teaching vocabulary 词汇教学.ppt

,Teachingvocabulary,IntroductionofThisUnitTodiscusshowtoteachvocabulary.Althoughvocabularyisusuallyintegratedwiththeteachingofreading,westillconsideritnecessarytointroducewaystolearnandconsolidatevocabulary.,TeachingContentHowtoteachvocabularyWhatstudentsneedtoknowPresentingvocabularyConsolidatingvocabularyDevelopingvocabularybuildingstrategies,ReadthefollowingassumptionsaboutvocabularyinEnglishlearninganddecideifyouagreewiththemornot.,1.Avocabularyitemcanbemorethanoneword.2.Languagesconsistof“words”withequivalentsfromonelanguagetoanother.3.Vocabularycannotbetaught.Itmustbelearnedbytheindividuals.,4.Bothteachersandstudentsneedtoknowthatthereisadifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevocabulary.5.Thebestwaytoexplainvocabularyistotranslate.6.English-Englishexplanationsarethebestforvocabularyteaching.,7.AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisanimportantaidforstudents.8.Wordscanbetaughtandlearnedmosteffectivelyingroupsofwordswhicharerelatedtoeachotherinmeaning.,9.Wordsmustbelearnedinlanguagecontexts.10.Ifwedonotusewords,wewillforgetthem,passiveandactivevocabulary,Thepassivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsrecognizeandunderstandwhentheyoccurinacontext,butwhichthestudentscannotproducecorrectly.Theactivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsunderstand,canpronouncecorrectlyanduseconstructivelyinspeakingandwriting.,Whatisvocabulary?,Vocabularycanbedefined,roughly,asthewordsweteachintheforeignlanguage.However,anewitemofvocabularymaybemorethanasingleword.Therearealsomulti-wordidioms.Ausefulconventionistocoverallsuchcasesbytalkingaboutvocabulary“items”ratherthan“words”.,Task,Canyouthinkof5or6furtherexamplesofvocabularyitems,ineitherChineseorEnglish,thatconsistofmorethanoneword?,TheimportanceofvocabularyThesingularimportanceofvocabularyhasbecomeapowerfulinsighttoraiseachievement.Thewordsweknowhelpusorganizeourlearning.Thecreationofwordsisourtoolforincreasinglearning.Vocabularyinstructionshouldbeafocalpointoflearning,especiallyforstudentsimpactedbypoverty.Vocabularyinstructionisanexcellentadvanceorganizerbutalsomustbetaughtincontext.,Vocabularyplaysanimportantpartinlearningtoread.Beginningreadersmustusethewordstheyhearorallytomakesenseofthewordstheyseeinprint.With100,000wordsintheEnglishlanguage,teachingvocabularycanseemlikeaverydauntingprospect.,Task:Discussandanswerthefollowingquestions:,1.WhatarethemostcommonwaysforChinesestudentstolearnvocabularyregardingEnglish?2.Similarly,whatarethemostcommonwaysforChineseteacherstoteachEnglishvocabulary,inprimaryschool,secondaryschoolanduniversity?,Whatastudentmayneedtoknow?,1.Item-Whatitmeans2.Theform3.Howitispronounced4.Howitisspelt5.Theconnotationsthattheitemmayhave6.Thesituationswhenthewordisorisnotused7.Howthewordisrelatedtoothers8.Collocationorthewaythatwordsoccurtogether9.Whattheaffixesmayindicateaboutthemeaning?,Task,(1)CanyouthinkoffiveorsixexamplesofitemsinEnglishwhosegrammaticalcharacteristicsarenotobviouslycoveredbyaregulargrammaticalrule,andwhichyouwouldthereforeneedtoteachwhenyouteachthem?(2)ThinkofthreeorfourtypicalcollocationsinEnglish,andtrytranslatingthemintoChinese.Dothecollocationstranslateexactly?Ifnot,whatkindsoflearning/teachingproblemsmightthisleadto,andwhatmightyoudoaboutit?,Task,(3)Howwouldyoupresentthemeaningsofthewordsswim,fame,childish,political,impertinence,kid,guy,andbastard?Forwhichwouldyoumentiontheirconnotations?Andtheirappropriatecontexts?(4)FindinbothChineseandEnglishatleastoneexampleforeachofthemaincategoriesofmeaningrelationships.,Task,(5)WhatprefixesandsuffixesinEnglishwouldyouconsideritusefulforlearnerstoknow?(6)Trytomarktheconnotationofthesewordsaspositive(+)ornegative(-):confidentstubbornextravagantmeanfamousarrogantdeterminedgenerousnotorious,Task,(7)Whatisagroupof_called?ChoosethecorrectanswerfromColumnB.,Task,(8)Ticktheverbthatappropriatelygoeswiththenoun.,Presentingnewwords,I.Somesuggestionsforteachers1)prepareexamplestoshowmeanings.2)Askstudentstotellthemeaningfirst,Presentingnewwords,3)Thinkabouthowtoshowthemeaningofawordwithrelatedwordssuchassynonyms,antonymsetc.4)Thinkabouthowtocheckstudentsunderstanding.,Presentingnewwords,5)Thinkaboutthecontextinreallifewheretheirwordsmightbeused.6)Thinkaboutpossiblemisunderstandingandconfusionthatmayhave.,Task,Twoteacherspresentedthewordgrumble.Belowarethedescriptionsofhowtheydidit.Workingroupsoffouranddiscusswhichwayismoreeffective.Trytogivereasonsforyourdecision.,Task,TeacherA:a)wrotegrumbleontheblackboard.b)saidcomplainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedwayc)translatedthewordintothestudentsnativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.,Task,TeacherB:saidsomepelplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather.Theyalwaysgrumbleabouttheweather.ThentheteachersetouttocheckthestudentsunderstandingbyaskingSowhatdoesgrumblemean?,Herearemorewaystopresentandexplainvocabulary:,a.Drawpictures,diagramsandmapstoshowmeaningsorconnectionofmeanings.b.Userealobjectstoshowmeanings.c.Mimeoracttoshowmeaningsd.Usesynonymsorantonymstoexplainmeanings.,Herearemorewaystopresentandexplainvocabulary:,e.Uselexicalsetsf.Translateandexemplify,especiallywithtechnicalwordsorwordswithabstractmeaning.g.Usewordformationrulesandcommonaffixes.,Againwhichyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable,Task,Workingroupsanddiscusswhattechniquesorcombinationoftechniquesyouwouldusetopresentthefollowingvocabularyitems.Choosefouritemsandgiveaminidemonstration.asponge,ahammer,alion,lazy,sad,toshave,toincrease,acoathanger,twomillion,reward,love,fight,atypist,aboxer,erase,sleepy,Consolidatingvocabulary,1.Labeling;2.Spottingthedifferences;3.Describinganddrawing;4.Playingagame;5.Usingwordthermometers;6.Usingwordseries;7.Wordbingo;8.Wordassociation;9.Oddmanout;10.Synonymsandantonyms;11.Usingwordcategories;12.Usingwordnet-work.13.Usingtheinternetresourcesformoreideas,Usingwordseries,Example:Cutlery:knife,fork,spoonTransport:_Vehicles:_Furniture:_Buildings:_,shoppercustomerclientbargainsellerpayshopbuymoneystoresellsalemarketpricediscountsupermarketgoodsreceipt,Wordbingo,Usingwordcategories:,countries,milk,typist,apples,pigs,shirts,Germany,chickens,Japan,shoes,oranges,peaches,wine,cows,butcher,tea,driver,Greece,socks,Turkey,trousers,banker,dogs,sheep,coffee,plums,pears,Drinks,Fruits,Animals,Jobs,Clothes,Usingwordnet-work:,sittingroom,bathroom,ktichen,bedroom,knife,HOUSE,Developingvocabularybuildingstrategies,1.Reviewregularly2.Guessmeaningfromcontext1)synonymsorantonymsinthecontext2)referencewords3)collocationsbetweenwords,a)Somesentencestellthedefinitionforadifficultwordbymeansofpunctuationorcertainhelpwords.Forexample,dashes(-),parentheses(),Brackets,commas,wordslikethatis,meaning,suchas,oriscalled.Maryfeltperturbed,thatis,greatlydisturbed,byhersistersaction.,b)Somesentencetellstheoppositeofwhatanewwordmeans.Fromitsoppositewecanfigureoutthemeaningoftheword.,Afrugalpersonwouldneverspendmoneysofreely.,Ifyouarefrugalyoudonotspendfreely,Frugalmustmean“tobecarefulaboutspendingmoney”.,c)Usingyourownexperiencetofigureoutthedefinitionofaword.,Feelingdepressed,Carlfrowned.,Youknowfromyourexperiencethatafrownusuallymeans“unhappiness”.So“unhappy”shouldbeagoodguessforthemeaningofdepressed.,d).Sentencebeforeorafterasentencecontainingadifficultwordsometimesexplainthemeaningoftheword.,Maryhadabubblingpersonality.Herenthusiasm,herlivelyactions,herexcitementatnewideasalwaysattractedpeople.Ineverknewsuchanebullientwoman.,Thesesentencehelpsyouputtogetheradefinitionofebullient-overflowingwithexcitement.,e)Somesentencesarejustwrittentogivedefinitionofdifficultwordswordsreadersneedtoknowinordertounderstandwhattheyarereading.,Impedimentsareobjectsthatstandinthewayofsomegoal.,f)Becausesomesentencesgiveexamplesforanewword,youcanbuildadefinition.,Selectanyoneofthoseperiodicals:playboy,ReadersDigest,TimeMagazine.,Thissentencedoesntsaythataperiodicalisamagazine,butyoucanfigurethatouteasilyfromtheexamples.,g)Somesentencesuseawordyoudoknowtohelpexplainawordyoudontknow.,Aformidableenemyisonetobefeared.,Formidable-throughtheclueinthissentencemeans“fearful”,or“dreadful”.,Developingvocabularybuildingstrategies,3.Organizevocabularyeffectively1)imagesandassociations2)grouping(semanticmeaning,use,collocation,synonyms)4.Useadictionary5.Managestrategyuse6.Uselearnedvocabulary,Alternativewaysofteachingvocabulary,1.Giveyourstudentsafewitemsofvocabularyandtellthemtofindthemeaning,pronunciationandwriteanexamplesentencewiththewordin.Theycanthenteacheachotheringroups.2.Prepareworksheetsandaskyourstudentstomatchwordstodefinitions.3.Askstudentstoclassifyagroupofwordsintodifferentcategories.Forexample,alistoftransportwordsintoair/sea/land.4.Askstudentstofindnewvocabularyfromreadinghomeworkandteachtheotherstudentsintheclass.,Otherthingstoconsider,1.Reviewthevocabularyyouteachthroughagameoractivityandencourageyourstudentstodothesameathome.2.Encourageautonomyinyourlearners.Tellthemtoread,watchfilms,listentosongsetc.andnotetheusefulwords.3.Haveasectionofyourboardforvocabularyitemsthatcomeupasyouareteaching.Usedifferentcolorsfortheword/thephonemics/theprepositions/thepartofspeech.,4.Itisagoodideatoteach/learnwordswithassociatedmeaningstogether.5.Encourageyourstudentstopurchaseagooddictiona