四级写作.docx

四级写作综述1. 与四级英语考试的其他部分比较2. 四级判分的人和标准3. 14分作文的判分标准写作概述大学英语考试大纲：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。时间要求：30分钟审题（2-3分钟）写作（25分钟）检查（2-3分钟）涉及话题：社会热门校园话题日常生活4. 14分作文判分标准1， 内容切题，包含题目中提纲的全部内容要点2， 表达清楚文字连贯3， 句式和用词准确， 句式结构有变化4， 文章的长度符合要求14分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；语言流畅，层次分明，句式有变化；词汇丰富，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。11分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。8分：内容符合要求，包括了提纲中的全部内容；基本清楚地表达了主题的内涵，句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度符合要求。5分：内容基本切题，基本表达了提纲中的内容；基本清楚的表达主题的内涵，句子结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。2分：思路混乱，条理不清，语句不通顺，词不达意.对立观点题Recreational activities（06/2008）1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益也可能有危害性3.作为大学生我的看法 对立观点题Elective Courses（12/2007）1.大学开设很多选修课给学生选择2.选修课目的不同，有人为了找工作，有人为了兴趣和娱乐。3.作为大学生我的看法 对立观点题Spring Festival Gala（12/2006）1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2.但有些人提议取消春节晚会3.我的看法问题分析型Students selecting their lecturers (06/2006)1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题问题解决型欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。（06/2007）标题：Welcome to our club1.表达你的欢迎；介绍社团2.加入社团的好处3.如何加入社团问题解决型Disposable plastic bags (12/2008)1.一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2.由此带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义 2、评分原则Global Scoring , 根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分数(Reward Scores),不按照语言点的错误扣分。五级评分： 14分，11分，8分，5分，2分档次0分的情况u什么是好的作文？uComplicated words? uGrammatical correctness?uTranslation? Appropriate!四级写作十大高频词汇：越来越多的人认为家庭很重要More and more people think that family is very important.A.认为： think contend，advocate， convict，deem，hold the opinion thatB. 人们： people individuals, citizens, characters, folksC.很，非常：very dramatically, considerably, enormously, tremendously, remarkablyD. 重要的： important significant, crucial, essential, vital, imperativeE.越来越多的： more and more + n An increasing number/amount of + n, a + very的替补+increasing number of increasing = growing/rising F. 许多 a great/good many of a (n) sea of/ocean of an army of/a host of G. 不同的： different various/a variety of, distinctive, separate, diverseH. 好的： good positive, desirable, advantageous, favorable, beneficial I: 坏的：bad negative, undesirable, disadvantageous, discouraging三、高分写作（一）选词1. As is known to us, the problem of human population has long been a subject of discussion among the peoples of different countries in the world.2. It is well known to us all that the supermarket is playing a more and more important role in our daily life.3. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, the government emphasizes the environmental protection.4. When asked about the function of media, many people agree to the first view.此外，表示“多”的词还有：vast, quite a few, an army of, an ocean of , a sea of , a great number of5. Cheating in exam happens in our daily life.Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society.6. They believe that reading extensively can help to enlarge our view and grasp the general knowledge in different fields.believe: hold, argue, maintain, harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that7.It is important to take the effective measures immediately.important: vital, significant, notable 8. I dont agree constant job-hopping, as the saying goes “ Jack of all trades, master of none.”support/agree: be in favor of, approve of9. Most parents disagree to the cross-national marriage.disagree: disapprove of, frown on 10. Some people prefer coffee, while others like tea. like: prefer, feel inclined to 11. However, I think it is necessary and good to take CET-4. The reasons are obvious.good: beneficial (有益的), perfect, pleasant, positive, proper 12. Obviously, the picture shows that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to all the human beings.show: indicate, reveal, suggest, prove13. As the number shows, nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number: figure, statistics Education is of great importance to ones career and future. The majority of the young people in China hope to obtain higher education at college. However, the tuition for college education is much higher than what some students can afford. How can one get enough money to pay the tuition? As a matter of fact, many ways can contribute to the solution to the problem. To begin with, one can get financial assistance from parents and relatives. This is the most common practice. Secondly, students can earn some pocket money by doing some part-time jobs. The earned money can be used to pay their tuition. In addition to these two ways, one can acquire loan from the bank, which has enjoyed increasing popularity among college students. Among the three means mentioned above, I hold the third kind is most preferable. As I am from the countryside and my family is not well-off, my parents cannot afford so much money. Besides, I dont think the second way is desirable, because doing part-time jobs surely deprives some time from the study. Study is the top priority for me when I am at college.好的作文语法正确？uToday we are talking about whether university students should be allowed to live together before they get married. This is a controversial issue that different people have different opinions. Some have somes opinions; others have others opinions; men have mens opinions; women have womens opinions; I have my opinion; what is your opinion?好的作文逐字翻译？好的作文逐字翻译？Ladies are not allowed to have children in the bar. -Norway Do not feed the animals. If you have suitable food, give them to the guard on duty.-HungaryFor you convenience, we recommend courteous and efficient self-service. -Hong Kong u这才是好的作文！u思想内容u文章结构u语言质量 u思想内容u同实质u异表达It is our difference that makes the communication necessary; it is our similarity that makes our communication possible. 5. 四级作文分类：since 2000图表式：1次 02 （6）提纲式：21 次正反对比类：4次个人观点类：2次社会热点类：6次应用文：7次记叙文：2次句子的基本结构1.They laughed. S十V2.They were listening to a story. S十V十O3.No one offered me a seat. S十V十O1十O24.They made me rather unhappy. S十V十O十C5.The story seemed very funny. S十V十C句子的扩充1.前后修饰2.各种短语介副词时间地点3.并列递进4.从句成分5.各种细节扩充名，动，形容词修饰uI am offering my gratitude.uI am offering my undying gratitude. uIt is held that everyone is born equal.uIt is firmly held that everyone is born equal.uShe is beautiful. uShe is deliciously beautiful.扩充 各种短语uUndoubtedly, actually, generally speaking, undeniably, as a matter of fact, admittedlyuI love you. uAs a matter of fact, I love you from the very moment when opening my eyes to the last second when closing them. 扩充 并列递进成分uToday, I met M.S. Ge.uToday, on July 24th, 2008, when the 29th Olympics Games is to be held in Beijing, the capital of China and the political, cultural center of our motherland, I met M.S. Ge, a young, beautiful teacher in Hebei University of Technology.扩充和连接 并列递进成分uYou are supposed to tell the truth. uYou are supposed to tell the truth, the whole truth, nothing but the truth. 扩充和连接 并列递进成分uIt is important to receive higher education.uIt is important, or even tremendously significant to receive higher education. uThe faith was in her mind. uThe faith was in her mind, through her bones, within her blood and together with her every single cell. 扩充和连接各种从句和成分u不定式/ING（主语，宾语，表语）每天从家到学校两点一线，这就是我的生活。I go between home and school every day. This is my life. Going between home and school is my life.Simply swinging between home and school fills my life.穷尽我一生去寻觅你，并且爱你到永远是一件痛并快乐的事情。I spend my whole life searching for you. I love you forever. I feel painful but happy.To spend my entire life searching for you and to love you forever and ever give me great pleasure but in pain. 扩充和连接各种从句和成分u主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句最吸引我的地方就是他的内在。What fascinates me most is what he has from within.大部分售货员都相信以穿着来判断顾客。Most shopping assistants judge their customers by their clothing.Most shopping assistants believe that customers are what they wear. 政府应该言必行，行必果。What a government says should be what it does, and what it does should show what it brings. Pre or Pose?如花是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。Ruhua is I saw the most beautiful girl.扩充和连接各种从句和成分u定语从句The man is my father.The man who is standing there is my father who is my mothers husband.书是我的朋友。Books become my friendsBooks that are with me through ups and downs become my friends that guide me at the crossroads, raise me up at falls, delight me through despair, and rest with me in peace. 扩充和连接各种从句和成分u定语从句从前有座山，山上有座庙，庙里有个老和尚，再给小和尚讲故事。Once there was a mountain. On the top of the mountain, there was a temple. Inside the temple, there was an old monk. The old monk was telling a story to a young monk. Once there was a mountain, on top of which there was a temple, inside which there was an old monk, who was telling a story to the young. 一切伟大的事情，都始于某人一个单一的想法，然后发生在人类身上。Everything great that has happened to humanity sinace the beginning has begun as a single thought in someones mind.扩充和连接各种从句和成分u定语成分到处可以看到那些人，随地吐痰，插队，在公共场合脱鞋脱袜。We can see those people everywhere. They spit around, jump the queues and take off their shoes or even socks in public places. Those people jumping the queues, spitting around and taking off their shoes or even socks can be see here and there. 浪费了时间就意味着否定了机会。Wasting time means denying a chance. A second delayed means a chance denied. 扩充和连接各种具体事例他每天都好忙。He is busy all day. He is as busy as a bee for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 他最近好倒霉。He has bad luck recently. He has recently been attacked by bad luck, failing to sleep well at nights, being late for work, grabbing a taxi without taking any coin, leaving the house with an open door, knocking into a stranger on the street, fighting with his boss in the office and finally losing the one and the only job. 限制一次性塑料袋如何选择选修课欢迎加入社团取消春节晚会娱乐活动的意义自由选择授课老师名校成为旅游热点Exercise 1Subjects in middle schools should not focus only on the students future careers.(13 w)While it is true that all teenagers need to prepare for particular careers that might interest them, it does not in any way indicate that the subjects in middle schools should focus only on career related fields as education involves far more than teaching living-making skills. (47 w)Exercise 2Education should teach the students knowledge instead of technical skills. (10 w)Education, which is actually a means to convey the knowledge and / or wisdom accumulated throughout human history, including that in the fields of science and art, rather than technical know-how, should teach students knowledge insteaf of technical skills.Exercise 3Some companies think of retirees as burdens and they should take care of themselves. (14w)Some corporations and companies, deeming / considering retirees as heavy burdens to the financial situation, claim that employees should be responsible for their after- work / retirement life by saving part of their earnings. (31w)ExerciseNowadays, advertisements are everywhere.Nowadays, there are lots of advertisements on television or on the streets.Exercise 5In addition, as people do not have much money, they will try to use their money reasonably.In addition, as there should be a limited amount of disposable income consumers are able to spend, people try to allocate their budgets reasonably.Exercise 6In conclusion, as customers know what they want to buy, it is better to leave them to make their own decision in buying goods.In conclusion, as customers have their own strong opinions and standard of good quality goods, it is better to leave them to make their own decision in buying goods.Exercise 7Those who feel that sport stars salaries are justified argue that they deserve it.Those who feel that sport stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.Exercise 8The pace of change has increased very fast.Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations.Exercise 9This is driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs.This is driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.Exercise 10In many ways, the history of civilization is the history of technology. In many ways, the history of civilization is the history of technology: from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development of the Internet, we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things.句子的加精l词汇妙用l伴随状态lWith 结构l倒装句l强调句l连续动作电子书会取代传统书的。E-books will take place of the traditional books.E-books will kill paper-made books.失败是成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.Failure teaches success. 这段经历在我脑海里挥之不去。I can never forget the experience. The experience can never be wiped out from my head. The experience freezes in my mind. 这个事情被炒得很火。It is a hot topic. It is under heated discussion. 上善若水The greatest kindness is like a bottle of water. Virtue resembles water. 岁月让他风尘满面。Years have weathered his face. 句子加精伴随状态伴随状态英特网的影响无处不在，以至于很多人为自己的执迷付出代价。英特网的影响无处不在，以至于很多人，特别是年轻人迷失于网络之中，渐渐上瘾，无法从虚拟世界中自拔，最终为自己的执迷付出代价。The internets presence is inescapable so that a large number of people, especially the teenagers get tangled in the world wide web, gradually becoming addicted to the Internet, failing to pull themselves out of the virtual world, and eventually paying the ultimate price for their obsession. 句子加精伴随状态伴随状态一个人第一次想在赌博中碰碰运气的时候，他就走上了一条不归路，梦想一夜暴富，一本万利，赚到钱后却又欲罢不能，然后输得身无分文，带着一丝无奈笑容的回家，却还没有认识到天上不会掉馅饼，于是第二晚抱着更多的幻想和代价，开始新一轮的旅途。 The first time when one intends to take chances in gambling, he has already been walking on the path with no turning back, dreaming of becoming a millionaire overnight, asking for much when having little, wanting for more even if winning much, returning home with nothing but a reluctant smile, failing to realize that luck never gives but lends, and starting the journey again next night with greater cost and fantasy.句子加精伴随状态With 结构万事俱备，只欠东风，好戏马上就要开始了。With everything but the last part ready, lets get the show on the road.她为了这次比赛做了很大努力，这个奖是她应得的。With tremendous efforts made for this performance, she deserved the award.散伙饭上大家眼泪横飞，大学美好的回忆重现眼前，再好的朋友都有分别的一天。With tears flying here and there at farewell dinner, with the most wonderful memories presented once more in front of everyone, best friends must be apart. 限制一次性塑料袋如何选择选修课欢迎加入社团取消春节晚会娱乐活动的意义自由选择授课老师名校成为旅游热点句子加精倒装倒装句句子加精倒装倒装句句子加精倒装倒装句句子加精倒装倒装句句子加精倒装完全安倒装The bus comes here. Here comes the bus. The girl jumped down. Down jumped the girl. She