分词做状语和独立主格结构.ppt

GrammarRevision,分词做状语和独立主格结构,分词做状语,V-ing作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,1._（walk）inthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.When.2._(be)ill,hedidntgotoschool.Because3._(use)yourhead,youwillfindaway.If,Weweresittingbythewindow,_(talk)aboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）Hisparentsdied,_(leave)himanorphan.,Havingmethimformanytimes,shedecidedtohelphimout.Aftershehadmethimformanytimes,1.v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,被动形式havingbeendone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致；3.否定式直接在分词前加not,Notknowingheraddress,wehadtogetintouchwithher._(finish)theclass,shewenthome._(catch)onthespot,thethiefhadtoadmithiscrime.,Ved作状语,1.过去分词作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。过去分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语,_(see)fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitis_(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.IftheyareDeeply_(move)bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.,过去完成时,1.定义：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。2.结构：haddone被动：hadbeendoneIhadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight。IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore.,与分词作状语交叉,Aftershehadfinishedtheofficework,shecametothesittingroomandrelaxed.Havingfinishedtheofficework,she,Practice,1._fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered,2.Hesentmeane-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,3.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake,4.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing,5._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited,6.If_thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven,7.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited,7._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding,独立主格结构,1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。,2.特点1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。,3.结构名词/主格代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语Therebeing+名词/代词Itbeing+名词/代词,Thegirl_(stare)athim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidntknowwhattosay.Time_(permit)(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.Theproblems_(solve)(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.,独立主格与状语从句的转换,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不同时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。Afterclasswasover，thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.Classbeingover/Classover,Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Hismother（being）ill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.,being（或havingbeen）不能省略的情形,(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.(2)在Therebeing名词/代词的结构中。Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.,OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.n/pron+介词短语结构中，n/pron前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词（his，her，our）,Practice,1.Thecave_verydark,helitsomecandles_light.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive,2.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand_agunandhisface_withsweat.Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;covering3.Thegirlinthesnapshot（快照）wassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze,4.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished,5._,wewenthome.A.OurhomeworkhadbeenfinishedB.OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC.OurhomeworkfinishingD.Ourhomeworkbeenfinished6.Themeeting_,hewentbacktohiscompany.A.OverB.hadoverC.wasoverD.havebeenover,7._,heputonhiscoat.A.ItbeingcoldB.ItcoldC.BeingcoldD.Ithavingbeencold8.Time_,weshallvisitthezoo.A.beenpermittingB.permittingC.permittedD.havingbeenpermitted,9._,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightawayA.TherewasnotimeleftB.ThereisnotimeleftC.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft,10.Shestoodthere,_fromhercheeks.tearsrollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown,11.Theboystoodbeforetheroastedduck,hiseyes_onitandhismouth_.A.werefixed,waswateredB.fix