王媛媛 Ezra Pound.ppt

contents,lifehismajorworksfamousworksinfluencefactorsonpoundandhisinfluenceontheworld,thelifeofpoundborninhailey,idahogrewupandwaseducatedmainlyinpennsylvania.in1901attheageof15,heenteredtheuniversityofpennsylvaniatwoyearslater,transferredtohamiltoncollege,theuniversityofpennsylvania,hamiltoncollege,in1908hemovedtoeurope,livingfirstinvenicebuteventuallysettlinginlondon.poundself-publishedalumespento灯火熄灭之时,hisfirstpublishedcollectionofshortpoems,whilelivinginvenice.intheyearsbeforetheworldwari,poundwaslargelyresponsiblefortheappearanceofimagism（意象主义）,andcoinedthenameofthemovementvorticism（漩涡派）,ezramarriedtheartistdorothyshakespearin1914.,in1920,hemovestoparis,thensettledinitalyin1924.duringthesecondworldwar,heleanedinthedirectionofmussolinisfascisttotalitarianism（极权主义）havingmadeanti-americanradiobroadcasts,hewasarrestedasatraitor（叛国者）in1945.senttotheus,wherehewasdeemedmentallyunfittostandtrialfortreason.,poundwasconfinedfor12yearsinahospital(actuallyprison)forthecriminallyinsaneinwashington.duringthistimehetranslatedworksofancientgreekandancientchineseliterature.whileinprison,hewasawardedaprestigiouspoetryprizein1949forhislastcantos.,in1958hereturnedtoitaly,wherehecontinuedtowriteandmaketranslationsuntilhediedin1972.,imagism,thedoctrineandpoeticpracticeofasmallbutinfluentialgroupofamericanandbritishpoetscallingthemselvesimagistsbetween1909-1917.ledatfirstbyezrapound,thenafterhisdefectiontovorticismbyamylowell.,imagismischaracterizedbythe3principles:i.directtreatmentof“thething”,whethersubjectiveorobjectiveii.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentationiii.asregardsrhythm,tocomposedinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofametronome,inastationofthemetro,庞德最著名的作品，要属意象派名作在地铁站内：inastationofthemetrotheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;petalsonawet,blackbough.这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。（飞白）,人潮中这些面容的忽现；湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。（罗池）人群中幻影般浮现的脸潮湿的，黑色树枝上的花瓣（钟鲲）人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。（余光中）人群里这些脸忽然闪现；花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。（流沙河）,在地铁站内仅两行、14个字，是一首单一意象诗（one-imagepoem）。它是庞德根据在巴黎协和广场地铁站的印象写成的。诗虽短，但诗人最后落笔定稿前经过相当一段时间的酝酿和推敲。,在地铁站庞德眼前闪过一张张美丽的脸。在归途中，这些脸在他眼前反复出现，直到最后他们逐渐变成了一片片彩色印花色底。这时他产生了一个念头，要作出一幅纯粹表现色彩的斑斑点点的非写实主义的画，但他不会作画，只能以诗代之。诗的两行互相依存。apparition是幻象、幽灵，使人们联想到来来往往的乘客的一张张脸。第二行的petal花瓣则传递了美的信息。这一信息由于有深色而又带湿气的树枝的反衬而变得突出鲜明了，同时也给人以模糊重叠之感，意境也就更丰满了。,hismajorworks,alumespento(1908)灯火熄灭之时personea(1909)人物thespiritofromance(1910)精神浪漫史cathay(1915)神州集homagetosextusproperties(1919)向赛克斯特斯普罗波蒂斯致敬hughselwynmauberley(1920)休赛尔温毛伯利cantos(1917-1969)诗章,cantos诗章,along,incompletepoemin120sections,eachofwhichisacanto.mostofitwaswrittenbetween1915and1962,althoughmuchoftheearlyworkwasabandonedandtheearlycantos,asfinallypublished,datefrom1922onwards.thecantoscanappearonfirstreadingtobechaoticorstructurelessbecauseitlacksplotoradefiniteending.,itisabook-lengthwork,widelyconsideredtopresentformidabledifficultiestothereader.strongclaimshavebeenmadeforitasthemostsignificantworkofmodernistpoetryofthetwentiethcentury.asinpoundsprosewriting,thethemesofeconomics,governance,andcultureareintegraltoitscontent.,thecantoshasalwaysbeencontroversial;initiallysobecauseoftheexperimentalnatureofthewriting.thecontroversyhasintensifiedsince1940whenpoundspublicapprovalformussolinisfascismbecamewidelyknown.,诗章简介,庞德主要的诗作是一部长诗，以“诗章”的形式分批发表，自1917年开始，直至1959年。1969年他又发表未完成的片断。全诗共包括109首“诗章”及8首未完成的草稿。据庞德说他从1904年就开始计划写一首现代史诗，包括世界文学、艺术、建筑、神话、经济学、历史名人传等方面的内容，以反映人类的成就，并描绘一个由一些思想正确、有行动能力的人物所领导的美好的文化。这部长诗晦涩难读，而且涉及16世纪的意大利建筑、普罗旺斯的诗歌、孔子哲学、中古的经济史等。长诗第1至7章是关于诗的构思及主题。8至11章是写一位威尼斯军人及艺术庇护人西吉斯门多马拉特斯塔。12至13章是将现代的经济与孔子道德哲学所向往的社会秩序相对比。14至16章是以现代伦敦为背景，描写地狱的一条通道，它通向中古时期的威尼斯，这是诗人心目中的天堂的象征。,庞德还在长诗里写了他爱慕的几位美国总统31至33章是关于杰弗逊，34章是关于约翰昆西亚当斯，37章写马丁范布伦，62至71章写约翰亚当斯。庞德对墨索里尼的经济政策、文化艺术政策十分欣赏，认为他是当时最好的领袖，因此他的第41章长诗专写墨索里尼。52至61章是写中国孔子的哲学、伦理及其所追求的和平、昌盛的社会秩序。庞德在长诗中还攻击了高利贷剥削，认为金融界及政府对财富、货币的错误控制是战争的根源。长诗中突出的一部分是当庞德被监禁在比萨俘虏营中所写的比萨诗章。这部作品在1948年获得博林根诗奖，当时庞德还是一个战犯,在医院中等候审讯,这个决定引起很大的争论。比萨诗章描写一次穿过“灵魂的黑夜”走向爱之女神的过程。庞德的诗学对现代英美诗歌的发展具有重大的作用。20世纪初，他通过对意象派诗的支持，对传统的诗学进行了冲击。,theinfluencesofcantos,despiteallthecontroversysurroundingbothpoemandpoet,thecantoshasbeeninfluentialinthedevelopmentofenglish-languagelongpoemssincetheappearanceoftheearlysectionsduringthe1920s.,ezrapound艾兹拉庞德isinfluencedby,homerdanteancientchina,homer,alegendaryancientgreekepicpoet,andtheauthoroftheepicpoemstheiliadandtheodyssey,poundowesheavilytohomer,hismajorpoemsoftentaketheformofvoyagehisherohasalwaysbeenanodysseusfigurethenarratorofhughselwynmauberleyisodysseus-poundthesubstructureofthecantosishomeric,theinfluenceofdante,dante,wasanitalianpoetofthemiddleages.initalyheisknownasthesupremepoetandisalsocalledthefatheroftheitalianlanguage.,poundsenthusiasmfordantewasunbounded.theinfluenceoftheitalianpoetismostevidentinthecantosdantesjourneythroughtherealmshaveparallelswithpoundexaminationofindividualexperiencesinthecantos.,ancientchina,thegreatestculturalinfluenceoverpoundcameperhapsfromancientchina,especiallyconfucius.theinfluenceofchinesecultureonezrapoundreflectedinhispoems,cathayandthecantos.,in1915,poundpublishedcathay,asmallvolumeofpoemsthathedescribedas“forthemostpartfromthechinesepoetlipo(李白）anditwasconsideredamongthemostbeautifulofhiswritings.1915年庞德发表了他根据东方学者芬诺洛萨的遗稿而译成的中国古诗英译本cathay,“theriver-merchantswife:aletter”(艾兹拉庞德根据李白的长干行译的英文）waspublishedin1915inezrapoundsthirdcollectionofpoetry,cathay,theriver-merchantswife:aletter,whilemyhairwasstillcutstraightacrossmyforeheadiplayedaboutthefrontgate,pullingflowers.youcamebyonbamboostilts,playinghorse,youwalkedaboutmyseat,playingwithblueplums.andwewentonlivinginthevillageofchokan:twosmallpeople,withoutdislikeorsuspicion.atforteenimarriedmylordyou.ineverlaughed,beingbashful.,妾发初覆额，折花门前剧。郎骑竹马来绕床弄青梅。同居长干里两小无嫌猜。十四为君妇，羞颜未尝开。,长干行(李白),loweringmyhead,ilookedatthewall.calledto,athousandtimes,ineverlookedback.atfifteenistoppedscowling,idesiredmydusttobemingledwithyoursforeverandforeverandforever.whyshouldiclimbthelookout?atsixteenyoudeparted,youwentintofarku-to-en,bytheriverofswirlingeddies,andyouhavebeengonefivemonths.themonkeysmakesorrowfulnoiseoverhead.,低头向暗壁，千唤不一回。十五始展眉，愿同尘与灰。常存抱柱信岂上望夫台！十六君远行瞿塘滟预堆。五月不可触猿鸣天上哀。,门前迟行迹，一一生绿苔。苔深不能扫，落叶秋风早。八月蝴蝶来，双飞西园草。感此伤妾心，坐愁红颜老。早晚下三巴，预将书报家。相迎不道远，直至长风沙。,youdraggedyourfeetwhenyouwentout.bythegatenow,themossisgrown,thedifferentmosses,toodeeptoclearthemaway!theleavesfallearlythisautumn,inwin