（英语语言文学专业论文）英汉政治公共演讲辞的主述位对比分析与翻译.pdf

iv 英汉政治公共演讲辞的主述位对比分析与翻译 研究生黎三妹 年级2 0 0 5 级 学科专业英语语言文学 指导老师唐高元 教授 研究方向翻译理论与实践 中 文 摘 要 关于用系统功能语法理论指导翻译实践当代语言学家已做了很多理论探讨促进了 翻译理论与实践的发展 事实已证明 halliday 的系统功能语法中的主述位理论和主位推进 理论的确可以指导语篇分析和翻译实践本论文意在应用此理论来探讨英汉语政治演讲辞 的对比分析与翻译问题halliday 功能语法中小句层面的主述位切分和danes 提出的主位 推进理论为本文提供了理论基础小句层面的主述位切分研究句子中不同成分在语言交际 中发挥的作用有何不同这一理论分析仅局限于小句范围内而主位推进理论则着重从语 篇入手指出在组句成篇的过程中每个句子之间不仅在语法和语义上相互联系还表现 在前后句子主位和主位述位和述位主位和述位的联系变化和发展从而层层推进构 成语篇 政治演讲辞作为一种独特的文学体裁 需要严谨的谋篇布局和具有感召力的语言 其讲演者在撰写讲演稿时往往会精心策化以便更有效地表达其政治观点吸引和感染听 众因此分析政治演讲辞源语语篇的主述位结构和主位推进模式可以帮助译者更加透彻 地理解讲演者的思路和布局谋篇机制 本文提出在英语政治演讲辞的翻译中译者应首先分析原文的主述位结构和主位推 进模式充分考虑原讲演者特定的谋篇意图和语言手段尽量保留原讲演稿的主述位结构 和主位推进模式如目的语中没有相应的表达方法时译者则应根据译入语的形态结构特 征重新构建目的语的主述位结构和主位推进模式但是在重构的过程中原语篇作者的强 调意义和语篇意图可能会受到不同程度的影响在这种情况下译者可借助程度副词等方法 来弥补由于转换而造成的损失 总而言之本文运用系统功能语法中的主述位理论对英汉政治演讲辞进行对比分析与 翻译主要目的不在于在理论上有任何突破而在于说明此理论对翻译英语政治演讲辞的 可行性与实用性而且希望本文能够引起翻译研究者对这个论题更为广泛的重视和兴趣 关键词主述位理论英汉政治演讲辞对比分析翻译 v theme-rheme theory in comparative analysis and translation of english and chinese political public speech postgraduate: li sanmei grade: 2005 major field of study: english language political public speech; comparative analysis; translation vi abbreviations epps english political public speech st source text tt target text sl source language tl target language t theme r rheme um unmarked theme mt marked theme vii list of tables table 2-1 group complex or phrases as theme in english 4 table 2-2 multiple theme in english 5 table 2-3 clauses as theme in english 5 table 2-4 marked and unmarked themes in english. 6 table 4-1 group complex or phrases as theme in chinese. 18 table 5-1 marked theme in i have a dream. 25 table 5-2 thematic progression of the two versions. 35 论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明所提交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果除文中 已经注明引用的内容外本论文不含其他个人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果对本文 的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明本人承担本声明的法律责任 研究生签名 日期 论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解广西师范大学有关保留使用学位论文的规定广西师范大学中国科学技术信息 研究所清华大学论文合作部有权保留本人所送交学位论文的复印件和电子文档可以采用影 印缩印或其他复制手段保存论文本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文的内容相一致除在保密期 内的保密论文外允许论文被查阅和借阅可以公布包括刊登论文的全部或部分内容论文 的公布包括刊登授权广西师范大学学位办办理 研究生签名 日期 导 师签名 日期 iii acknowledgements the present thesis is based on a case study. it is the first time for me, a beginner in the research of translation theory and practice, to conduct a research by means of case study. with help from my mentors, friends and family, the research goes smoothly. i, therefore, would like to first express my appreciation and thanks to my supervisor professor tang gaoyuan, for he has been providing me with generous help, continuous encouragement, creative guidance and constructive criticism which make me avoid taking a detour in my study and research. i will never forget that professor tang gaoyuan revised the first draft of the thesis for me word by word and sentence by sentence. i am very grateful to all of my teachers in the college of foreign studies, guangxi normal university. they have helped me to develop an interest in english language teaching and to acquire an understanding of many aspects of translation in my graduate studies. i also express my thanks to those teachers and friends who have helped me complete the empirical research. they include my good friend, zheng ronghua and guan xin, two postgraduates of college of foreign studies of guangxi normal university. my special thanks also go to my dearest family. in the three years of my graduate studies, they have offered constant support to me. without them, i would not have been able to accomplish so much over the past few years. finally, i am indebted to many friends in the field whose names do not appear here, but who will recognize the influence of their contributions in the pages of this paper. in a word, without all these peoples help and cooperation, i would not have completed the research. 1 chapter 1 introduction theme-rheme theory is an essential part of textual linguistics. its in the 1950s, after the achievement of text linguistics had been applied to the study of translation, that translation has entered a new field-translating on the text level. various linguists have in recent years contributed to the study of applying the theories of systemic functional grammar into translation practice. it has been proved that the thematic structure and thematic-progression theories play an important role in the text analysis and translation. theme and rheme were first put forward by czech linguist. mathesius in his article “on functional sentence perspective”. in the later language study, the systematic functional linguistic school, represented by halliday, develop this theory and classified theme further as well as had some new viewpoints. in the theme-rheme theory, there are two important terms: thematic structure and thematic progression, which contribute in large measure to the organization of text or discourse by providing a framework within which options by the writer or speaker are exercised, thus making the rendering exactly reflect the writers original intention. it plays an important role in analyzing and translating english and chinese political public speech, which involves much prior planning and attention to the dynamics of the situation and requires more attention to its strict logical thinking and skillful use of language to clearly put forward his standpoints and avocations, thus catch up the audiences attention. because of such features as strict logical thinking, well-knit structure and skillful use of language of political public speech, the analysis and translation of political public speech can do a great help in our writing, communication skill and even promote the international communication. the author, thus, ventures to analyze and compare chinese and english political public speaking by adopting theme-rheme theory, and then put forward some translation strategies that in the translation of english political public speech, the translator should first, analyze thematic structure and thematic progression of st and have a better understanding of its method of development, take full account on the original speakers intended textual meaning and language devices; and in the process of translation, one needs to maintain the original thematic structure and progression, or adjust certain features of st organization in line with preferred ways of organizing text in the tl, thus achieving textual equivalence, if there is no equivalent expressions in the target language. in the case of adjustment, the original emphasis and intended textual meaning may be affected, but can be compensated by some lexical devices such as adverb of degree. through researching the thematic structure in sentences and thematic progression between sentences of the original text, we can clearly understand the purpose of the speaker or the writer, 2 which helps to transmit the information exactly in the process of translation. this paper mainly applies two theories: hallidays theme-rheme theory and bakers text translation theory. on the basis of these theory, the paper talks about the thematic structure and thematic progression of both chinese and english public political speaking and how to translate them first on the clausal level and then on text level. as a descriptive research of translation study, this thesis mainly adopts a contrastive analysis model to make a comparison between the source language and target language in terms of thematic structure within sentence and thematic progression inter-sentences. case study is used. based on the comparison and through case study method, the author tries to discover some useful rules and guidelines in the process of translation to contribute to the translation study and practice. 38 chapter 6 conclusion in this thesis, the author mainly applies theme- rheme theory to the comparative analysis and translation of english and chinese pps both on clausal level and textual level. we can find that there exists both similarity and differences from the aspect of theme-rheme structure and thematic structure similarity between the two languages facilitated our translation, while difference causes many troubles and draws our great attention in translation. different from written texts, speeches are often face-to-face, interactive communication: the speakers voice, tone, facial expression and body gesture will all help convey his or her ideas to the audiences. that unique feature makes speech rendering distinctive from that of the other texts-the translator often occupies a vital position in ensuring the smooth communication and interaction between the speaker and the audience and the effect of rendering is always immediate and evident. aware of above features of the speeches, the translator should try everything to ensure the rendered version to possess all the qualities of the original. theme-rheme theory is of great help to translation. before translating, we should analyze thematic structure and thematic progression of the source text to have a better understanding of its method of development. when translating, we need to maintain or adjust, if necessary, certain features of the source texts organization in line with preferred ways of organizing text in the target text to achieve the same effect as that of the st, thus establish cohesion and coherence of target text. the translator should be skillful in deciding which to be preserved and which to be adjusted according to its attitudinal or textual meaning and respective natural use. the method of preserving should be kept when the original thematic structure and progression is of special attitudinal or textual meaning, if it can be easily and naturally be reserved in tt, while in some cases, thematic structure of source language can not be rigidly applied in target language due to traditional asthmatics and habitual expression of the target language, and it is necessary to adopt the method of adjustment to conform to the idiomatic usage and habitual expression of the target language thus gain readability and the equivalent effect as the original speech. my own finding is that when we adopt the abandoning method, for the lost textual and intended meaning that may be caused by transferring, we need to and be able to make up with the help of supplement some effective words such as “决不让”, “一定要使” and “并且使” which are used in the translation of the gettysburg address by abraham lincoln. when taking a text analysis in translation, it is not wise to ignore the role that some single words can help to realize the original textual meaning. lexical devices such as adverb of degree can help to reflect the intended meaning and rhetorical purpose of the original, when transferring thematic structure and thematic progression. 39 in fact, the limitation of the thesis is also related to the attention of word level. much attention is paid on the clausal and textual level, but in some degree, the work on the words translation is far from enough. in detail, the author focuses much on the macro aspect of the analysis and translation of epps, such as clausal level and textual level, but few on the micro aspect of epps, such as the exact translation of epps related to cultural difference. it is far from full exploited. many issues wait for further security in future study. 40 bibliography 1 baker, m. in other words: a coursebook on translationm. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 2000. 2 hatim, b. & mason, i. discourse and the translatorm. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 2005. 3 hatim, b. communication across culture: translation theory and contrastive text linguisticsm. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 1997. 4 halliday, m.a.k. an introduction to functional grammar m. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 2000. 5 halliday, m.a.k. & hasan, r. cohesion in englishm. london: longman, 1976. 6 newmark, p. approaches to translationm. shanghai: shanghai foreign language education press, 2002. 7 rodman, g. public speaking (the 3rd edition)m. new york: cbs college publishing, 1986. 8 scollon et al. 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