被动语态讲解__公开课.ppt

被动语态,初中被动语态的奥秘,中考必考的重点语法,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态),语态,我每天吃苹果.Ieatappleseveryday.Applesareeatenbymeeveryday.苹果每天被我吃.,他杀鸡Hekillschicken.Chickeniskilledbyhim.鸡被他杀了,Beastcatchestheprincess.怪兽抓了公主Theprincessiscaughtbybeast.公主被怪兽抓走了。,人们读名著PeoplereadgreatbooksGreatbooksarereadbypeople名著被人们读,Theyplantflowers.他们种花。花被他们种。,Flowersareplantedbythem,Heplaysbasketball.他打篮球。篮球被他打。,Basketballisplayedbyhim.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。,3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。（by短语可以省。by短语后跟代词的宾格。）口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变be+done.,bytheteacher.,Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.,He,isasked,questions,一般现在时被动语态的构成：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词,动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：,1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed,2、结尾是e的动词加-d，livedused,3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped,4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，study-studied，carry-carried,1、speakspokespoken2、useusedused3、makemademade4、writewrotewritten5、growgrewgrown6、plantplantedplanted7、produceproducedproduced8、askaskedasked9、planplannedplanned10、sendsentsent11、buildbuiltbuilt12、inviteinvitedinvited,请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：,sing-sang-sung,build-built-built,把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.(English.)2、Peopleusewoodformakingtables.（wood.）3、ThemakecomputersintheUSA.（Computers）4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.（Rice）,EnglishisspokeninCanada.,Woodisusedformakingtables.,ComputeraremadeintheUSA.,RiceisgrowninSouthChina.,中考链接,1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.（17年新课标版，32）AareheldBwereheldCareholdingDwillhold2.TodayChinese_bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.（17年北京真题，35）A.wasspokenB.isspokenC.spokeD.speak,例如：苹果每天被我吃。昨天苹果被我吃了。苹果正在被我吃。昨天九点苹果正在被我吃。明天这个苹果将要被我吃。这个苹果应该被我吃。.,被动语态的时态：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,shall/will/begoingtobedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,此外，情态动词也有被动语态：结构为：情态动词+be+done1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）English_byalotofpeopleinChinanow.,canbespoken,1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,bythemlastterm.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were+过去分词,lastyear.,2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.,Manytrees,wereplanted,Tencomputers,werebought,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,willbe+过去分词,1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,bythemintendays.,Thework,willbefinished,2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina,byAmy.,Gina,canbetakengoodcareof,2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.,Morewater,shouldbedrunk,byyou.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is/am/are+being过去分词,1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,bysomeworkersnow.,Therooms,arebeingpainted,2.HeiswatchingTV.,TV,isbeingwatched,byhim.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/hasbeen过去分词,1.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,byus.,Twentymorekeys,havebeenmade,2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.,Ourcompositions,havebeenfinished,byus.,填空（完成被动语态填空）1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）Theirclassroom_often_bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）Anewpen_Tomlastweek.,is,cleaned,wasgivenby,Practice,3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）English_byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）English_forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）Thesestory-books_nextmonth.,canbespoken,hasbeenlearned,willbepublished,6.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_onthefarm（上海市中考题）,Theysentup,wereplanted,aregrown,中考题,1.Insomecountries,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace,3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto_inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand_to_.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die,被动语态专项练习：选择填空,18.Thenewplay_intheatrenow.Whydontyougoinandseeit?A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows19.Canyoutell_?A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened,20._thejob_byLucyorbyJohn?Tellmethetruth,please.A.HasfinishedB.HasbeingfinishedC.IsfinishD.Hasbeenfinished,肯定句：主语be+过去分词(by)否定句：主语benot过去分词(by)一般疑问句：Be主语过去分词(by)?特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词(by),被动语态的几种句型,bymanystudents.,English,isstudied,bymanystudents.,English,isnotstudied,1.Ourschool_in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_well.(照顾)3._thisbuilding_(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook_(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge_(不建造)in1989.6.The29thOlympicGameswill_(举行)inUKin2012.,wasopened,belookedafter,Was,built,waswritten,wasntbuilt,beheld,完成下列句子：,把下列句子变成被动语态:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2）Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam3）WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree,Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.,Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday,Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo,Practice,4)WellputontheplaynextSunday5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear,TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday,Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool,Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear,如：1.Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.（以I做主语）AbookwasgiventomebyTom.（以物book作主语）2.HeteachesusEnglish.WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.（以人当主语）Englishistaughttousbyhim.（以物作主语）,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,keep,make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge.主谓宾宾补Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge.Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding.Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.,2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态,不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.,Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Mychildistakengoodcareof.Iturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme),3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybecoveredwith用覆盖着beinterestedin对感兴趣besurpr