《中国的对外贸易》(汉英对照白皮书2011).doc

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蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂蚂袂蒁莅羀羁膀薁袆羀芃莃螂羀蒅蕿螈罿膅蒂蚄羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒁蚆螅羅膁蒈蚁肅芃蚄薇肄莆蒇袅肃肅蚂袁肂芈薅螇肁莀螀蚃肀蒂薃羂聿膂莆袈聿芄薂螄膈莇莄蚀膇肆薀薆膆腿莃羄膅莁蚈袀膄蒃蒁螆膃膃蚆蚂膃芅葿羁节莇蚅袇芁蒀蒇螃芀腿蚃虿袆莂蒆蚅袆蒄螁羄袅膄薄袀袄芆螀螆袃莈薂 中国的对外贸易(汉英对照白皮书2011)中国的对外贸易chinas foreign trade 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室information office of the state councilthe peoples republic of china 2011年12月 北京december 2011, beijing 目录contents 前言foreword 一、中国对外贸易的历史性进步i. historic progress in chinas foreign trade 二、中国外贸体制的改革与完善ii. reform of and improvements to chinas foreign trade system 三、中国外贸发展对世界的贡献iii. the development of chinas foreign trade contributes to the world economy 四、促进对外贸易基本平衡增长iv. promoting basically balanced growth of foreign trade 五、构建全方位互利合作经贸关系v. constructing all-round economic and trade partnerships with mutually beneficial cooperation 六、实现对外贸易的可持续发展vi. realizing sustainable development of foreign trade 结束语conclusion 前言foreword 和平、发展、合作是当今世界潮流。改革开放以来，中国顺应经济全球化趋势，不断扩大对外开放，在平等互利的基础上积极同世界各国开展经贸合作。经过多年发展，对外贸易成为中国经济最为活跃、增长最快的部分之一，中国也成为跻身世界前列的贸易大国。中国对外贸易的发展，将中国与世界更加紧密地联系起来，有力推动了中国的现代化建设，也促进了世界的繁荣与进步。 peace, development and cooperation are the trends in todays world. since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy more than 30 years ago, china has conformed to the trend of economic globalization by opening wider to the outside world and promoting economic and trade cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. through years of development, foreign trade has become one of chinas most dynamic and fastest-growing sectors, placing china among the worlds largest trade countries. chinas foreign trade development has strengthened the nations ties with the rest of the world, effectively pushed forward the countrys modernization, and promoted world prosperity and progress. 2001年中国加入世界贸易组织。10年来，中国经济融入全球经济的进程加快，中国对外贸易的活力进一步增强。在中国加入世界贸易组织10周年之际，中国政府发表白皮书，对中国的对外贸易情况作一系统介绍。 china entered the world trade organization (wto) in 2001. during the past decade, china has quickened its integration into the global economy while its foreign trade has been further invigorated. on the 10th anniversary of chinas accession to the wto, the chinese government issues this white paper to give a comprehensive introduction to chinas foreign trade development. (more) 一、中国对外贸易的历史性进步i. historic progress in chinas foreign trade 1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，坚持独立自主、自力更生，逐步开展对外经济贸易交流，但受到当时国际政治环境和国内计划经济体制等因素制约，对外贸易发展相对缓慢。 after the founding of the peoples republic of china (prc) in 1949, china adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and gradually carried out economic and trade exchanges with foreign countries. however, hindered by the international political environment at that time and the countrys planned economic system, chinas foreign trade development was relatively slow. 1978年，中国进入改革开放的新时期。大力发展对外贸易，成为中国加快现代化建设、改变落后面貌、促进经济发展和提高综合国力的重要途径。30多年来，中国利用世界经济较长时期繁荣、经济全球化深入发展的机遇，扩大对外开放，吸引利用外商投资，引进先进技术，改造提升国内产业，在全面参与国际分工和竞争中，实现了对外贸易的跨越式发展。 in 1978 china entered the new period of reform and opening up. devoting major efforts to the development of foreign trade became an important approach to accelerate modernization, shake off backwardness, promote the growth of economy, and improve comprehensive national strength. over the past 30 years or so, seizing the opportunity of the world economys long-termprosperity and the deepening economic globalization, china has opened wider to the outside world, attracted and utilized foreign investment, introduced advanced technology, transformed and upgraded domestic industries, and achieved rapid development in foreign trade through all-round participation in the international division of labor and competition. 货物贸易总量跻身世界前列。1978年，中国货物进出口总额只有206亿美元，在世界货物贸易中排名第32位，所占比重不足1%。2010年，中国货物进出口总额达到29740亿美元，比1978年增长了143倍，年均增长16.8%。其中，出口总额15778亿美元，年均增长17.2%；进口总额13962亿美元，年均增长16.4%。中国出口总额和进口总额占世界货物出口和进口的比重分别提高到10.4%和9.1%，连续两年成为世界货物贸易第一出口大国和第二进口大国。 - chinas total trade volume in goods ranks high globally. in 1978 the total value of chinas import and export was only 20.6 billion u.s. dollars, ranking 32nd in world trade and accounting for less than 1 percent of the worlds total. in 2010 the total value of chinas import and export reached 2.974 trillion u.s. dollars, 144 times as much as that in 1978, averaging an annual growth of 16.8 percent. in 2010 the total value of chinas export was 1.5778 trillion u.s. dollars, showing an a 17.2 percent annual growth on average, and the total value of its import was 1.3962 trillion u.s. dollars, showing a 16.4 percent annual growth on average. in 2010, the total volumes of chinas export and import accounted for 10.4 percent and 9.1 percent of the worlds total, respectively. by the end of 2010 china had been the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer for two consecutive years. (figure 1 chinas import and export of goods 1978-2010) 货物贸易结构发生了根本性变化。中国出口商品结构在20世纪80年代实现了由初级产品为主向工业制成品为主的转变，到90年代实现了由轻纺产品为主向机电产品为主的转变，进入新世纪以来，以电子和信息技术为代表的高新技术产品出口比重不断扩大。外贸经营主体除了国有企业外，还包括外商投资企业、民营企业等，后二者的进出口总额目前均已超过国有企业。20世纪80年代至本世纪初，中国加工贸易蓬勃发展，成为外贸的半壁江山。在中国外贸发展中，外商投资企业和加工贸易发挥了十分重要的作用。- the structure of chinas trade in goods has fundamentally changed. chinas export commodity structure shifted from the primary products dominated to manufactured goods dominated in the 1980s, and from mainly light industrial and textile products to mainly mechanical and electronic products in the 1990s. in the new century, chinas export of high-tech products, led by electronics and information technology commodities, has been increasingly expanded. in addition to state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises also engage in foreign trade, and their total value of import and export has each exceeded that of the state-owned enterprises. from the 1980s to the early 21st century, chinas processing trade flourished, accounting for half of the countrys foreign trade volume. throughout chinas foreign trade development, foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade have played very significant roles. (table 1 chinas export commodity structure 1980-2010) 形成全方位和多元化进出口市场格局。改革开放后，中国全方位发展对外贸易，与世界上绝大多数国家和地区建立了贸易关系。贸易伙伴已经由1978年的几十个国家和地区发展到目前的231个国家和地区。欧盟、美国、东盟、日本、金砖国家等成为中国主要贸易伙伴。新世纪以来，中国与新兴市场和发展中国家的贸易持续较快增长。2005年至2010年，中国与东盟货物贸易占中国货物贸易比重由9.2%提高到9.8%，与其他金砖国家货物贸易所占比重由4.9%提高到6.9%，与拉丁美洲和非洲货物贸易所占比重分别由3.5%和2.8%提高到6.2%和4.3%。 - china has formed an all-round and diversified import and export market. since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy, china has been promoting foreign trade on all fronts, and established trade relations with the vast majority of the worlds countries and regions. chinas trade partners have increased from a small number of countries and regions in 1978 to 231 countries and regions now. the european uni