新目标人教七级下册各单元知识点解析(页).doc

新目标人教版七年级下册各单元知识点解析Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?一短语1be from = come from 来自于-（她来至美国）2live in 居住在- （他们住在北京）3on weekends 在周末 （小明和他的同学周末要去购物）4write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人（露西写了一封信给Jim）5in the world 在世界上6in China 在中国7pen pal 笔友 （我有一个美国笔友）814 years old 14岁（一个男孩子14岁了）9favorite subject 最喜欢的科目（英语是我最喜欢的科目）10the United States 美国11the United Kingdom 英国12New York 纽约13speak English 讲英语 （会讲英语很有用）14like and dislike 爱憎15go to the movies 去看电影（下周星期天我们班要去看电影）16play sports 做运动 （做运动对身体有好处）二重点句式1 Wheres your pen pal from? 你的笔友来自哪里？2 Where does he live? 他居住在哪里？3 What language(s) does he speak? 他讲什么语言？4 I want a pen pal in China.我要一个中国的笔友。5 I can speak English and a little French. 我会讲英语和一点法语。6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 请写信告诉我有关你自己的情况。7 Can you write to me soon? 你能尽快写信给我吗？8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playingsports.我喜欢和我的朋友去看电影、做运动。三. 重点难点释义1.be from 来自1) Be from = come from 来自She is from France. 她来自法国。=She comes from France.2) be from 的主语如果是物，可指“此物产于何地”。如：-Where is your computer from? -Its from Beijing.2. pen pal 笔友= pen friendI have two pen pals. 我有两位笔友。3.country 国家。two countries两个国家4.city 城市 Hes from a big city.他来自一个大城市three cities 三个城市5.Sydney 悉尼（澳大利亚港口城市）注意澳大利亚首都是堪培拉(Canberra)6.New York 纽约（美国著名城市）注意美国首都是华盛顿(Washington)7.Paris 巴黎。法国首都。8.Toronto 多伦多（加拿大著名城市）注意加拿大首都是渥太华(Ottawa)9.Tokyo 东京。日本首都。10.live 居住。实义动词。居住在某地常用“live in + 地点(国家/城市)”。如: I live in Toronto, Canada. 我住在加拿大的多伦多。英语中小单位在前，大单位在后。如：I live in Quxian, Sichuan. 我住在四川省渠县。I am in Class 1, Grade 1. 我在一年级一班。11. 1) language 语言。可数名词。如：He is young, but he can speak seven languages.他很小，但他会说七门语言。2) what language 什么语言。特殊疑问词，用来对语言提问。如：I speak English.What language do you speak?12. speak English. 说英语。“Speak + 某语言”意为“讲语”。如：Can you speak Chinese? 你会讲汉语吗？Tom can_Japanese. BA. speaks B. speak C. says D. tell13. world 世界 in the world 在世界上There are many countries in the world.世界上有许多国家。14. some / any some一些。常用于肯定句。在表请求、建议等语气时可用于疑问句。any一些；任何一个。常用于疑问句和否定句。如：He has some brothers. 他有一些兄弟。Does he have any brothers? 他有一些兄弟吗？He doesnt have any brothers. 他没有任何兄弟。15. a little 一点。可修饰语言。如： He can speak a little Japanese. 他会说点日语。16. I like going to the movies. 我喜欢去看电影。 Like doing sth 喜欢干某事。如： He likes listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐。17. and 连接两个对等的并列成份。如： He likes running and playing basketball.18. Its too difficult. 那太难了。 too “太”。暗含过分的意思。后接形容词或副词。如:The table is too big. 这桌子太大了。19. Can you write to me soon? 你能很快给我回信吗 write to sb = write a letter to sb 写信给某人。20. Please write and tell me about yourself. 请写信告诉我有关你自己的情况。 Tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关的情况。如： Please tell me about your family. 请告诉我有关你家里的情况。21. dislike 厌恶；不喜欢。反义词是like 。 like and dislike 好恶；爱憎。四.语法知识掌握英语中的国家、语言、人民这些单词的拼写和用法是很重要的。Canada 加拿大。国家是专有名词，第一个字母大写，前不加定冠词。加拿大人是Canadian。如：Lucy is from Canada. (不说：the Canada)We are from China. We are Chinese. We speak Chinese.我们来自于中国。我们是中国人。我们讲中文。He is from Canada. He is Canadian. He speaks English. 他来自于加拿大。他是加拿大人。他讲英语。1. CanadaCanadianEnglish / French2. FranceFrenchFrench3. JapanJapaneseJapanese4. AustraliaAustralianEnglish5. the United StatesAmericanEnglish6. the United KingdomBritishEnghish中日不变，英法变，其余后面贴S五、重点句型解释（1）、Where+be+主语from? （询问”某人来自哪里”或”某人是哪里的人”，当主语是物品时，则表示“此物产于何地”）回答句型：主语be+from+地点。 from后常跟表示”国家”或”城市”的名词.（2）、Where +do/does+主语live? （询问“某人住在哪里”？）回答句型：主语live/lives in+地点。（可以用“完整的句子”，也可以用“介词+地名”，还可以直接回答地名） which city +do/does +主语+live in?(询问某人住在哪个城市)注意:where与which city的区别.（3）、What language +do/does +主语+speak? （询问“某人讲什么语言”？）回答句型：主语speak/speaks.+语言。（4）主语like/likes+doing （表示“某人喜欢做某事”）Unit 2 Wheres the post office?一. 词组1. across from 在的对面across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. betweenand在和之间 between the park and the zoo在公园和动物园之间 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of在前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.课室前面有棵树。 in the front of 在（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind在后面 behind my house在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐 on the left/right of在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边 on ones left/right在某人的左/右边on my left在我左边7. go straight一直走8. down /along沿着（街道）down/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10. welcome to欢迎来到11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of的开始,前端 at the beginning of在的开始,前端 in the beginning起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快 我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday.14. have a good trip旅途愉快15. take a taxi坐出租车16. 到达：get to +地方get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方17go across从物体表面横过 go across the street横过马路 go through从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林18on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street二句型1）Asking ways: (问路)1.Where is (the nearest) ？（最近的）在哪里？2.Can you tell me the way to ？你能告诉我去的路吗？3.How can I get to ？我怎样到达呢？4.Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有吗？5.Which is the way to ？哪条是去的路？2）Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street.沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning.在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right.你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here.离这里大约一百米远。5. Youd better take a bus.你最好坐公交车去。（Youd better+动词原形）三重难点解析1enjoy doing sth享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading.我喜爱读书。 到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room.我扫完了这间屋子。2hope to do sth 希望做某事I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。hope +从句I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。 If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四本单元的反义词、近义词配对1 newold 2 quiet- noisy 3 dirty- clean 4 big- smallUnit 3 Why do you like koalas?一、词组1.want to do sth .想要做某事2.want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事3.want sth 想要某物4.Let sb do sth 让某人做某事5.kind of 稍微，有一点6.a kind of 一种7.years old 年龄如：ten years old 十岁8.like to do sth / like doing sth喜欢做某事9.play with 与.一起玩10.be quiet 安静11.during the day 在白天12.at night 在夜间13.have a look at. 看.14.onethe other一个.另一个.15.eat grass 吃草16.eat leaves 吃树叶17.very shy/ smart/ cute 非常害羞，聪明，可爱18.South Africa 南非19.other animals其他动物二、日常交际用语(1)-Lets see the lionsfrist.咱们先看看狮子吧。（Lets dofirst.咱们先做。其中Lets是let us 的缩写形式，意思是“让我们、咱们”，一般用来提出建议，后接动词原形。其中first是副词，意为“首先”表示顺序，其位置可置于句尾，也可置于句首。）Eg:-Let us play games,shall we? Great! -Let me see.(2)-Do you like giraffes?你喜欢长颈鹿吗？Yes,I do.是的，我喜欢。/ No,I dont.不，我不喜欢。（Do you like+n.？你喜欢吗？其中名词可为不可数，也可为可数，当是可数名词时要用它的复数形式。）(3)-Why do you want to see the lions?你为什么想去看狮子呢？-Becase they are very cute.因为他们逗人喜爱。-Why do you like pandas?你为什么喜欢？-Because theyre very cute.-Why dose he like koalas?他为什么喜欢？-Because they are kind of interesting.其他：-Why are you looking at me?-Because you are very cute.（句型：Why+助动词+主语+动词原形？用来询问原因，其中Why是疑问副词，意思是“为什么”。Becase是连词，意思是“因为，由于”，用来叙述理由，引导原因状语从句。而在一般现在时中，由于主语不同，在提问时要使用不同的助动词do或dose。）(4)、-Where are lions from?狮子来自哪里？-Lions are from South Africa.它们来自南非。(5)-What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢其他什么动物？ _I like dogs.too.我还喜欢狗。其他：-What animals do you like?-I like elephants.（What other animals 表示“其他什么动物”。 other 为形容词，意思是“其他的，另外的”。other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围，the other+名词的复数，表示有特定的数量范围。）（6）- This isMolly.这是莫莉。（向他人介绍某人或是某物时，常用This is意为“这是”(7)-Isnt he cute? 难道他不逗人喜爱吗？（该句是一个否定疑问句，但应将其理解为一个肯定句：He is very cute.他很逗人喜爱。在英语中常用这种句型表示反过来的意思。）三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微 -Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。 kind 还有“种类”的意思如：一种akind of各种各样的 all kinds of 不同种类的different kinds of -We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲 China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。 -There are many kinds of tigers in China. -There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，同义词kind，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。 -The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、with prep. 跟，同，和在一起 -I usually play chess with my father. （注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如： My father and I usually play chess together.）Play with “和一起玩耍”“玩”-I often play with my pet dog.-Dont play with water!5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。 通常说at night ，in the day, during the day,其中 in表示“在（某段时间）之间”其起止不分明；during表示一段时间，其长度明确，起止分明，意为“在期间”，二者有时可以互换。 -Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leaf n. 叶子 复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wifewives, wolfwolves,knifeknives等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟 hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour。 There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 来自 be from = come from-Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much meat -He eats much meat every day.10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。-There is much grass on the playground.四.语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问词+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。-Whats your grandfathers telephone number?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？-Who is that boy with big eyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？-Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？-When is he going to play the piano?他什么时候弹钢琴？-Where does he live?他住在哪儿？-How are you?你好吗？-How old are you?你多大了？-How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问词+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：-Who is on duty today?今天谁值日？-Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老师？3. What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。-I like English. What/How about you?我喜欢英语。你呢？-What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样？Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和-谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital 在医院l10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报二重点句式及注意事项：1.询问别人干什么工作。 句型：What+do/does+某人+do?What+be+sb.?=What+be+ones+job?回答：主语+ be+ a+表示职业的名词。例：-What do you do?你是干什么的？-Im a student.我是一句学生。-What does he do? = Whats he? = Whats his job? 他是干什么的？-Hes a teacher.他是一名教师。2.询问别人想干什么工作。句型：What+do/does+某人+want to be?回答：主语+ want/wants to be+ a +表示职业的名词。表示“想当.”例：-What do you want to be?你想干什么工作？-I want to be a teacher.我想当教师。-What does she want to be ?她想干什么工作？-She wants to be a nuser.她想当护士。3.询问别人在哪里工作。句型：Where+do/does+sb.+work?回答：sb.+work in+地点。例：-Where does your sister work?你姐姐在哪里工作？-She works in a hospital.她在医院工作。4.询问工作情况的一般疑问句。例：-Does he work in the hospital?他在医院工作吗？-Yes.he does/No,he doesnt.是的，他是。不，不是。-Does she work late?她工作很晚吗？-Yes,she does/No.she doesnt.5.Do you like to do? 你喜欢做吗？ Eg: -Do you like to wrok with young people?你喜欢和年轻人一起工作吗？-Do you like to meet the strangers?你喜欢和陌生人打交道吗？6.Do you want to work for?你想为工作吗？ Eg: -Do you want to wort for a computer company? 你想在电脑公司上班吗？三重点难点1. People give me their money or get their money from me.人们在我这里存钱或取钱。其中give是及物动词，其后常接双宾语，give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 给某人某物，当sth.为代词时，只能放在中间，例：正确的表示：give it/them to sb. 错误的表示：give sb.it/them，其中的from表示“从”，“由”。Eg: -Please give me your watch. 请把你的手表给我。 -Would you like to give it to me?请把它给我，好吗？ -This is a letter from home.这是一封家书。 -I have a telephone call from her.我接到她的电话。2. I wear a white uniform and I help doctors.我身穿白色制服，协助大夫工作。其中wear表示“穿戴在身上”的状态；而put on 表示“穿戴”的动作。Help的意思是“帮助”。可以作动词也可以作名词，因此help doctorsgive doctors help.3. I want to be a newspaper reporter,because its an interesting job.我想成为一名新闻记者，因为这是一份有趣的工作。四重点语法一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： always, usually, often, every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.Unit 5 Im watching TV.一、词组1. watch TV/ a little bird 看电视 /一只小鸟2. read a book = read books = do some reading 读书3. go to the movies 看电影4. do homework= do ones homework(不可数) 做家庭作业（ones在人称和数上与主语保持一致）5. swim = have a swim = go swimming 游泳6. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物7. play basketball/ soccer 打/踢 篮球/足球8. talk on the phone 打电话9.clean the room打扫房间10.take photos拍照11. wait for sb. to do sth. 等候某人做某事12. swim at the pool 在游泳池里游泳13. in the library 在图书馆14. at home /school 在家里/学校15.in/on the tree在树上 （其中in后加上去的，on是树上长的）16. in the first/ next/ last photo 在第一张/下一张/最后一张图里21. be with sb. 和某人在一起二、句型1.询问和表达“正在进行的动作”句型：What+be(am,is ,are)+主语+doing?.正在做什么？回答：主语be(am,is ,are)+doing.正在做某事。例：-what are you doing? 你正在做什么？-Im doing my homework.我在做作业。2.Lets do sth.该句型用于表达“建议”，意为“咱们（让我们）做某事吧”。 例：-Lets eat dinner.咱们吃晚饭吧。 -Lets go home. 咱们回家吧。3.Here are/is这是由副词There和 Here开头的倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数应由后面真正的主语决定。主语是单数形式，则谓语动词用单数，主语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数。例：-Here are some of my photos. -Here is a photo of my family.4. That sounds +形容词。意思是“这/那听起来”。这一句型常用于口语中，用于对别人的提议/建议表示自己的看法。 Eg: -Lets play computer games. 我们来玩电脑游戏吧。 -That sounds great/boring/a good idea.那听起来太棒了/就没劲/是个好主意。5.Thanks forThank you for表示“为而感谢”,后面接所感谢的内容。例：-Thanks for your letter.谢谢你的来信。（直接+名词） -Thanks for giving us so mang books.谢谢给我们那么多书。（+v.ing）一现在进行时.现在进行时的用法：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作.现在进行时时间状语及标志性词now 现在, at this time 在这时 ,at the moment 现在look 看（后面有明显的“！”）, listen 听（后面有明显的“！”）. 现在分词的构成一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: gogoing look-looking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。Eg: writewriting close-closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. Eg: getgetting runrunning ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin)以ie结尾的，变ie为y，再加ing。 Eg:lielying diedying . 现在进行时的构成肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now.否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now.一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？Eg: Is he doing his homework now?肯定回答：Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is.否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isnt/arentEg: No, heisnt.特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+ am/is/ are+主语+动词ing形式+其他?Eg:-What is your brother doing?二、日常交际用语(1)-Do you want to go to the movices?Sure.(2)-When do you want to go?Lets go at seven.(3)-Where do people play basketball?At school.(4)-Whats he waiting for?-Hes waiting for a bus.(5)-Whats he reading? Hes reading a newspaper.Unit 6 Its raining!一短语：1. be hot/cold/warm/cool/humid/ cloudy/ windy热的/冷的/温暖的/凉爽的/潮湿的/多云的/刮风的2. fine/nice weather 好天气3. in the rain/this heat 在雨中/这么热的天4.in different kinds of weather 在不同的天气里5. a windy night 一个有风的晚上6. a beautiful sunny day 阳光明媚的一天7. cooking dinner/supper 正在做晚饭8. playing computer games/the guitar/beach volleyball正在玩电脑游戏/弹吉他/打沙滩排球9.Having a party正在举行晚会10.Visiting my grandmother正在看望奶奶11. takeing photos = takeing a photo of sth./sb.正在拍的照片12.be lying(lie) on the beach 正躺在沙滩上13. on vacation (介词）在度假14. take a vacation 在度假（动词）15. a group of students 一群学生16. be surprisedthat./to do sth.惊讶做17. be surprised at 对感到惊讶18. look cool/beautiful/young 看上去很酷/漂亮/年轻19. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩的高兴20.Someothers一些另一些二重难点解析1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换) How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) Whats the weather like in Beijing? ( Whats the weather like today?)2 回答上面问题的句式：Its + adj. (形容词) Eg: Its windy.3 Hows it going (with you)? Not bad. Great! Terrible! Pretty good.4.感谢sb.做某事。句型：Thanks sb. for+doing sth.Eg: - Thanks you for joining CCTVs Around The World show.感谢你收看中央电视台环游世界节目。5.电话用语，说我是，要用This is。Eg: -Hi,Alice? This is Bob. 嗨，艾丽斯，我是鲍勃。5.表示天气状况的形容词很多与天气有关的名词，在词尾加上y后，就变