八年级下英语词语辨析.doc

.record(1)record作名词，表示“记录”This is a record of school attendance. 这是一份学生考勤记录。He kept a record of what the speaker sail. 他把说话人所说的话都记录了下来。(2)record作名词还可表示“有关某人或某物过去的已知事实;档案记录”。He has an honorable record of service.他有光荣的服务记录。(3)record作动词，表示“写出以作参考、记录”。例如：The tape recorder has recorded his voice录音机已经录下了他的声音。Listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says. 仔细听讲，然后记下他所说的话。2. have been to表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。如：He has been to England. 他曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你到过长城吗?(现在已经不在长城上)have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。如：He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)3. timen. U 时间，时候如：Time never stands still.时间不会停滞不前。The time has come for us to speak out是我们大胆讲话的时候了。n. C 一段时间，时刻如：You have taken a long time writing the letter.你用了很长时间写这封信。We had a good time together.我们一起度过了愉快的时光。n. (多用复数)时代如：He is one of the best actors in modern times.他是现代最好的演员之一。In Shakespeares time there were no actresses on the English stage.莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。n. 次;倍如：This is the first time that I have ever been abroad.这真是我第一次出国。Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房间是我的三倍大。注意：作“倍，次”，必须用于“三次(倍)”以上，一、二次(倍)用once，twice表示。4. attract(1)用作及物动词，可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。The noise attracted his attention.喧嚷声引起了他的注意。(2)attract常用于be attracted to sb / sth结构，意为“喜爱某人或某物”。Im very attracted to her.我非常喜欢她。5. discover(1)作“发现”讲时，作及物动词，后跟名词作宾语，指的是那些原来已存在的，但不为人知的物或事等They discovered him stealing public property.他们发现他盗窃公共财产。Who discovered the America?谁发现了美洲?(2)discover还可意为“知道事实，答案”I soon discovered the truth.不久我便知道了真相。6. onethe other表示“(两者中的)一个另一个”，该短语是代词短语，强调两个当中的一个另一个。注意其基数必须是两个。I have two sister. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.我有两个姐姐，一个是医生，一个是老师。Hold it in this hand，not the other. 用这只手握着，不要用那只手。7. for example表示“例如”，该短语常用在句中作插入语，用于举例说明情况，可放在句首、句中或句末，但常用逗号与正文隔开。常置于句首。We feed many animals，for example，cows，pigs，dogs，horses etc.我们喂养很多的动物，例如奶牛、猪、狗、马等等。For example，Jack Booth，a 21-year-old man，gave up his job in San Francisco Library a year ago.例如，21岁的杰克布斯在一年前放弃了他在旧金山图书馆的工作。For example，I know the film star Zhang Ziyi. 譬如，我认识电影明星章子怡。8. mean(1)mean作及物动词，意为“意思是，意味着”。What does this word mean?这个单词是什么意思?(2)mean意为“意思是”，还可跟that引导的宾语从句。例如：The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in class.老师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。(3)mean还可意为“意味着”，后跟动名词作宾语。What he said means sending you to the hospital.他说的话得意思着要送你去医院。(4)mean还可意为“打算，意图”，后跟动词不定式作宾语。例如：I dont mean to hurt you.我并无意伤害你。What do you mean to do next?你下一步打算做什么?9. own(1)own意为“自己的，特有的”，常与名词所有格连用，起加强语气的作用。Its nice if I can have my own room.我要是能有自己的房间就好了。(2)own作代词，意为“属于某人之物”，相当于一个名词性物主代词。Those books belong to the library but this is my own.那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。(3)own还可作动词，表示“拥有，有”。We dont rent our house; we own it.我们的房子不是租的，是我们自己的。(4)own作动词，还可表示“承认，自白”。He owned to have done it.他承认曾经干过这件事。10. ask for表示“要求，请求”。Bill did a lot for me without asking for any reward比尔为我做了许多事，没要任何报酬。Dont serve water at meals unless someone asks for it.除非有人要，就餐时不要端水上去。Ive asked for an interview with the manager.我已请求与经理见面。If you get into difficulties，dont hesitate to ask for advice.如果你陷入困境，应立即去请求建议。If I had asked for direction，I wouldnt have lost my way.我要问一问方向的话，就不会迷路了。【重点句式】1. 你曾经去过水族馆吗?_ you ever _ _ an aquarium?2. 我们从没去过水上公园。We _ _ been to a water park.3. 我们大多数人很可能都听说过Mickey Mouse. _ of us _ probably _ _ Mickey Mouse.4. 过山车是以迪斯尼人物为主题的。The roller coaster _ _ _ Disney character.5. 你可以看到迪斯尼人物一直在迪斯尼乐园里到处走。You can _ Disney characters _ _Disneyland _ _ _.6. 你可以在船上兜风好几天,你可以在船上睡和吃。 You can _ _ _ on the boat _ several days， and you can sleep and eat _ _.7. 船的旅行都走不同的路线，但是他们都在同一个地方结束。The boat rides all _ _ _, but they all _ _ in the same place.8. 在迪斯尼乐园就是有这么都的乐趣。 It is just _ _ _ in Disneyland.9. 学习另外一门语言很有趣。_ fun _ _ another language.10. 欢迎到我们班级来。_ _ our class!11. 当我是个小女孩的时候，我所有曾经想要做的事就是旅行。When I was a young girl, _ I ever wanted to do was _.12. 我决定最好的做这个的方法是成为空中乘务员。I decided that _ _ _ to do this was _ _ a flight attendant.13. 是因为我会讲英语所以我得到了这个工作。_ _ because I could speak English _ I got the job.14. 我已经开始在这个学校上课了。I _ started _ _ at this school.15. 也许当我毕业时我将考虑成为一名英语老师而不是一名导游。Maybe when I _ Ill _ _ _ an English _ _ a tour guide.16. 这个在东南亚的小岛是一个度假的好地方。This small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place _ _ _ _.17. 它也是一个练习你的英语的好地方。Its also a good place _ _ your English.18. 如果你感到勇敢，新加坡是一个尝试新食物的好地方。If you are feeling _, Singapore is an excellent place _ _ new food.19. 超过四分之三的人口是中国人。_ than _ _ of the population are Chinese.20. 你将不会有任何问题找到米饭、面条和水饺。You wont _ any _ _ rice, noodles, or dumplings.21. 在天黑的时候去动物园也许看起来很奇怪。It might _ strange _ go to the zoo when its dark.22. 它的气温一整年几乎都是一样。The temperature is _ the same _ _ _.23. 你可以选择在你喜欢的任何时候去。You can choose _ go _ you like.【交际用语】1.- Have you ever been to an amusement park?- Yes, I have./ No, I havent.2.- I have ever been to a zoo. - I have never been to a space museum.- So have I. = Me, too. - Neither have I .= Me neither.下载目标八年级下册英语知识点总结：Unit1 Will people have robots【重点词语】1.paper n 纸，报纸，试卷，论文a piece of paper 一张纸What do the paper say?报纸上怎么说?a morning (an evening) paper 晨(晚)报a term paper 学术论文look over examination paper 阅卷2.pollution n. 污染，(pollute，vt. 污染)air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染environmental pollution环境污染3.in prep.(1)在里面，在之内in the room 在房间里in class 在课堂上(2)在(某段时间)之间in the morning 在早上in the past 在过去Ill come back in a day or two我过一两天就会回来【注】 in，after，later 接时间段，都可表示“(一段时间)之后”，它们有什么区别呢?“in+一段时间”指“(将来的)一段时间之后”。What will you be in five years?五年之后你干什么?Well start off in ten minutes.我们十分钟后出发。“after+一段时间”或“一段时间+later”表示“(在过去某个时间看来)一段时间之后”。He went home after two days.他两天后回家了。Three years later，she had a baby.三年后，她生了一个婴儿。4.less adj. 较少的;少量的(little的比较级)They buy less beer and fewer cigarettes now现在他们买的啤酒和香烟比以前少了。注 fewer 也表示较少的，少量的. 但less和fewer有区别less 一般修饰不可数名词. fewer 修饰可数名词.Today，fewer people like smoking.今天，喜欢吸烟的人少了。Our leisure time is less and less.我们的闲暇时间越来越少了。5.besides prep. 而且;再者;还有(区别于 beside “在旁边;在附近”)I sit beside John.我坐在约翰旁边。He tried two ways besides.他另外还试了两种方法。6.go swimming 去游泳类似的短语还有：go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼go shopping 去买东西 go hiking 去远足7.bo on vacation 度假Where will go be on vacation?你将去哪儿度假8.In ten years 十年后Ill be a reporter in ten years.十年后我会是一个记者Ill be a hero in ten years.十年后我又是一条好汉.9.fall in love with 爱上fall in love with a girl 爱上一个女孩fall in love with a country 爱上一个国家注 fall 是“陷入”的意思. 它与feel(感觉)很像。fallfellfallenfeelfeltfelt.10.alone adj.(只作表语) adv. 独自;单独He was alone in the house他一个人在屋里I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely.我独自去看电影了，我觉得很孤独【注】 alone表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语与lonely不同，lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如:a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.11.keep vt.& vi.keep 有好几个意思，在本课中做“饲养;喂养”讲，相当于feed。keep a pet parrot 养一只宠物鹦鹉feed a cat with fish 给猫喂鱼(1)保住;保留：Ill try my best to keep my job. 我要尽力保住我的工作。(2)保守(秘密)：keep a secret(这对我来说可是太难了)(3)保持(某状态)：Keep silent! 保持沉默!Keep top side up! 请勿倒放!(“保持上方朝上”不就是“请勿倒放”吗?)(4)继续;持续：They kept walking. 他们继续步行。Section A【固定短语】1. stay at home 呆在家里2. go skating去滑冰(go+Ving表从事某项运动,eg:go fishing, go swimming)3. move to 搬到某地4. in five years 在五年之内(in+段时间用于将来时态中,如把in+段时间划线用how soon提问)5. on computer 用电脑6. be free 有空7. two pieces of paper两张纸(不可数名词paper,bread等要表达复数意思,只须在前面的量词后加复数即可.)【重点句型】1. There will be less pollution.(there be结构表某地某物, there be 句型中不能有have存在.下周,这将举行一场运动会.1) 这个城市将有更少的污染,更多的树.2) 这将有更少的人,不是吗?2. Kids will not go to school.1) 将来我们将在家用电脑学习.2) 将来每个人都会有空.3) 明天你会来吗?3. I donot think there will be more pollution in the future.你认为将来在人们的家中会有机器人吗?Section B【固定短语】1. live in an apartment 住在公寓里2. will be a/an 成为-人3. take a train to school 乘火车去上学(taketo. 乘去地.)4. in the daytime 在白天5. on the weekend 在周末6. fall in love with(fall-fell) 爱上某人7. be able to do sth =can do sth能够8. on vacation渡假9. keep a pet 养宠物【重点句型】1. I think I will meet lots of interesting people (本单元谓语动词是think的句子是重点,分别找出.)我不认为他能成为歌手.2. One day I might even visit Australia.(might在此处为或许可能之意,是个情态动词.)3. I hink I will live in an apartment with my best friends because I do not like living alone.(with sb和某人,在句中做伴随状语;alone带有感情色彩,表内心的孤独,lonely不带有感情色彩,只表独自,单独.)Self check【固定短语】1. come ture 实现2. want to do sth = ould like to do sth 想要去做某事3. make sb do sth 让某人做某事4. in the future 将来5. help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人6. hundreds of (hundred 后加s就一定要加of)7. try to do sth 尽力做某事8. some others 一些,其余的一些将来看起来像人,而其他的或许像蛇.9. Youd better do sth 你最好做某事10. wake sb up 叫醒某人【重点句型】1. Its + adj +for + sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是的. (可用的形容词有easy, difficult, important等,)1) 完成这项工作太困难了,对于我们来说.2) 做这道题太简单了对于他来说.2. the same as 和 一样3. too + adj +to do sth 太而不能1) 这个箱子太重了,以致于这个小男孩不能搬动它.2) 这杯水太烫了,以致于我不能喝它.4. It takes sb sometime to do sth走到家花了我十分钟.Sb spend sometime /money on sth / (in可省略)doing sth )他花了50元在这件衬衫上。我用了三天时间去完成这项工作。Sb pay money / time for sth李力买这个绿色背包用了39美元。It cost sb some mokey这双鞋花我80元。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?其时间状语有如下几种 1)this引导的短语 如 this year 2)tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3)next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。【语法小结】一、一般将来时1.用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner.We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.2.用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter?How long is he going to stay here?I am going to book a ticket.另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。You will feel better after taking this medicine.Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图.I will not lend the book to you.Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?二、There be结构1. therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口?There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3. 在therebe引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。4、There is no doing.(口语)不可能.There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。新目标八年级下册英语知识点总结：Unit2 What should I do【重点词汇】1. play v. 播放2. loud adj. 高声的;大声的3. argue v. 争论，争吵4. wrong adj. 错误的;有毛病的;不适合的5. could v. can的过去式6. ticket n. 票，入场券7. surprise v. 使惊奇;使意外8. other adj. 任一的;(两方中的)每一方的9. except prep. 除;把除外10. fail v. 失败11. football n. 足球12. until prep. 到为止13. fit v. 适合，适应14. include v. 包括;包含15. send v. 发送，寄16. themselves pron.他们自己(反身代词)【重点词组】1. keep out不让进入2. out of style不时髦的;过时的3. call sb. up打电话给4. pay for付款5. ask for要求6. the same as与同样的7. in style时髦的;流行的8. get on相处;进展9. as much as possible尽可能多10. all kinds of各种;许多11. on the one hand, (在)一方面，12. on the other hand, 另一方面，【重点句型】1. What should I do? 我应该怎么做?2. You could write him a letter.你可以写信给他。3. What should he do? 他应该怎么做?4. Maybe he should say hes sorry.也许他应该说抱歉。5. What should they do?他们应该怎么做?6. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵。【重点语法】情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为“应该”。should(应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。在这个单元中我们还学到用“could”表示建议，这时could不是can的过去式，而表示比should更加委婉的建议。- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother.【知识点讲解】1. I dont have enough money.我没有足够的钱。enough：adj.充足的、充分的，在句子中可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语。eg. Do you have enough time? Six pieces of paper will be enough.2. I argued with my best friend.我与我最好的朋友吵架了。argue with sb.意为“与争吵，争论”eg. He often argue with his classmates.3. My clothes are out of style.我的衣服过时了。be out of style / fashion表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”反义词是“be in fashion”表示“合乎时尚”eg. He is aways in fashion.The sofa is out of style, and I dont like it.4. Maybe you should call him up.(1)maybe是副词，用来表示推测，译为“也许，或许，大概”。eg. Maybe you are right.Maybe they will go out for a walk.maybe不同于may be。maybe是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后接形容词、名词、代词等。eg. It may be true.He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call up sb.打电话给某人eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight oclock.原句中him为代词，所以放在call和up之间，不能说成call up him。eg. Ill call her up this afternoon.Could you ask him to call me, please.在这个句子中，省略up。5. I dont want to surprise him.我不想使他惊讶。在这句话中surprise是个行为动词，可以说成“surprise sb.”，表示“使惊讶”。eg. The news surprises us greatly.surprised adj.惊讶的surprising adj.令人惊讶的eg. Im surprised to hear the news.Its a surprising gift, and I love it.6. No, he doesnt have any money, either.不，他也没有钱。either的用法：用作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示“也”，“而且”。eg. He doesnt like singing, and he doesnt like dancing, either.either用作代词时，常表示“两者之中任何一个”，常与短语连用或用作宾语。eg. Either of them will agree with you.I dont like either of the books.【重难点分析】情态动词(Modal Verbs )* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must (常用had to来代替)二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：1. He cant be at home. (否定句)他不可能在家。2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)这消息可能是真的吗?3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。(3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。(5)must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3. Mustnt there be a mistake? (mustnt 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗?2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客气请求)请问到邮局怎么走?2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的地址，好吗?(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。(5)must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。2. All of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must n