高考英语七选五解题技巧和方法.ppt

welcometoourenglishclass,七选五任务型阅读解题技巧,（gap-filling）,基于主旨大意的任务型阅读解题指导,题型解读,选材特点：300词左右的说明文或议论文，正文240词左右，选项60词左右设空类型：标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类选项特点：完整句子，按长度排列。,考察重点,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。(考试说明),mainideaofthetext,logicofthecontext,（gap-filling）,partiexperiencing,partiisharing,partiiiapplying(应用),partivsummarizing(总结),partvenhancing(提高),1.howtogetthemainideaoftheatext?thetitlethefirstparagraphthelastparagraph2.howtogetthemainideaofeachparagraph?thefirstsentence(topicsentence)thelastsentence(topicsentence),mainideaofthetext:,fivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight,topicsentenceofeachparagraph:,scheduleyearlyexams,herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight.,p.1:,p.4:,p.2:,p.3:,p.5:,protectagainstuvrays.,_.,giveyoureyesabreak.,p.6:,practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses.,scheduleyearlyexams.36expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6-12monthsofagetothedoctorforcarefulcheck.thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.a.eatyourgreens.b.eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.g.parentsusuallydontcareabouttheirowneyesight.,sharinganddiscussing,干扰项,topsentence,人生的早期=6到12个月的婴儿（同范畴）,frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledontcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.36moneyisatopicillsaveforanotherday.sotodayiwanttogive,yousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthemtimeyouspendinthekitchen.herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:（14年课标全国2）trynewthings.abilityiseasilyimproved.g.alittletimeplanningaheadcansamealotofworklateron.,干扰项,同词复现,topsentence,summary:七选五解题技巧1：词汇复现1）复现：作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。2）同范畴词：是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。,protectagainstuvrays(紫外线).long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.nomatterwhattheseasonis,itsextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37b.eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.c.theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.,topsentence,代词线索,giveyoureyesabreak.two-thirdsofamericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.37expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.f.alwaysfollowthedoctorsadviceforappropriatewear.g.thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasetheriskforeyetiredness,topsentence,代词线索,干扰项,summary:七选五解题技巧2：代词提示代词是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。,it:单数名词或整个句子；they/them:复数名词；one:单数可数名词；that:不可数名词或句子；this:单数名词或句子；these/those:前句的复数名词。,39aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.vitamins(维生素)candehelpprotecteyesightandpromotedyehealth.a.eatyourgreens.d.stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.,topsentence,篇章结构,干扰项,小标题，简明,p.5:,_39_.,scheduleyearlyexams,p.4:,p.2:,p.3:,protectagainstuvrays.,giveyoureyesabreak.,frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledontcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.36moneyisatopicillsaveforanotherday.sotodayiwanttogive,yousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthemtimeyouspendinthekitchen.herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:（14年课标全国2）trynewthings.abilityiseasilyimproved.g.alittletimeplanningaheadcansamealotofworklateron.,干扰项,同词复现,topsentence,summary:七选五解题技巧3：,1）考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！,2）若考察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略,如果问题在段首通常是段落主题句。根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。如果问题在段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。,practicesafewearandcareofcantactlenses(隐形眼镜).manyamericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.f.alwaysfollowthedoctorsadviceforappropriatewear.g.thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasetheriskforeyetiredness.,topsentence,代词线索,转折关系,finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway._40_（15年北京）e.itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.f.daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.g.therefore,itsagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyoureinthedaydreamzone.,因果关系,过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：a,并列关系：first(ly),second(ly),.；first,then/next,.；inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace.;foronething,foranotherthing,.；then/next,finally/last等。b,递进关系：besidefurther,furthermore,moreover,whatsmore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not.but.,notonly.butalso等。c,解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等,summary:七选五解题技巧4（逻辑关系）：,d,因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果）,asaresult(of),so/such.that.,sothat.等e,转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等f,概况归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。,enhancingtheskillsbypracticing,conclusion,纯空格试题考点:连词,两个句子间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格填_。分析句子结构,由句子之间的逻辑关系来决定是_还是_；分清主句与从句,弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定是_、_还是_.,连词,并列连词,从属连词,定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句,practicemakesperfect!,fillintheblank,七选五高考题型,给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有7个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。,考试题型,考察重点,主要考察考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）,七选五解题技巧,方法,看文章结构找关键词找逻辑关系排除法,step1structure文章结构,beaninventorthebiggestsecretaboutinventingisthatanybodycandoit!perhapsthissoundscrazy,butitstrue.maybeyouhavethewrongideaaboutinventing,soreadontodiscoverthetruth.,whattoexpectathighschoolareyousuperworriedaboutwhattoexpectathighschool?well,guesswhat?everyoneis!thefollowingtipswillhelpguideyousafelythroughyourfirstday!,springpicnicwithspringinfullswing,theresnobetterwaytocelebratetheseasonthanwithapicnic.,大标题,大标题短小精悍，大写,1,小标题短小精悍，结构一致,beontimewhenmeetingsomeonefor.introduceyourselfandaskfornamesmakesureyouproperly.smile!itstheeasiestwaytoletsomeoneknowthatyourenice!befun!listen!,小标题,2,smile!itstheeasiestwaytoletsomeoneknowthatyourenice!befun!listen!_askpeoplewhotakeclasseswithyourquestionsaboutwhattheystudytoday.a.change!b.askaquestion!c.classworkisagreaticebreaker.d.say“hello”andseewhathappens.e.anddontjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime.f.eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile.g.weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.,b,2,befun!,_thinkaboutthepeopleyoumostenjoybeingwithusuallytheyarealwaysontheupandup.beingfunmakespeoplehappyandbrightensthewaytheythinkofyou.itmakesyouseemlikeyoutrulylovelifeandyoucandealwithanyproblemsthatyouhavetoface.change!askaquestion!classworkisagreaticebreaker.say“hello”andseewhathappens.anddontjusttalkaboutyourselfallthetime.eventheshyestpersoncanmanagealittlesmile.weallpreferspendingtimewithpeoplewhomakeusfeelhappy.,g,段首概括文段，与小标题相呼应。,3,howfastcanahomeremodeling(改造)projectbecompleted?_atleast,thatsthetimerequirementofthepopulartvshowcalledtradingspaces.about48hours.wow!thatsgreat!butyoudidntseethatontheshow.theylovedredecoratingtheirneighborsplace.itsometimestakesseveralmonthstoremodelahome.butonecoupleinportland,oregon,hatedtheirnewroom.thepeoplewhoappearontheshowareactorsandtheyenjoytheexperience.,4,a,段中承上启下,theyworkalotmore.almosteveryextremelysuccessfulpersonworksmorehoursthantheaveragepersonalotmore.theyhavelonglistsofthingstheywanttogetdone._theyavoidthecrowds.theyarenevertooproud.decidewhereyouwanttoendup.sotheyhavetoputinlotsoftime.keepinmindsellingisntcontrolling.successfulpeopledonttrytowinjustonerace.butyoullworkalotharderifthereisnootherchoice.,5,d,段尾总结，承上启下,小结一structure文章结构,大标题小标题段首段中段尾,1,5,4,3,2,step2keywords关键词,1,beforeyoushakehandswithsomebody,makesurethatyourhandsareclean.thehandshakeshouldnotbetoostrongorweak.mostpeopleusetheirrighthands,unlesstheyhaveareasontousetheleft._itcouldbeasimilartasteinclothesoracommonhobby.youllbeinserioustroubleifyouleavethemwithabadimpression.however,donthaveyourlefthandinyourpocketsbecausethisappearsimpolite.,c,同词重复,2,abirthdaysurprisenathanwokeupearlyandracedintothekitchen.hesawhisfamilypreparingtheirbreakfastjustlikeeveryotherday._wherewashisbirthdaycake?didhisfamilyforgethisspecialday?andtherewasnobody.wherewerehisbirthdaypresents?allhesawwasanotnotheground.,b,同构复现,3-4,dontforgettowearahelmet(头盔)whetheryoureabeginneroranexpert,youregoingtofall,andsometimesyouregoingtofallhard.“iwentdowntoonerunthatwasprettyhard,”nate,askiinglearner,says,“_3”youdonthavetobuyalotofexpensiveandnewgear(装备)someskierswhoownednicewinterjacketscouldntgoonthetrip.4“ihaveaneighborwholetmeborrowsomeofhisgear.thatwasveryhelpful,”says13-year-oldmattrizer.dontworryaboutfalling.ifeltlikeiwaslearningprettyquickly.ifelldownandiwasgladiwaswearingahelmet.dontthinkthatyouskiwellenoughnottowearahelmet.sotheylenttheirclothestootherskiers.,c,e,同畴词,同构词,同构词,fallfell（不同时态）beautybeautifulactaction（不同词性）materoommatepolicepoliceman（相同词根）,同畴词（畴：范畴）,jacket(夹克)clothes(衣服)夹克是衣服中的一种。如：fruit：apple,orange,bananafurniture(家具)：bed,table,armchairsports:running,swimming,jumping,类别,具体,5,sometimeskidsaregladtoheara“no”fromtheirparents._therearetwotypesofparentslove.itseemsahappyfeelingtogetoutofparentscontrol.,近义词,b,whenwechangeourjobsorschools,itoftenleavesuswithoutafriend._butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.,6,a,反义词,小结三keywords关键词,同词重复同构复现（相同句型结构，相同词不同结构）同畴词近义词反义词,tip:就近原则,step3logicalrelationship逻辑关系,1._however,therealmoviecapitalismumbai(孟买市),inindia.a.sometimestheyevenwritethescriptbyhand.b.mostpeoplethinkthecapitalofthemovieishollywood,intheusa.,b,转折,2._thisisbecausesomepeoplehavecertainqualities,whichothersdonot.a.somepeoplesucceed,whileothersmaynot.b.asthefamoussayinggoes,“nopains,nogains.”,a,因果,3._intheotherwords,whenyouareinlovewithsomeone,youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson.a.anotherproverbsays“loveisblind.”b.proverbsarefoundinmostculturesandareoftenveryold.,a,解释,4.takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways._second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.a.youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.b.first,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandremember.,b,并列（顺序）,小结三logicalrelationship逻辑关系,转折因果解释并列（顺序）,常见的逻辑关系词并列：also,too,then,and,aswellas,notonlybutalso,first,second,firstly,next,foronething,foranotherthing,eitheror,neithernor因果：for,because,becauseof,such,since,as,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,asaresult,consequently,so,转折：however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise,but,while.解释：infact,actually,forexample,inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatistosay.,递进：further,furthermore,moreover,whatsmore,besides,inaddition,notonlybutalso,step4排除法,(市一模)focusonwhatyoulovetodotogether.thegiftyouchooseshouldtellastorythinkabouttheirinterestsandhobbies.thegiftyouchooseshouldbesomethingthatisclosetohisorherheart_38_youwillwanttostriketherightbalancebetweenagiftthatispopularbutalsouniquetothemcheckoutwhatishot.staywithinyourbudget.so,canyoufindthemasagiftthatismemorableandyetpracticalenoughtobeuseddaily?,排除法与其他方法相结合,letsreview回顾,methods方法steps步骤,letstry!,tipsforcookingonatightschedule（14年全国卷）frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledontcookmoreof