glucoseandTBARSconcentrationsofmicefedexperimentaldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,0,2,4,6,0,20,40,60,0,10,20,30,Totalcholesterol(mg/g),Triacylglycerol(mg/g),Phospholipid(mg/g),1%Diets,0.1%Diets,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,ab,b,a,b,b,a,a,a,(A),(B),(C),Tsao-ko,Garlic,Turmeric,Totalcholesterol,triacylglycerolandphospholipidconcentrationsofliverinmicefedexperimentaldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,降低甘油酯的作用：草果大蒜在低浓度下，草果可能具有比大蒜更强的促进脂质代谢作用。抑制体重，降血糖及抗氧化作用：草果姜黄草果可能具有改善脂质代谢及糖代谢功能，其降血糖和抗氧化能力可能优于公认的姜黄。,结论：作为功能性保健食品，草果具有比大蒜和姜黄更好的综合改善脂质代谢，糖代谢及消除自由基功能。,考察,均化器氯仿:甲醇=1:2,草果粉末,分离方法,分离,浓缩干燥,3次以上,残渣95%,滤液,草果脂酯5%,饲料中各种香辛料含量：残渣（0.95）、草果脂酯（0.05）、氯仿溶出物（0.011）、丙酮溶出物（0.025）、甲醇溶出物（0.0037)动物：12周龄的小白鼠饲养时间：90日,测试项目：体重，饲料消费量，粪重及粪的脂酯含量，内脏照片，体脂肪，血浆及肝脏脂质（20小时绝食后），血糖值及血浆TBARS浓度（20小时绝食后）。,SilicagelColumnChromatography(55215）,Chloroformfraction,Acetonefraction,Methanolfraction,Chloroform600ml,Acetone600ml,Methanol600ml,20g,关于草果的生物活性物质的探讨,ab,b,ab,a,ab,ab,90,ac,b,ab,a,ab,bc,60,MeF,AF,CF,TL,R,C,日,0,30,60,90,120,甲醇溶出物(MeF),草果脂质(TL),对照组(C),氯仿溶出物（CF),丙酮溶出物(AF),残渣(R),(日),42,44,46,48,50,体重(g),Bodyweightinmicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentlittlelettersinthesamefractionaresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,0,1,2,3,4,0,50,100,150,200,粪重(g),粪脂肪(%),体脂肪(),0,5,10,15,20,ab,ab,b,ab,a,b,174.7,178.9,183.3,145.6,140.2,181.5,对照组,残渣,草果脂质,氯仿溶出物,甲醇溶出物,100%,100%,103%,81%,78%,102%,112%,120%,粪的收集是对饲养期间最后30日进行收集,丙酮溶出物,Bodylipid,fecesweightandfeceslipidcontentofmicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentlittlelettersinthesamefractionaresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,Plasmatotalcholesterol,triacylglycerol,phospholipidandNEFAconcentrationsinmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,PlasmaglucoseandTBARSconcentrationsofmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,0,2,4,6,8,0,20,40,60,80,0,8,16,24,bc,ac,c,c,a,ab,b,b,b,b,a,b,cd,c,bde,a,ce,ab,对照组,残渣,草果脂质,氯仿溶出物,丙酮溶出物,甲醇溶出物,总胆固醇（/）,甘油酯(/）,磷脂(/),Totalcholesterol,triacylglycerolandphospholipidconcentrationsofliverinmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,总结,1.草果含有多种生理活性成分，草果的减肥作用，降血脂作用，降血糖作用及抗氧化作用是由不同的成分决定的，有些成分可能兼有多种生理作用。2.草果减肥作用，降血脂作用，降血糖作用及抗氧化作用的活性成分主要包含于甲醇溶出物当中。,BUV-,AUV+,42,46,50,54,0,30,60,90,120,Control(C),UV+Fraction(UV+),UV-Fraction(UV-),Methanolextract(MeE),(Days),Fattissueweigh（）,0,1,2,3,4,C,UV+,UV-,MeE,Bodylipid（%）,10,20,30,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,Bodyweight(g),Bodyweight,FattissueweightandBodylipidinmicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentlittlelettersinthesamefractionaresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,Tebel.Fecesweightandlipidcontentoffecesfrommicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldiets.,Excrementfecesweightandfeceslipidcontentofmicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldietsinthelast30days.C,control;UV+,UV+fraction;UV-,UV-fraction;MeE,methanolextract.,Plasmatotalcholesterol,triacylglycerolandphospholipidconcentrationsofplasmainmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,Glucose(mg/dl),0,100,200,300,0,5,10,15,20,TBARS(mg/dl),Control,UV+,UV-,MeE,a,b,a,ab,c,ab,bc,a,PlasmaglucoseandTBARSconcentrationsofmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,Totalcholesterol,triacylglycerolandphospholipidconcentrationsofliverinmicefedexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10/group).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentsuperscriptlettersinthesamelipidclassandglucoseweresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,Bodyweightinmicefedtheexperimentalandcontroldietsfor90days(n=10).ValuesaremeansSE.ValuesforeachsamplewithdifferentlittlelettersinthesamefractionaresignificantlydifferentatP0.05bytheSpjotvoll/Stolinetest.,关于草果乙醇萃取物生理机能性的研究,0,40,80,120,160,0,40,80,120,a,a,a,a,a,bc,ab,c,0,0.3,0.6,0.9,0,100,200,300,ab,b,a,ab,a,a,a,a,血糖(mg/dl),过氧化脂酯(nmol/ml),0,100,200,300,a,a,a,a,0,5,10,15,20,a,a,a,a,对照组(C),乙醇萃取物（室温）(EE）,乙醇萃取物（加热回流）(HEE),50乙醇水溶液萃取物（加热回流）(EQE),总胆固醇(mg/dl),甘油酯(mg/dl),磷脂(mg/dl),游离脂肪窜(mEq/l),Plasmatotalcholesterol,triacylglycerol,phospholipids,NEFA,glucoseandTBARSconcentrationsofmicefedexperimental