《从句和短语讲解》PPT课件.ppt

UnitNoun单位名词,afitofanger/coughing/laughter/fever（Averystronganduncontrollableemotion）一阵发作一时气急/一阵咳嗽/一阵大笑/发烧,apealofapplause/laughter/thunder（asuddenloudsound）响亮的声音一阵喝彩/大笑/雷声aflashofhope/light/lightningbrightcolororsthwhichappearsuddenlyforashorttime一线希望/光线/闪电,adisplayofcourage/skill/fireworks勇气、技能的表现/烟花的展示,Theprepositionalphrase,1.Usedasadjectives。介词短语修饰名词或代词e.g.Thehemofthedresswastorn.Helikestousethechairwiththreelegs.Manyofthestudentslikefascinatingteachers.,Theclauserank,1.Clause从句，子句Definition：aclauseisagroupofwordswhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandformspartofacompoundorcomplexsentence.AsentencehasoneormoremainclausesAmainclausehasafiniteverb.Asubordinateclausecanbenon-finite.,Amainclausehasafiniteverb.Asubordinateclausecanbenon-finite.Twomainclauseslinkedtogetherareco-ordinateclauses.Asubordinateclausedoesntexpressacompletethoughtandcannotstandalone.,NounClauses名词性从句,名词性从句,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,主语从句,表语从句,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,根据名词性从句在句中充当的不同成分,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,宾语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，其功能同名词一样。为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语,而把真正主语放在句子末尾。Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.=Itisobviousthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.,主语从句,引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词thatThattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.(2)从属连词whetherWhetherhellcomehereisntclear.(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever，连接副词where,when,how,whyWhatshedidisnotyetknown.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whoevercomesiswelcome.,hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.,Whothewatchbelongstoisunknown.,How,主语从句用陈述语序,关联词位于句首不能省略,1.在主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数。,Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance.,Whoeversaysthisiswrong.,由what引导的主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数，如果从句中能看出所代指名词为复数，则谓语动词为复数。WhatIneedismoney.WhatIneedarebooks.,2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。_yousaidyesterdayisright._sheisstillaliveisobvious.,What,That,whether引导主语从句时,常置于句首(此时whether不能用if代替),也有后移的用法(此时whether可以用if代替)Whethertheywillcomeisnotyetknown.Itisnotyetknownwhether/iftheywillgothere.,3.whether与if,1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether3.Onmywayhomeinthestreet,Isawalady_Ithoughtwasyouraunt.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whom4.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_isourhopethatthetwosideswillworkto-wardspeace.”A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It5.Wecannotexplain_quiteanumberofinsects,birdsandotheranimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when,Choosethebestanswers.,C,A,A,D,C,6.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it7._thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That8._beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.A.WhomB.WhoeverC.WhoD.What9._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what,D,C,C,A,10._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever11.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for,C,B,ObjectClauses宾语从句,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,引导词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,如何区分宾语从句？,句子做宾语就是宾语从句。,宾语从句从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句（1）谓语动词后面的宾语从句e.g.Iknow(that)Henrymustbeworriedaboutthat.IcanttellyouwhetherIlikethisplayornot.（2）介词后面的宾语从句e.g.Theteacherispleasedwithwhatshehassaid.Henrymustbeworriedaboutwhatwillhappentohim.,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接；副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,1.Heasked_.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked_（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车站）7.Wouldyoutellme_。（为什么火车迟到了）,1.whocouldanswerthequestion.2.whomtheyarewaitingfor.3.whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.4.whenwellhaveameeting5.whereheis.6.howIcangettothestation7.whythetrainislate.,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,whetheritisgoingtorainornot,当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,Adverbialclause(状语从句),时间状语从句ThetrainleftbeforeIreachedthestation.IsawJohnwhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet.,地点状语从句Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.Aschoolshouldbebuiltwheretheenvironmentisquietandclean.,原因状语从句Icecreamisjunkfoodbecauseithasalotofsugarandfat.Asitisrainingheavily,wehavenochoicebuttotakeataxi.,方式状语从句Tomlooksasifheweredrunk.,状语从句,结果状语从句MyhandsaresocoldthatIcantwrite.IgotupatfivesothatIhadenoughtimetopreparemylesson.,目的状语从句IgotupatfivesothatIcouldpreparemylessonbeforeseven