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膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅膁蚈薇肁肇蚇螀袄蒆蚆袂腿莁蚅羄羂芇蚄蚄膇膃蚄螆羀蒂螃袈膆莈螂羁罿芄螁蚀膄膀莈袃羇膆莇羅节蒅莆蚅肅莁莅螇芁芇莄衿肃膃莃羂袆蒁蒂蚁肂莇蒂螄袅芃蒁羆肀艿蒀蚆羃膅葿螈膈蒄蒈袀羁莀蒇羃膇芆蒆蚂罿膂薆螄膅肈薅袇羈莆薄蚆膃莂薃蝿肆芈薂袁芁膄薁羃肄蒃薀蚃袇荿蚀螅肃芅虿袈袅 小综合：虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）、倒装（inversion） 编制/by:许兴波 使用：清北班 日期：2013年5月5日一、虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)虚拟语气表示说话人的难以实现的愿望或假设，或者表达建议，命令，劝告等语气，和从句的时间分别进行分析，从而确定主从句谓语动词各自的正确形式。 1) if you had taken his advice, you wouldnt be in such a big trouble now.2) if i had finished my homework yesterday, i would go out with you tomorrow. 不表示客观事实。虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的词性变换来实现的。i. 带if条件句的虚拟语气 1 if条件从句谓语动词形式2 主句谓语动词形式 3 需要注意的几点重要问题 1)should通常只用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。有时候也可用might, could。2) 一般情况下，主从句所指的时间是一致的，但有时候也可能不一致，这时候应对主句 3) 当if条件句中含有were, had, should的时候，可以省略if，并将were, had, 或should移到句首形成倒装，句子的其余部分保持不变。1)had she got more money, she would have finished his ma study. 2) should there be a meeting tomorrow, i would come. 3) were i in school again, i would work harder.4) were i to meet him tomorrow, i should ask him about the result.ii. 含蓄条件句有些条件句中并不出现if，而是使用介词短语（but for; with; without等）或是连接词（but; but that; or; otherwise等），此时并不是全句都需要使用虚拟语气，要根据具体的句意来确定句子应该使用虚拟语气的部分，并按照含有if条件句虚拟语气的主句谓语动词变换规则进行动词变换。1) （主句与现在事实相反） 2) （主句与现在事实相反）3) （主句与过去事实相） 4) i would have given you very busy. (主句用虚拟语气，but分句用陈述语气)5) . (主句用虚拟语气；but that分句用陈述语气)6) she eats too much every day主句用陈述语气；or分句用虚1 小综合：虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）、倒装（inversion） 编制/by:许兴波 使用：清北班 日期：2013年5月5日拟语气)7) i was busy主句用陈述语气；otherwise分句用虚拟语气)词常用的有：suggest (suggestion), require (requirement), order(order), insist (insistence), advise (advice), propose (proposal), command (command), demand (demand), request (request), desire (desire)等。下面以suggest为例，分别举例说明在这四种从句中的具体使用。iii. 虚拟语气在其他从句或句型结构中的运用1 it is (high；about) time (that) 是该。的时候了that引导的从句中的谓语动词多用过去式或过去进行时，或者是should; could + do (should; could不能省略)1) it is high time that we left.2) it is about we should take further actions.2 would rather | would just as soon + that (宁愿。)that从句谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来；用过去完成时表示过去。注意would有时候会被缩写为d。1) i would rather you paid me now.2) i would rather you painted the wall next time. 3) i would rather you had not done that.3 if it were not for 如果没有。 if it had not been for 如果当时没有在if it were not for中，主句谓语动词用should; would + do在if it had not been for中，逐句谓语动词用should; would have + done 1) if it were not for the rain, the crops should die.2) if it had not been for your help, i would have failed.4 在表示要求，建议，命令等的主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句中在上述四种从句中，从句的谓语动词要采用 (should) + do。引起这类意思的从句的动1) 2) 3) 4) he suggests that the meeting should be postponed. it is suggested that the meeting should be postponed.the suggestion that the meeting should be postponed was rejected. his suggestion is that the meeting should be postponed.另外，在此种情况下的主语从句中，还应该注意下列结构： it is necessary that (should) do此处和necessary用法相似的形容词还有important; natural; desirable; advisable; strange; urgent; preferable等。it is a pity that (should) do 此处和pity用法相似的形容词还有shame; wonder等。5 在wish（。就好了/但愿。）; if only （。就好了）; as if/though（好像/似乎）引导的从句中这类词引导的从句的谓语动词都不受主句时态的影响，遵循下面的规则：2) 3) 4) 5)2 i wish i had taken that exam. i wish you could go with me. it looks as if it might rain.he talked about mike as if he had known him before.小综合：虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）、倒装（inversion） 编制/by:许兴波 使用：清北班 日期：2013年5月5日6) if only i were a bird.7) if only i had taken his advice. 6 在even if; what if; imagine引导的从句中从句谓语动词变化规则同if条件句的变化规则。 1) even if he were wrong, you should not treat him like that. 2) what if you came tomorrow instead of today? 3) that was nice, but what if you had not finished it? 4)imagine that we were on a lonely island.注：区分even if和even thougheven if he were thirty, he would behave like a kid. even though he is thirty, he still behaves like a kid.even if he would get all a record, he might fail to get the job. even though he got all a record, he failed to get the job. 7 在in case万一；lest以免；for feat that 恐怕引导的从句中在这些从句当中，谓语动词应该用should + do1) he took his raincoat in case it should rain.2) she put a blanket over the baby for feat that he should catch cold. 3) he tiptoed lest he should wake up the baby.8 用had wanted | had hoped | had expected等引起的从句中表示原来希望做到而实际上未能做到的事情，其宾语从句谓语动词用would do。 1) i had hoped that i had called you last night.2) i had expected that i would go with you tomorrow.注：这类动词后面更多采用动词不定式作宾语，句意不变。如： 1) i had hoped to call you last night.2) i had expected to go with you tomorrow.9 由providing | provided (that); on condition that引导的从句中根据情况，可用虚拟语气，遵循if条件句谓语动词变换规则。1) provided they were given enough time, they would finish the work earlier. 2) they would not be in trouble on condition that they had taken my advice. iv. 情态动词 + have done此类结构是否属于虚拟语气的范畴，目前还没存在争议。但不管怎样，这种结构经常单独或者和上面谈到的虚拟语气一起出现在试题当中。故在此将此类用法做一总结。 1. would have done表示对已发生事情的可能猜测，多用于虚拟语气中。something must have happened on their way here. or they would have arrived by now. 2. may | might have done表示对已发生事情的可能猜测，一般与虚拟语气无关。i cannot find the recorder in the room. it may have been taken by somebody. 3. must have done表示对已发生事情的肯定的，把握性非常大的推测。since the road is wet and slippery this morning, it must have rained last night. 4. cant have done表示对已发生事情的把握性非常大的否定判断。是must have done的反义词。 you cant have seen her here yesterday; shes been out of town for two weeks. 5. could have done表示有能力做但实际上却并没有做一件事情。译为“本来可以。”i could have told him a lot about his familys past.注：was able to do表示有能力而且也成功的做了一件事情。如： i was able to tell him a lot about his familys past. 6. should have done | shouldnt have done表示应该做的事情没有做 | 不该做的事情却做了。 you should have checked the time before we start. you shouldnt have trusted him so easily. 7. neednt have done表示做了一些本来不必要做的事情。译为“本不必”。3小综合：虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）、倒装（inversion） 编制/by:许兴波 使用：清北班 日期：2013年5月5日you neednt have trusted him so well.虚拟语气的考点归纳如下：1. (should)+动词原形的情形2. if或but for等引导的条件句 3. wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。she insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。 he advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。when asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director. 真题重现【】the professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。 参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面(情形1)动词对应的名词he issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。 3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“it is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。it is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。 真题重现【】it is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 参考答案：(should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引导的条件句 he wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）i am sorry i am very busy just now. if i had time, i would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反） the conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）if it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, i should (would) stay at home. 与将来事实相反but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forbut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真题重现【】the victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time参考答案：would have survived【】but for mobile phone, _. 我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)参考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient. 【】1if you had _(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). 参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble. it is (high, about) time 句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。4小综合：虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）、倒装（inversion） 编制/by:许兴波 使用：清北班 日期：2013年5月5日its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气5. i suggested the person _ to be put into prison. a. refers b. referring c. referred d. refer6. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_. a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken7. i insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him. a. on him to go; should be b. he went; be c. he go; was d. he should to; is 8. -your aunt invites you to the movies today. -i had rather she _ me tomorrow than todaya. tells b. told c. would tell d. had toldi wish she were here.她在这里就好了。i wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。 i wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了） 9. -would you have called her up had it been possible. -yes, but i _busy doing my homeworka. was b. were c. had been d. would be 10. i was ill that day, otherwise i _ the sports meet. a. would have taken part in b. took part in c. had taken part in d. would take part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. a. had it not been for b. if it were not c. if it had not been for d. were it not for12. if my lawyer _here last sunday, he _ me from going. a. had been, would have prevented b. had been, would prevent c. were, prevent d. were